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1、黑白简约风模板By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I创 业 与 企 业 家
2、精 神被创新创业改变的世界World说到创新你会想到什么？说到创业你会想到什么？创新创业与我们每一个人都息息相关。我们现在所用的很多东西，都是前人创新创业的结果。汽车微信沃尔玛集装箱这一切是谁带来的？创新和企业家精神（彼得德鲁克）德鲁克首先描述了一个大趋势 上个世纪70/80年代美国经济从管理型经济彻底转变为企业家经济，表现为依靠系统化、精细化管理的大型企业在经济中的重要性逐渐降低，财富500强企业创造的就业实际上是下降的，中小企业成为创造就业的主力，中型成长型企业的销售和利润的增速为财富500强的3倍。“创业”意味着什么？中国中国-1212-15%15%美国美国-6 6-8%8%泰国泰国-2
3、6.9%26.9%1、创业、创业活动？活动？(实践实践)清华经管学院中国创业研究中心发布全球创业观察（GEM）2017/2018中国报告 中国创业者中最为活跃的群体是25-34岁的青年。低学历创业者比例逐步下降，恐惧失败的比例逐步提高 中国创业活动的质量在提高 创业环境（1）有形基础设施、市场开放程度、文化与社会规范等是创业环境中表现较好的三方面，（2）商务环境、研发转移和教育与培训等是中国创业环境中一直表现较弱的四方面。全球创业观察2017/2018中国报告中国创业活动活跃程度创业活动比率与经济发达水平创业活动比率与经济发达水平创业学创业学-分类：分类：ProductiveProductiv
4、e有效果的有效果的UnproductiveUnproductive无效果的无效果的DestructiveDestructive破坏性的破坏性的经济理论（经济发展阶段）：经济理论（经济发展阶段）：生产要素驱动型生产要素驱动型生产效率驱动型生产效率驱动型创新驱动型创新驱动型20%以上的创业活动具有创新性创新与创业Schumpter,Joseph,1942:Capitalism,Socialism,and DemocracyGrimm,Curtis&Smith,Ken,1997:Strategy as Action:Industrial Rivalry and Coordination New pr
5、oducts New processes New raw materials New distribution channel New organizational format New business models Can be incremental or radicalCombining ordinary resources for extraordinary applications Take a concept and sell it to the community Translate ideas into profitableopportunities 成功关键要素KSFs E
6、ntrepreneurial insights Implementation skillsInnovationEntrepreneurship创新 VS 创业1、发明：技术上的重大突破2、创新：新技术新知识的大规模商业应用（熊彼特新组合？）3、创业：实现创新的过程4、创新型创业：交集？技术创新+商业模式创新（双核驱动）突破式创新+渐进式创新（双元创新）2、创业活动（理论）创业是长期且普遍存在的社会现象企业家一词源于法语“企业家一词源于法语“entreprendreentreprendre”，最初的含义是“承担”，最初的含义是“承担”（to undertaketo undertake），最早见于
7、），最早见于1616世纪，指参与军事征战的人们。世纪，指参与军事征战的人们。1818世纪初，法国人又将该词用于从事探险活动的人。世纪初，法国人又将该词用于从事探险活动的人。1919世纪初，企业家的含义又从农业扩展到工业以及整个经济活动中世纪初，企业家的含义又从农业扩展到工业以及整个经济活动中 熊彼特熊彼特19121912年年经济发展理论经济发展理论 哈佛大学教授哈佛大学教授Howard Howard H.StevensonH.Stevenson“在不拘泥于资源约束“在不拘泥于资源约束的前提下，追逐机会并创造价值的过程”的前提下，追逐机会并创造价值的过程”两层含义 活动活动主要指创业者及其团队为
8、孕育和主要指创业者及其团队为孕育和创建新企业或新事业而采取的行动，扩展创建新企业或新事业而采取的行动，扩展开来，可以包括新企业的生存和初期发展开来，可以包括新企业的生存和初期发展 精神精神企业家精神，主要指创业者及其企业家精神，主要指创业者及其团队在开展创业活动中所表现出来的抱负、团队在开展创业活动中所表现出来的抱负、执着、坚忍不拔、创新等品质以及一些相执着、坚忍不拔、创新等品质以及一些相对独特的技能对独特的技能创业活动的特殊性 创业活动较强地依赖创业者及其团队的个人能力 创业活动是创业者在资源高度约束的情况下开展的商业活动 创业活动是在高度不确定性的环境中开展的商业活动 颠覆性、创造性和混乱
9、的状况难以计划和预测。谁是顾客、顾客认为什么有价值等都是未知数。模糊性和快速变化。创业活动：含义1、创业是创造性的破坏（Schumpeter,1934）2、创业是新企业的创建过程（Gartner,1985）3、创业是在资源不充分的情况下把握机会（Davidsson,2003）4、创业是对有利可图机会的识别和利用，创造财富和价值（Shane，2001）5、创业是在既定情境下机会、个体或团队，以及组织模式之间的结合以创造新价值（Busenitz,2003）6、只有能够创造出新的、与众不同的事情并能创造价值的活动才是创业（德鲁克，1985）企业管理领域的创业研究创业研究公司创业孕育阶段萌芽阶段创建阶
10、段新企业生存与成长阶段扩张阶段维持阶段企业成长研究主流管理研究创业研究3、企业家精神、企业家精神企业家的达芬奇密码：企业家的达芬奇密码：企业家精神企业家精神第一印象：什么是企业家精神？who？中国创业者的十大素质 欲望 忍耐 眼界 明势 敏感人脉谋略胆量与他人分享的愿望自我反省的能力企业家必须具备的特征 VISION眼光 INNOVATION 创新 KNOWLEDGE 知识 EXPERIENCE 经验 CREATIVITY创造性 COURAGE勇气 PERSEVERANCE 坚定不移的决心 DRIVE TO MANAGE AN ENTERPRISE管理企业的欲望成功的创业家应具备成功的创业家应
11、具备7 7种素质种素质忠诚正直追求成功精力充沛天资过人学识渊博领导素质创新能力成功的创业家应具有的特征成功的创业家应具有的特征是问题的解决者不断进取建立主观标准能预见失败的风险预演将来事件生意人唯利是图，有钱就赚！商人有所为，有所不为！企业家承担社会责任，创造价值，完善社会！Entrepreneur 企业家(精神)、创业 Entrepreneurship Entrepreneur Intrapreneur Social entrepreneur经典描述 企业家是不确定性决策者（1921年，奈特风险、不确定性和利润）企业家是创新者。（熊彼特的创新理论，1934年在经济发展理论）企业家是具有发现市
12、场获利机会的洞察力的人（1973年，柯兹纳竞争与企业家精神中称企业家是“中间商”或“市场的均衡器”企业家是专门就稀缺资源的配置做出判断性决策的人（1982年，卡森企业家：一个经济理论）马歇尔的均衡理论体系中，企业家是“中间商人”和“风险承担者”。企业家的共同特点 创新能力 承担风险 对机会的把握创新性与风险倾向高风险厌恶低风险厌恶高创新性幻想者幻想者创业者创业者无创新性安于现状者安于现状者赌徒赌徒真正的创业者倾向于低风险厌恶并且具有高度的创新性。敢于冒险但却没有创新性的人是赌徒；具有创新想法但却不敢冒险的人是幻想家；既没有创新性又不敢冒险的人是“安于现状者”。企业家与管理者的区别创造创新与企业
13、家精神一般商业技能、商业技巧和网络LowHighHighLowInventor发明人Entrepreneur企业家（创业者）Manager,Administrator管理者Clerk办事员企业家是创业者，但创业者并不都是企业家！企业家与管理者德鲁克指出：尽管企业家不一定非得是发明家，但他们总是寻求变革，做出反应，将变革作为机会来利用。企业家的责任是创建企业 管理者的责任是维持和壮大企业 企业家/内企业家要引进新的产品和服务 管理者要协调生产产品和服务资源总结：企业家总结：企业家精神？精神？阳光、正面的追求自由、实现梦想、自我证明、创造价值、改变世界、赚钱 负面的失败率高、压力大、辛苦、高度不确
14、定。黑暗的过强的控制欲、乐观带来的承诺升级和过度自信、情绪高涨带来的感情用事、勇于创新带来的只破不立、直觉思维带来的脱离实践。29创（企）业家创（企）业家职业经理职业经理特征特征压力压力特征特征压力压力战略导向机会驱动机会的减少；技术、社会价值观念等环境的快速变化.可控资源驱动外部契约；绩效考核；计划系统。把握机会快速的行动导向；理性冒险；缺乏决策支持。缓慢的充足的决策支持，降低风险，和现在资源协调获取资源以低成本逐渐获取预见资源需求能力弱；对环境的可控能力弱；外部的竞争；需要更为有效的利用资源。大批量的采购和积累降低风险的需要；采购的规模经济性；正式的资金预算和计划系统。对资源的控制临时性使
15、用或租赁增强资源的专用性；扩张速度减缓的风险；机会识别中的固有风险。占有资源财务收益；协调行动；转换成本。组织结构扁平、非正式网络协调可控程度低的关键资源；员工对自由度的渴望。层级系统责权界定清晰的要求；组织文化；报酬系统。目录CONTENTS01 项目介绍02 公司介绍03 项目分析04 市场分析05 未来规划1项目介绍单击此处编辑您要的内容，建议您在展示时采用微软雅黑字体，本模版所有图形线条及其相应素材均可自由编辑、改色、替换。91.2%CALCULATORFirst:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,
16、when it is connected项目一91.2%CALCULATORFirst:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connected项目二91.2%CALCULATORFirst:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connected项目三项目介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically de
17、signed to help01+创始人CEOFirst:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connectedLorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.项目负责人Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.项目主管Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text
18、of the printing and typesetting industry.项目监督项目介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help01First:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connected项目研究First:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is con
19、nected项目创立First:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connected项目分配First:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it is connected项目实施项目介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help01关于我们集团介绍公司介绍公司历史介绍公司的产品、展
20、示自己的成把自己所要表达的信息组织在一组图文并茂的画面产品、不仅在投影仪自己所要演示幻灯片的软制作视频剪辑表达120个城市覆盖110万块电梯海报18万块电梯电视5亿人次日均到达项目介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help012公司介绍单击此处编辑您要的内容，建议您在展示时采用微软雅黑字体，本模版所有图形线条及其相应素材均可自由编辑、改色、替换。Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Phasellus eff
21、icitur.项目计划By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to项目发展历史By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm tha
22、t pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek公司介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help02业务一By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusias
23、m that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good业务二By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good业务三By faith I mean a vision of good o
24、ne cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good业务四By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good公司介绍We
25、have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help02项目前景Clarity Leads to Power.When were clear,were more effective.Our clarity reduces our mistakes and enables us to enlist thehelp of others.We are more powerful when we are clear公司介绍We have many PowerPoint templates that has
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27、 has been specifically designed.91.2%CALCULATORBy faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles.By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek公司介绍We have many PowerPoint templa
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33、is technically fast,when it is connectedContent项目分析We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help034市场分析单击此处编辑您要的内容，建议您在展示时采用微软雅黑字体，本模版所有图形线条及其相应素材均可自由编辑、改色、替换。WRITE A TITLE IN THIS SECTION市场可行性First:What is a Fast-Fish?Alive or dead a fish is technically fast,when it
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