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1、专题 09 情态动词和虚拟语气高效演练一单句语法填空1. My room is a mess, but I not clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.【答案】need【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我的房间很乱,都是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以每天早晨打扫。故填 need。2. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】句意:上个星期你为什么
2、不告诉我你的麻烦事?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断,条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设,此时从句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“情态动词havedone”形式。3. You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.9it.4. He sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught【答案】couldnt【解析】考查情态动词。句意:尽管他想努力睡着,但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法
3、, 直到找到为止。根据语境可知,他显然是“不能”入睡,根据句中的 although he tried to 可知这里说的是过去的事情,所以用 cannot 的过去式。5. The door open, no matter how hard she pushed.【答案】wouldnt【解析】本题考查情态动词。句意:无论她怎样用力推,这扇门就是不开。根据句意可知,wouldnt 用于表示过去的否定句中时,表示拒绝,可译为“不肯/愿意,总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对, 这是一种拟人的用法。6. Im going to Europe on vacation together with J
4、ohn if I _ find the money.【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。句意:如果我现在能有足够的钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本题考查情态动词表能力。can 能够符合题意,故填 can。7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able get out.【答案】to【解析】考查情态动词 was able to 。 was able to 表示经过努力能够做到,强调成功。句意:大火很快蔓延了整个宾馆,但是大家都成功地离开了。根据语境可知,强调成功地逃出,故填 to。【特别提醒】表示“能力
5、”的情态动词有:can, could, be able to(1)情态动词 can 只有两种时态形式,现在时 can 和过去式 could, 而 be able to 有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano.She has been able to play it since she was five.玛丽会弹钢琴,她 5 岁起就会弹了。(2)表示过去能力时,was/were able to 表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于 manage to do 或succeed in doing,而 could 没有这个含义。学*科网Yesterday I was able
6、to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。8.The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible!They have taken some measures to prevent it occurring.【答案】should【解析】句意为“超市昨晚的火灾很可怕。他们本应该采取一些措施来预防火灾的发生”。这里表示“应该做某事而实际上未做”,所以用 should have done 结构。9. One of our rules is that every student _ wear sc
7、hool uniform while at school.【答案】shall【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:我们有一项规定,每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处 shall表示按照法律、条例、规定必须要做的事情。10. I _ not use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.【答案】need【解析】句意:我不必用钟表唤醒自己,因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。故填 need。11.I dont care what
8、 people think.Well, you .【答案】should【特别提醒】表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有:must, should, ought to, have to(1) ought to 与 should 意思大体相同,但 ought to 语气比 should 重,往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。You are his father and ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,应当照顾他。(有责任,从道义上应该) Young people should show respect to the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(2) have to 表示
9、“必须,不得不”,这个意义与 must 很接近,但 must 表示主观意志,而 have to 表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。I told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。I have to hand in my term paper before 5:00 pm.today.12. The new law states that people not drive after drinking alcohol.【答案】must【解析】句意:新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。由题干中的 law 可知答案为 must。13. One of our r
10、ules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.【答案】shall【解析】句意:我们的规章制度之一就是在校时每个学生都应该穿校服。shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示法律规定时,意为“应该”。故填 shall。14. Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.【答案】shall【解析】句意:妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?好,如果你尽快睡觉,我就给你讲一个。Shall 在此处表示“允诺”,故
11、填 shall。【特别提醒】情态动词“偏义”大本营1 表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时,只能用 was/were able to,不用 could。2 must 有一种含义,即“偏要”。3 shall 可以用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等;在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。4 will 可以表示意愿。will 还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。5 should 表示惊异、意外等情绪,经常用于疑问句和肯定句中,多译为“竟然,居然”。15. George cant _(go)too far.His coffee is s
12、till warm.【答案】have gone【解析】句意:乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done 是对过去的否定推测。16. You be careful with the camera.It costs!立意与点拨:根据空后的动词原形 be 可知此处填情态动词,根据句意和后面的感叹号可知这是说话人提出的要求,且语气非常强烈,因此只能填 must。【答案】must【解析】句意为:你必须要小心使用相机。它很贵重!根据下文的 It costs!可知,此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求,must 意为“必须”,表示说话人主观上的要求,语气强烈。17. It _ b
13、e the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.【答案】couldnt【解析】考查情态动词。句意:你难以完成那道练习题,不可能是词汇量的原因,因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句 because you know a lot of words 可知,主句应该是否定的。此处为对可能性的推测,couldnt 表示“不可能”。18.What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I _ go to the R
14、olling Stones concert.【答案】might/may【解析】考查情态动词。句意:“你这个周六做什么?”“我不确定,但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。”根据 答语的前半句“我不确定”可知,空格处应填表示“可能,或许”意思的词语。19.Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah,good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peters.【答案】must【解析】第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约,那想,那下面的人就该回应税说。“那您一定就是 Mrs.Peter了”,
15、故填 must。20.What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.【答案】should【解析】你这是什么意思,只有十张票吗?应该有十二张。should 表示“应该,应当”。故填 should。二单项选择1. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy ; they _ just be quiet people.AmustBmayCshouldDwould【答案】B【解析】言语不多的人未必就腼腆,他们可能只是好静而已。must 肯定;m
16、ay 或许;should 应该;would 想必。【特别提醒】1must 用于肯定句,表示较有把握的推测,意为“准是,一定”。2should 用于肯定句中,语气次之,意为“很可能,应该”,指按常理推测。3can 用在肯定句中,表示理论上的可能性。如:Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟有可能引起癌症。4may 用在肯定句中,表示对现在把握不大的推测,意为“也许,可能”。5could,might 也可表示推测意义,常用在过去时态中;但在某些场合下,为了使语气更缓和、更委婉,常用 could,might 代替 can,may。如:They saw something in the
17、 sky last night.It could/might be a UFO.昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。2. I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust notBneed notCwould notDmight not【答案】D【解析】根据 he wasnt certain 可知,James 可能不来。3. Hows your new babysitter?We ask
18、 for a better one.All our kids love her so much. AshouldBmightCmustntDcouldnt【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:你的新保姆怎么样?找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。should 应该;might 可能,可以;mustnt 禁止;couldnt 不可能。根据句意选 D。4. _it be Tom that stole the managers mobile phone?No.As far as I know, Tom is very honest. AMayBCanCMustDShould【答案】B【特别提
19、醒】1否定推测(1)表示否定的推测时,cant/couldnt 语气最强,指“不可能”,带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。如:The story sounds reasonable,but it cant be true.这个故事听起来合情合理,但不可能是真的。(2)语气不很肯定时,常用 may not 或 might not 表否定推测,意为“可能不,也许不”。如:He may not/might not be at home.他可能不在家。2疑问句中的推测疑问句中的推测,常用 can 或 could,意为“可能”。如: Who can it be?Can it be Jenny?那能是谁呢?是玛丽
20、吗?3情态动词表推测的三种时态(1)对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词动词原形”。She must arrive before 5. 5:00 前她一定到。(2)对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词be”,“情态动词be doing”或“情态动词动词原形”。He must/may be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能正在听收音机。5. not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD.
21、Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be 动词统一用 were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if省略,同时把 were/should/had 提前,即 Were /Should/ Had I.,故选 B。6 not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B7If the new safety system to use, the accident would neve
22、r have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用 had done 形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故 A 项是正确的。8. _(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest
23、 in 2005.9.C. wouldnt w riteD. wouldnt have written【答案】DD 项。三单句改错【答案】Need 改为 Must【解析】句意:约翰,看看时间。这么晚了你偏要弹钢琴吗?从说话人的语气判断,含有不满之意。must 在此表示特定的语气和态度,意为“偏要,硬要”。故把 Need 改为 Must。2.I must not have been more than six years old when the accident happened.【答案】must 改为 could【解析】句意:在事故发生时我不可能超过 6 岁。mustnt 意为“一定不能,被
24、禁止”,不能与 have done连用。故把 must 改为 could。3Would it snow, the crops would grow better.【答案】Would 改为 Should【解析】句意:如果下雪的话,这些庄稼会长得更好。本题考查与将来事实相反的 if 条件句,if 从句的谓语动词形式为:过去式;should动词原形;were to动词原形。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,if 从句中情态动词只用 should,不用 would 。故把 Would 改为 Should。4.The little boy handles the vase as if it is made of
25、 steel.【答案】is 改为 were【解析】句意:这个小男孩拿着花瓶好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气,“as if”意为“好像”,分析句意可知 as if 后面的句子需用虚拟语气并且所述事实是对现实情况的假设,因此使用一般过去时,故把is 改为 were。易错警示:as if(as though)用在虚拟语气中:(1)如果 as if 引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,as if 引导的从句谓语动词用过去时。He looks as if he were an artist。他看起来像个艺术家。(2)如果 as if 引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if 引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时。She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.她英语说得很流利,好像在美国学过似的。