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1、A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11 years after a pioneering voice box transplant Brenda Jensen said the operation was a great success which had saved her lifeThirteen days after the surgery she said her first words: “Good morning, I want to go home”It is the first time a voi
2、ce box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplantedMsJensen, 52, had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999Since then, she has been unable to taste or smell food, could breathe onl
3、y through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice boxIn October, surgeons at the University of California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and 6cm of the windpipe from a donor bodyIn an 18-hour operation, this was transplanted into MsJensens throat a
4、nd the team connected it to her blood supply and nervesProfessor Martin from University College London, who was part of the surgery team, said: “Weve learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again Itll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremel
5、y important as tissue engineering develops”A voice box transplant might be life changing, but it is not life savingEveryone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system （免疫系统） for the rest of their lives These drugs can reduce life expectancy, so they are normally set aside
6、 for life saving proceduresOne of the reasons MsJensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years agoProfessor Peter , part of the surgical team, said: ” Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the
7、transplant because she was highly motivatedAnyone whos met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges shes faced over her lifetimeWhich is the best title for the passage?ATransplant Saves A Womans LifeBOvercoming Obst
8、acles to Speak AgainCFirst Words from New Voice BoxDCourageous Woman Defeating Fears这是一篇高考模拟题的阅读理解，其实初中高中在选择文章标题这类题型上的解题技巧是一致的，之所以选择这篇文章，是因为它恰到好处的反应了我们今天要阐述的解题技巧。这篇文章大多数同学选择的B或D作为文章的标题，理由是首先这两个答案表述没有错误，而且照顾到了文章后半部分表达出的对文章主人公精神的赞美，比较全面。而答案A则属于错误表达，文章中明确提出A voice box transplant might be life changing,
9、 but it is not life saving。故A是不可取的。那么答案C很多同学认为表达过于片面，不能完全体现文章后半部分所阐述的内容。其实正确答案恰恰是C。就是因为学霸们后面的文章看懂了，所以选择了一个自认为照顾到文章全局的标题。也恰恰因为没有掌握这个重要的解题技巧，学霸们顺利掉进了出题者设计的坑里。阅读理解的技巧中非常重要的一点是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。而段落或文章的中心思想往往是通过段落中的主题句来体现的。因此了解并掌握这些规律，迅速找出主题句，从而抓住中心思想对于提高同学们的阅读理解水平大有益处。1首句是主题句的规律文章首句是主题句通常出现在有例证、解释或说明的
10、段落；为某一事物下定义的段落；对两个或以上的事物作比较的段落以及表明因果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。主题句是首句的段落一般以概述开篇，再辅之以细说。而文章的题目也一般出现在开头或段首，据专门研究阅读技巧的专家统计，主题句或标题出现在文章开头的概率达到70%。甚至有些设题者为了迎合这一规律，通过修改文章把主题句或标题隐含词穿插在段首。而在选择标题或主题句时,通常是段落中某些词的整合或原文同义替换词的总结。上面那个例子之所以选C,首先它符合标题一般出现在文章段首的规律，其次段首出现了speak for the first time after a pioneering voice box这些与答案
11、C First Words from New Voice Box意思相同的表达。2段落尾句是主题句的规律段尾有主题句的情况一般出现在作者要阐述一个不常见或令人难以接受的观点的段落,旨在说服读者相信其观点。尾句是主题句的段落总是用归纳法撰写的，先表述细节或论据，最后作出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种段尾主题句的情况相对段首主题句要少很多。综上所述，同学们在解主题大意题时，可以参考以下几点：1）认真阅读文章的第一段和每段的第一句。2）涉及到文章的主题时，作者往往有意识地反复论述。那么文中就会出现复现的中心词，抓住中心词，对我们把握主题有一定帮助。3）文章或段落的主题句通常会出现在一些标志性
12、的提示词后：例如：On the whole, in short, in a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude ,therefore掌握了找主题句的方法后，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们格外注意：（1）以偏概全，只抓住了文章主题的一个侧面就误以为是真正的主题。（2）过于笼统，归纳的主题太泛泛，与文中事实细节严重脱节。（3）把自己的观点强加给作者，有些同学往往根据自己的经验常识对文章进行判断从而忽视了作者的观点，这是阅读大忌。另一个丢分点是阅读理解中的推断题。推理判断题,也就是同学们在考试中经常遇到的设问中带有 ”i
13、nfer” 或其他判断作者意图的问题,这类题我们在英语大大小小的考试中见得很多,而且往往是同学们的失分点,究其原因,主要还是没有掌握推理判断题的具体分类和解题方法。首先，我们经常在英语试卷中遇到的推断判断题主要有如下几种：1针对事实的推断这种推断常常针对某个或某些具体的文中出现的事实细节，即文章中没有明确提出的,但字里行间明确传达了作者的意图,这类是属于比较显而易见的推理.2针对划线部分指代内容的推断确定文中某一划线代词的含义及其指代对象是近年来阅读理解中常见的题目。要确定该代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的全面透彻的理解,这就对同学们提出了更高的要求,自然这类指代推断题难度比事实推断要
14、高一个层次。在这里,我们可以掌握一个小技巧：我们可以根据划线部分代词的单复数形式来判断指代内容，因为指代词与其指代的内容应保持数的一致。它可以作为识别指代对象一个辅助标志。 例如代词it，that，he，him或them等既可以指上文提到的人也可以指文中提到的物，但有的时候其指代的对象在文中相隔较远，需要认真阅读查找；甚至需要对前面提到的内容进行概括总结，才能得出代词所指代的事，这种情况就属于比较难的题目。 例如：In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When th
15、e explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon people expressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？ H.G.
16、Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking abou
17、t it . What does the underlined word it refer to？ ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“ again DTraveling to outer space 由此可以看出it指上句中的the question，而the question又指第一段中月球人所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use yo
18、ur inner space？就可以判断出答案为B。3针对文中逻辑关系的推断这类题目通常是要根据文章所提供的背景，作者的态度来推断出人物的态度或感觉，所以需要同学们根据文章中所陈述的事实细节、论点、例证等材料进行整合推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，注意一定是根据文中观点得出的，而不是根据自己的经验、判断或观点去理解文章中作者的意思。这样就犯了主观臆断的错误，是做推理判断题的大忌。故做这类题时，同学们应着重把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发生的内容。可能涉及事件发展的经过，也可能按因果, 对比关系来描写。例题： We are in the computer age They are especia
19、lly useful in automatic control，data processing and solving complicated problems And they are finding their way into the home。 More and cleverer computers will continue to appearThey will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfullyThey will take over more tasks from us，helping to ch
20、ange the face of our world However Which of the following statements will best continue the second paragraph？ A Computers will soon stop developing B Many people like computers very much C Computers are as clever as man D I do not think computers will replace us completely 解析 此题较容易，从文中可以看出作者采用了对比关系法
21、来描写，前面描写了计算机的长处，一个However提示同学们下文将提出相反的观点，故答案为D。4针对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类题一般要求同学们就作者论述的对象持什么态度做出判断，是赞同、反对，还是犹豫，是同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。这种思想倾向不会直接表达出来，而往往隐含在字里行间里。 因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要深刻理解文章的主题思想，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语，通常能表达作者的态度。了解了推理判断题的分类，我们就要掌握一些解答这类题的方法，由于这类题是让我们根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。有可能根据有关文字词或句子，或若干句子，抑或是全文。因此，这就要求同学们
22、在解答这类题时应注意以下几点：（1）尤其重要的是一定不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；（2）其次要着重注意的是如果某选项中的内容是对阅读材料的简单重复或干脆照搬原文，那它就不是推断，推断一定是原文中没有明确表达的。（3）如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有提及，那属于主观臆断，不是正确答案；（4）文中出现的虚拟语气和情态动词（should, must, may,等等）往往能流露出作者的意图，这类词要着重注意；（5）要着重注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在某些形容词前用了too， rather等常常带有否定的含义；（6）某些过渡词（however, but, on the contrary, in addition等）这些词后面所表达的内容要着重揣摩，他们往往能反映作者的观点和态度。总之，推理判断题是中学英语中一类较容易失分的题目，同学们务必引起重视，仔细阅读上面的解题方法，再辅助以相关练习，相信会取得显著的效果。