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1、第第1010讲讲 名词性从句名词性从句2021/8/9 星期一1【定定义义】一一个个句句子子在在另另一一个个句句子子中中充充当当主主语语、宾宾语语、表表语语、同同位位语语，相相当当于于名名词词，故故称称为为名名词词性性从句。从句。【四四大大从从句句】名名词词性性从从句句分分为为主主语语从从句句、宾宾语语从从句、表语从句和同位语从句。句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句一、主语从句一一个个句句子子在在另另一一个个句句子子中中充充当当主主语语，即即句句子子充充当当主语，该句子称为主语从句。主语，该句子称为主语从句。2021/8/9 星期一2【完成例句完成例句】根根据据句句意意选选词词填填空空(t
2、hat,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)That he will succeed is certain.(2)Whether he will go there is not known.(3)What he said is not true.(4)When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.2021/8/9 星期一3【结结论论】that从从句句，从从句句为为一一个个句句意意完完整整的的陈陈述述句句，没没有有具具体体意意义义，不不充充当当句句子子成成分分，只起标志性作用，但只起标志性作用，但that 不能省
3、略。不能省略。whether 从从句句，从从句句来来源源于于一一般般疑疑问问句句，whether不不能能省省略略，意意为为“是是否否”，不不能能用用if替替换。换。特特殊殊疑疑问问词词从从句句，从从句句来来源源于于特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，特特殊殊疑疑问问词词不不能能省省略略，意意思思为为特特殊殊疑疑问问词词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。2021/8/9 星期一4【疑难疑难1】Who he is is none of my business.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】任任何何从从句句要要用用陈陈述述句句语语序序，即即主主谓谓语序。语序。【疑难疑难2】That he
4、 likes English is known to us all.What he said at the meeting made me sad.【疑疑难难剖剖析析2】主主句句时时态态为为过过去去时时，从从句句时时态态为为过过去去的的某某一一时时态态；主主句句时时态态为为现现在在时时或或将将来来时时，从从句句时态视具体情况而定。时态视具体情况而定。2021/8/9 星期一5【疑疑难难3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all.【疑难剖析疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。单个句子作主语，视为单数。【疑疑难难3】It is a
5、 pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.【疑疑难难剖剖析析3】1主主语语从从句句通通常常由由it充充当当形形式式主主语语，而本身放在句子末尾。而本身放在句子末尾。2021/8/9 星期一6 2it作形式主语和作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较 it作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从
6、从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变变化化。而而it引引导导的的强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调，无无论论强强调调的的是是什什么么成成分分，都都可可用用连连词词that。被被强强调调部部分指人时也可用分指人时也可用who/whom。3.用用it 作形式主语的常用结构作形式主语的常用结构 It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that事实是事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识是常识2021/8/9
7、星期一7It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that很自然很自然 It is strange that奇怪的是奇怪的是It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that似乎似乎 It happened that碰巧碰巧 It appears that似乎似乎It 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that据报道据报道 It has been proved that已证实已证实 It is said that据说据说2021/8/9 星期一8【疑疑难难5】It is said that Chairman Hu will vi
8、sit our school next week.()That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said.()【疑难剖析疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：1.if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。2.It is said /reported结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提前。提前。3.It happens/occurs结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提前。提前。2021/8/9 星期一9 It occurred to him that h
9、e failed in the examination.()That he failed in the examination occurred to him.()4.It doesnt matter how/whether结结构构中中的的主主语从句不可提前。语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.()Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.()5.含含主主语语从从句句的的复复合合句句是是疑疑问问句句时时，主主语语从从句句不可提前。不可提前。2021/8/9 星期一10Is it like
10、ly that it will rain in the evening？()Is that will rain in the evening likely？()【疑难疑难6】what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation.【疑疑难难剖剖析析6】what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当主语、宾语或表语，而当主语、宾语或表语，而that则不充当任何成分。则不充当任何成分。2021/8/9 星期一11二、宾语从句
11、二、宾语从句 在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句是是宾宾语语从从句句，通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。【完成例句完成例句】根根据据句句意意选选词词填填空空(that,if,whether,where,what，who)(5)I heard that he joined the army.(6)She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(7)She told me that she would ac
12、cept my invitation.2021/8/9 星期一12【结结论论9】由由that引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句(that 通通常常可以省略可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。在从句中不充当任何成分。由由what引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句，what在在从从句句中中充充当主语、宾语或表语。当主语、宾语或表语。whether(if)引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句，在在从从句句中中不不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否是否”。2021/8/9 星期一13【疑难疑难1】引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时if和和whether的区别的区别 I asked h
13、er if/whether she had a bike.They discussed whether they will go back right now.Were worried about whether he is safe.I dont know whether or not he will come.I dont know whether to go.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】引引导导宾宾语语从从句句时时用用if和和whether都都可可以以，但但有有只只用用whether的的特特殊殊情情况况：动动词词discuss后后；介介词词后；后；whether与与or not连用时；连用时；
14、whether to do。2021/8/9 星期一14【疑难疑难2】I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.【疑难剖析疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。【注意注意】下列形容词后常跟下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语：引导的从句作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,sati
15、sfied,content等等。(有有时时也也将将此此类类词词后后的的that 从句看作原因状语从句。从句看作原因状语从句。)2021/8/9 星期一15【疑疑难难3】We heard it that she would get married next month.【疑疑难难剖剖析析3】it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语，而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在句尾在句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中特别是在带复合宾语的句子中)。2021/8/9 星期一16【疑难疑难4】I admire their winning the matc
16、h.()I admire that they won the match.()【疑疑难难剖剖析析4】后后边边不不能能直直接接跟跟that 从从句句的的动动词词有：有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等等。这这类类词词后后可可以以用用不不定定式式或或动动名名词词作作宾宾语，但不可以用语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。2021/8/9 星期一17【疑疑难难5】He impressed the manager as an honest
17、man.()He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.()【疑疑难难剖剖析析5】有有些些动动词词不不可可用用于于“动动词词间间接接宾宾语语that从从句句”结结构构中中，这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。等。2021/8/9 星期一18【疑难疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont think this dress fits you well.【疑疑难难
18、剖剖析析6】否否定定的的转转移移：若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓谓语语上上，从从句谓语用肯定式。句谓语用肯定式。2021/8/9 星期一19三、表语从句三、表语从句 在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句为为表表语语从从句句，一般结构是一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。2021/8/9 星期一20【完成例句完成例句】根据句意填空
19、根据句意填空 (8)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.(9)This is why we cant get the support of the people.(10)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(11)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.2021/8/9 星期一21【结论结论1】完完整整陈陈述述句句充
20、充当当表表语语时时用用that引引导导，且且不不可省略；可省略；表表“是否是否”含义时用含义时用whether；语语义义不不完完整整时时根根据据情情况况选选用用对对应应的的特特殊殊疑疑问词，如问词，如what，when，where，why等；等；两两种种特特殊殊句句型型：the reason is that和和It is because等结构。等结构。2021/8/9 星期一22四、同位语从句四、同位语从句 在在复复合合句句中中作作名名词词的的同同位位语语的的名名词词性性从从句句为为同同位语从句。位语从句。【完成例句完成例句】根据句意选词填空根据句意选词填空 (12)The kings dec
21、ision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.(13)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2021/8/9 星期一23【结结论论】同同位位语语从从句句对对名名词词作作进进一一步步解解释释，说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容，一一般般由由that引引导导，可可以以接接同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词主主要要有有：fact,information,problem,decision,suggestio
22、n,proposal,order等。等。2021/8/9 星期一24【疑难疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】同同位位语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在它它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。2021/8/9 星期一25【疑难疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad n
23、ext year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。2021/8/9 星期一26【疑疑难难剖剖析析2】(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时可可以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分(主主语语或或宾宾语语)，而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只只起起连连接接主主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述名名词词的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是对对名名词词的具体内容进行补充说明。的具体内容进行补充说明。2021/8/9 星期一272021/8/9 星期一28