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1、Advance with English Grammar and usage2021/8/9 星期一1Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句2021/8/9 星期一2who/thatWho is he?*The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.*The man she speaks to is Brad Pitt.*The man _ she speaks is Brad Pitt.to whom who/whom/that/-2021/8/9 星期一3Who is she?Cecilia,
2、_ took weight-loss pills,now realizes that health is important.Cecilia,_ body is thin,still wants to lose some weight(减肥减肥).whowhose2021/8/9 星期一41.限制性定语从句与先行词之间不限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。一般用逗号隔开。My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.My cousin,wh
3、ose father is a teacher,wants to be an actor.2021/8/9 星期一51.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B.She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao,which returned to China in 1999.2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.B.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.2.限制性定语从句和先行词限制
4、性定语从句和先行词关系密切关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。2021/8/9 星期一6 1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.All the magazines here which h
5、ave beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.All the magazines here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。3.有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。句会改变全句的意思。（不只一位姐姐）（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂
6、志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）2021/8/9 星期一7His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.A.当先行词是地名当先行词是地名人名人名、世界上独一无世界上独一无二的事物二的事物或或家庭唯一成员家庭唯一成员时，时，通常只用通常只用非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。Shanghai,which is in East China,is developing rapidly.2021/8/9 星期一8Fill in the blanks with proper relative
7、 words.1.The famous basketball star,_is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.T
8、he school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich2021/8/9 星期一9 He missed the show,which was a great pity.He invited me to dinner,which made me happy.4.非限制性定语从句中关系代词非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指可指其其前的整个主句的意
9、思或一部分意思前的整个主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语引导的定语从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.正如大家所知，中国是一个正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。有着悠久历史的国家。She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。看出。More examples2021/8/9 星期一10 By se
10、rving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.（2007湖南）A.who B.which C.what D.that 2021/8/9 星期一11 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy(嫉妒嫉妒)him.(2004天津天津)A.who B.that C.what D.whi
11、ch2021/8/9 星期一12 Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally(就我个人而论就我个人而论)I doubt(怀疑怀疑)very much.(1999全国全国)A.it B.that C.when D.which2021/8/9 星期一13关系代词：关系代词：which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词：关系副词：when/where6.非限制性定语从句中不用关系非限制性定语从句中不用关系词词that；非限制性定语从句中关；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略系词不能省略)5.非限制性定语从句中通常使非限
12、制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词用下列关系代词和副词2021/8/9 星期一147.在在of which/whom之前可以使之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.I am doing different types of exercises,all of _are quite helpful to my health.2.Many people,some of _are not overweight,are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class,three of _come from U
13、S.Other exampleswhichwhomwhom2021/8/9 星期一15 Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it.(2007安徽)A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom2021/8/9 星期一16 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.(2004辽宁辽宁)A.of wh
14、ich B.which of C.of them D.of that2021/8/9 星期一17Differences:Comma（逗号）（逗号）The non-restrictive attributive clause can be left out.（非限制性定语从句可以（非限制性定语从句可以被省略）被省略）We cant use“that”in it.（非限制性定（非限制性定语从句中不可以用语从句中不可以用that)We cant miss the relative words,（非限制性定语从句中关（非限制性定语从句中关 系代词不可以被省略）系代词不可以被省略）2021/8/9 星期
15、一18Can you find the non-restrict attributive clauses in your reading,P42,43*Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less,which are quite popular among young women here.2021/8/9 星期一19*My mother,whom you met last year,keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.*Then the doctor found t
16、hat someone in your country,whose name is Li Dong,was an exact match for me.2021/8/9 星期一20 *Its the same in Chinamany people,some of whom are not overweight at all,are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills,which are often dangerous.2021/8/9 星期一21 It is reported that two schools,_ are bei
17、ng built in my hometown，will open next year.（2007四川）四川）A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 2021/8/9 星期一22 I have many friends,some _ are businessmen.(2005全国全国)A.why B.from which C.who of D.of whom 高考链接2021/8/9 星期一23 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend
18、 more time in the shop.(2005上海)A.that B.which C.when D.where高考链接2021/8/9 星期一24 I walked in our garden,_ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.(2005辽宁)A.which B.when C.where D.that 高考链接2021/8/9 星期一25 Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer what it was 20 years
19、ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.(2005安徽)A.when B.which C.what D.that 高考链接2021/8/9 星期一26 Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.（2005浙江）A.which B.that C.this D.it高考链接2021/8/9 星期一27The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(2004全国)A.for wh
20、ich B.at which C.in which D.on which高考高考链接接2021/8/9 星期一28There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.(2004全国)A.where B.which C.when D.that高考高考链接接2021/8/9 星期一29Unit 3 Grammar and usage Question tags(2nd period)2021/8/9 星期一30 Question tags2021/8/9 星期一31 Do you say“I love you”to yo
21、ur parents,how do you say?2021/8/9 星期一32Sometimes,you can ask:You love me,dont you?2021/8/9 星期一33This kind of sentence is called question tag.Question tags are short questions that come at the end of statements.2021/8/9 星期一34Question tags can be used when youask for agreement eg:You still go to the
22、gym every day,dont you?ask for confirmation eg:You still go to the gym every day,dont you?2021/8/9 星期一35Notice:1.We use a negative question tag at the end of a positive statement;we use a positive question tag at the end of a negative statement.2021/8/9 星期一36 Looking good is important to women,isnt
23、it?I was very lucky,wasnt I?We shouldnt be ashamed of the way we look,should we?2021/8/9 星期一372.Words like neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardly or seldom are considered negative.2021/8/9 星期一38Neither of you will have coffee,will you?No one has found my CD,have they?Nobody understood h
24、is speech,did they?His sister seldom argues with people,does she?2021/8/9 星期一393.We use a personal pron.like I,we,you,he,she,it or they in a question tag.eg:You wouldnt like to take these pills,would you?Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet,havent they?2021/8/9 星期一404.We use an auxiliary ver
25、b,modal verb or be in a question tag.eg:You like traveling,dont you?eg:You cant speak Italian,can you?eg:There is something wrong,isnt there?2021/8/9 星期一415.After an imperative clause,we use will you.After Lets,we use shall we.eg:Post a letter for me,will you?eg:Lets have a break,shall we?2021/8/9 星
26、期一42 1.When youve finished with that book,dont forget to put it back on the shelf,_?(2007北京）北京）A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.wont you2021/8/9 星期一432.There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended _?(2005上海上海)A.wasnt there B.was there C.didnt it D.did it2021/8/9 星期一
27、443.There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,_?(2004上海春上海春)A.didnt they B.dont they C.mustnt they D.havent they2021/8/9 星期一45 Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,_?A.isnt it B.is it C.isnt he D.is he典型典型题例例2021/8/9 星期一46The Lang
28、uage Points of This Text2021/8/9 星期一471.consider1)考虑考虑 consider sth./doing sth.eg:We must consider the matter carefully.We must consider the feelings of other people.I am considering going abroad.We consider going downtown this afternoon.PS:consider 作作“考虑考虑”时时,不可用不可用to do!2021/8/9 星期一482)consider 认为
29、认为+that clause/sb.to beeg:We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)We consider that you are not to blame.She is considered to be warm-hearted.2021/8/9 星期一493)consider as 认为认为是是eg:We consider this matter(as)unimportant.I consider what he said(as)reasonable.consider+n.+n.I consider it
30、a great honor.I considered him a rascal.2021/8/9 星期一502.be skinny=be very thin3.lift weights4.side effect/affect5.achievement6.take the risk7.post2021/8/9 星期一51 Complete the following passages with who,whose,which,where,or when I have a good friend,(1)_ is really thin.Twice a week he goes to the gym
31、,(2)_ he exercises and lifts weights.But the fact is hes still quite thin,(3)_makes him unhappy.Now he is thinking about taking some pills,(4)_ he thinks will make him become stronger.Does anyone know if its safe to take these pills?whowherewhichwhich2021/8/9 星期一52 I think going to a gym is a good w
32、ay to keep healthy and strong.If your friend wants to be stronger,he should try to go there more often.Yes,there are some pills to make you look strong.However,they have side effects,(5)_ will do harm to your health.After taking this kind of pill for some time,your friends hair might fall out or he
33、might have health problems,some of(6)_ may evenwhichwhich2021/8/9 星期一53do harm to his liver or heart.Many sportsmen,(7)_ achievements were great,died very young because they took these kinds of pills.I dont think your friend should take the risk.Tell your friend not to take the pills because he may have health problems in the future,(8)_ it is too late.whosewhen2021/8/9 星期一54HomeworkP51,A,BP104,C1,C22021/8/9 星期一552021/8/9 星期一56