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1、定语从句定语从句：在复句中在复句中,修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从从句句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词Key words:名名/代代关系词关系词+定语从句定语从句2021/8/9 星期一1This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1）2）3）2021/8/9 星期一2Revision1 the usage of the relative pr
2、onoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose2021/8/9 星期一3Choose the proper relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.1.October1,1949istheday_wellneverforget.2.A.whenB.whoseC.thatD.it2.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what2021/8/9 星期一44.Doyouknowtheboy_isstandi
3、ngatthegateofourschool?A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose5.Thewoman_yousawjustnowismyaunt.A.whosB.whomC.whichD.whose3.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2021/8/9 星期一51.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB
4、.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，等不定代词时，关系代词用关系代词用that2021/8/9 星期一64.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youc
5、anfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等等修饰时修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),t
6、helast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避，为了避免重复免重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。2021/8/9 星期一7 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最
7、高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等等时。时。4.先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代关系代词不要再用词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that6.先行词在定语从句中充当表语，不管是人是物，只用先行词在定语从句中充当表语，不管是人是物，只用that只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别2021/8/9 星期一8Tom was the boy _ I just talked.A whom B that
8、 C to whom D I need a knife _ I can cut a cake.A which B that C D with which先行词在定语从句中充当先行词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语介词的宾语，关系代词关系代词前必须要有前必须要有介词介词2021/8/9 星期一91.A.Theperson2.youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.A.Thegameshetookpartinwereswimmingandshooting.B.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Ball.B.Thegamesinwhichhetookpar
9、twereswimmingandshooting.who/that/whom/which/that/2021/8/9 星期一10A.Haveyoumettheperson_whomhewasspeaking?How to choose the right prepositions1.Findoutwhichverbtheprepositionisusedwith.Forexample:B.Heistheman_whomyoushouldgiveyourthanks.with/to/aboutto2021/8/9 星期一11Heistheperson_Ijusttalked.Itwastheli
10、ttlegirl_Iwentshoppingyesterday.Hegavemeapen_hespentsomuchmoney.Thebrokenumbrella_youhavedoneismine.Thereason_heexplainstomeisalie.towhomwithwhomonwhichwithwhichthat/which/2021/8/9 星期一12A.Thefarm_whichweworkedtenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.2.Findoutwhichnounorpronountheclausemodifies(修饰修饰).Forexample
11、:B.Thisisthetree_whichweusedtoplaygames.onunder2021/8/9 星期一133.Findoutthemeaningoftheclause.Forexample:A.Thepen_whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.B.Thegas_whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(Heiswritingwiththepen.)(Wecannotlivewithoutthegas.)withwithout2021/8/9 星期一142.根据先行词与介词搭根据先行词与介词搭配的常规来确定介词的配的
12、常规来确定介词的使用。使用。3.根据整个定语从句句根据整个定语从句句意的要求来确定介词的意的要求来确定介词的使用使用。1.根据定语从句中动词根据定语从句中动词与介词搭配的常规来确与介词搭配的常规来确定介词的使用。定介词的使用。2021/8/9 星期一15Some tips:当关系代词作当关系代词作lookfor,lookafter,takecareof，referto(涉及，关于涉及，关于)等等不能拆开使用的短语动词不能拆开使用的短语动词的宾语时的宾语时,介词不能提前。介词不能提前。2021/8/9 星期一16Fillintheblanksusing“prep+whom/which”.1.Th
13、ebook_Iheardwaswrittentwentyyearsago.2.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.3.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.of/aboutwhichto/withwhomduringwhich2021/8/9 星期一175.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.6.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.4.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.withwh
14、ichinwhichwithwhich7.Thelanguagepoint_youshouldpayattentionisveryimportant.towhich2021/8/9 星期一18Istillrememberthedays_wespenttogetherinBeijing.whichThatbluehouseistheplace_Ivisitedyesterday.whichDoyouknowthereason_hetoldmelastweek?whichI still remember the days _ we stayed together in Beijing.whenTh
15、at blue house is the place _ I lived yesterday.whereDo you know the reason _ he told me the news last week?why2021/8/9 星期一19Relativeadverbs:when,where,why先行词在定语从句中做状语先行词在定语从句中做状语2021/8/9 星期一201.Weusetherelativeadverbwhentobeginattributiveclausesafternounsliketime,moment,day,season,year等表时间的名词或代等表时间的
16、名词或代词词,Doyouremembertheday_weleftyouincharge?IneverforgetOct.1,1949_chairmanMaoclaimedPRCwasfounded.thedaywhenwhenOct.1,19492021/8/9 星期一212.Weusetherelativeadverbwheretobeginattributiveclausesafternounslikeplace,house,city,country,world等表地点的名词等表地点的名词Thepolicesearchedthehouse wherethethiefhadstayed.I
17、sShanghaithecity wherehewasborn?thehouse2021/8/9 星期一223.Weusetherelativeadverbwhytobeginattributiveclausesafterreason,cause.Idontknowthereason _thehouseissodirty.thereason whyIdontknowthecause_hewassorude.whythecause2021/8/9 星期一234.InmoreformalEnglish,when,whereandwhycanbereplacedbyapreposition+whic
18、h.Idontknowthecausewhy/of whichhewaslateforschool.Thestudyistheplacewhere/in whichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.Idontknowthereasonwhy/for which hewaslateforschool.2021/8/9 星期一24 the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial2021/8/9 星期一25Completeth
19、efollowingsentencesusingwhich/that,why,where,whenorpreposition+which(whom).1.Hangzhouistheplace_Iwentlastsummer.2.Hereadthebook_hissisterhadtoldhimabout.3.Thereason_Peterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.where/towhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhich2021/8/9 星期一264.Iremembertheday_myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsold
20、atthattime.5.Pleasegivemethereason_youwerelatethistime.6.Iwillgobacktotheplace_Igrewupandlivethereforever.when/onwhichwhy/forwhichwhere/in/atwhich2021/8/9 星期一27类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整。意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行
21、词词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that 作作宾语宾语时可以时可以省略省略不可以不可以省略省略2021/8/9 星期一28Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.He missed the show,which was real
22、ly a great pity.2021/8/9 星期一29Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.当先行词是当先行词是地名人名地名人名、世界上独一世界上独一无二的事物无二的事物或或家庭唯一成员家庭唯一成员时，通时，通常只用常只用非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingrapidly.2021/8/9 星期一30非限制性定语从句要注意：非限制性定语从句要注意：I.as 和和which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,代代替替整个主句整个主句。1.As every
23、one knows,China is a country with a long history.2 He missed the show,which was really a great pity.3.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.。4.He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.2021/8/9 星期一312.as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处不同之处在于：在于：(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于引导的定语从句可置于句首句首,而而which引导的定语从引导的定
24、语从句句不可放在句首不可放在句首。(2)as引导非限制性从句引导非限制性从句,常带有常带有“正如正如,正像正像”意思意思;which则则没有此意没有此意(3)as 代表前面的代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时整个主句并在从句中作主语时,定语从定语从句中的句中的谓语动词谓语动词必须是必须是系动词系动词或或be动词动词;若从句中的若从句中的谓语谓语为为行为动词行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用，则从句中的关系代词只能用which2021/8/9 星期一32Suchbooksyou_tellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplan_you.Heboughtthesameb
25、ook_you.Hesawthesamefilm_yousawyesterdayasasthatas1）当先行词被当先行词被such或或thesame修饰时，修饰时，关系词一般用关系词一般用as2)表表同一事物时同一事物时thesame后可用后可用that 3)suchthat引引导状语从句，意为：导状语从句，意为：如此如此以至于以至于注意注意：2021/8/9 星期一33 Practice1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.2.2.The weather turned out to be very
26、 good,_ was more than we could expect.3._ is expected,the England team won the football match.Aswhichwhich2021/8/9 星期一344.It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.5._ we can see,the smoke came from the little dustbin6.Wedothesamework_theydo.whichAsas2021/8/9 星期一351.1.指物时指物时只用只用
27、that 或或which 的情况的情况2.2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.3.as与与which的区别的区别4.4.如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词5.5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别6.6.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式7.7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题8.8.特殊句式的考察及对比特殊句式的考察及对比定语从定语从句常见句常见考点考点2021/8/9 星期一36 1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it
28、只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this2021/8/9 星期一37Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.Those_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词作先行词时时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.that与与who的区别的区别whowhowho2021/8/9 星期一38 如何判断用如何判断用
29、关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词2021/8/9 星期一39Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingr
30、epairednow.Thereason_heexplainedtomewasalie.Thereason_hewaslateisthathewasill.whenwhich/thatwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhy2021/8/9 星期一40Whose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。Doyo
31、uknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2021/8/9 星期一413.whose的先行词的先行词指物指物时时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow
32、2021/8/9 星期一42 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在定语从句中的动词在人称人称和和数数方面应该与它方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisam2021/8/9 星期一43 3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnott
33、heonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosingoneof+名（复数）名（复数）做先行词，做先行词，定语从句中定语从句中谓语谓语用用复数复数形式；形式；the(only)oneof+名（复数）名（复数）做先行词，做先行词，定语从句中定语从句中谓语谓语用用单数单数形式。形式。2021/8/9 星期一441）Idontliketheway_hetalkedtomeAinwhichBthatCDwhich2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeu
34、sed.AwhereBthatCofwhomDwhich特殊句式考察：特殊句式考察：ABCtheway 做做先行词先行词且在定语从句中且在定语从句中充当状语充当状语时，意为时，意为的方式的方式，关系词，关系词有有三种三种选择选择A先行词先行词是是situation（情形，形势情形，形势）,case（情况，情形情况，情形）,scene（场景场景）时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是inwhichthewaysituation2021/8/9 星期一453)Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.whatC.thatallD.allBD
35、定语从句中的定语从句中的allthat(此处作宾语此处作宾语that省略了省略了)与与what 等同等同4）Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.AallofthemBeitherofthemCallofwhichDbothofthat5)Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichCAall/both/either/neither/数词数词+of+which/whom+of+which/
36、whom引导非限定性定语从引导非限定性定语从句句2021/8/9 星期一466)Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?AwhereBthatCtowhichDtheoneDB7)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof_areouroldfriends.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.themCD，and注意注意标点符号标点符号和题干中是否存在和题干中是否存在并列
37、连词并列连词and,but等。等。the句式对比句式对比2021/8/9 星期一478）_ isknown,Chinaisabeautifulconutry._isknownthatChinaisabeautifulcountry.AItBAsCWhichDThat9）Sheisnolongerthegirl_sheusedtobe.Sheisnolonger_sheusedtobe.AthatBwhoCwhomDwhat,thatABthegirlAD注意注意句型句型不同。不同。2021/8/9 星期一48解题思路解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。等。2021/8/9 星期一492021/8/9 星期一50