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1、专题三专题三 议论文型完形填空议论文型完形填空专题三议论文型完形填空专题三议论文型完形填空2021/8/9 星期一1专题导读专题导读专题三专题三 专题导读专题导读 议论文是一种通过剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表议论文是一种通过剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表见解的文体。议论文型完形填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型；见解的文体。议论文型完形填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型；另一种是纯议论型。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件，提出感另一种是纯议论型。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件，提出感悟，得出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，悟，得出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，提出看法
2、。这种完形填空都有以下特点。提出看法。这种完形填空都有以下特点。1 1首句制胜，论点明确。首句制胜，论点明确。议论文型完形填空绝大多数都把文章主旨句作为首句。作者一议论文型完形填空绝大多数都把文章主旨句作为首句。作者一般在首句中提出论点，然后在各段首句提出分论点。般在首句中提出论点，然后在各段首句提出分论点。2021/8/9 星期一2专题三专题三 专题导读专题导读 2 2结构清晰，脉络有序。结构清晰，脉络有序。议论文型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。它们一议论文型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这一议论文的一般结构中。般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这
3、一议论文的一般结构中。能说明论据的主要内容，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点也可能说明论据的主要内容，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点也可以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。作以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。作者为使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，都会使用一些连接词。如：者为使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，都会使用一些连接词。如：on thecontrary,all in all,in short,generally,worse on thecontrary,all in all,in short,generally,worse still,on the other hand,i
4、n conclusion,as a still,on the other hand,in conclusion,as a consequence,hence,also,personally,further more,consequence,hence,also,personally,further more,definitely,surely,undoubtedly,obviously,definitely,surely,undoubtedly,obviously,additionally,besides,likewise,for the sake of,additionally,beside
5、s,likewise,for the sake of,firstlyfirstly等。等。2021/8/9 星期一3专题三专题三 专题导读专题导读 3 3按一定的方法论证。按一定的方法论证。议论文型完形填空是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的议论文型完形填空是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法论证方法有：归纳法(分析个别事物，引出共同点，得出结论分析个别事物，引出共同点，得出结论)；推理法；推理法(从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论)；对照法；对照法(正反对照，分析说明，得出结论正反对照，分析说明，得出结论)；驳论法；驳论法(阐述错误观点，阐述错
6、误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点逐条批驳，阐明观点)。从命题的角度看，呈现以下趋势。从命题的角度看，呈现以下趋势。1 1纯语法题和同义词辨析减少。纯语法题和同义词辨析减少。每一个小题的四个选项都是词性相同的词汇，而且时态、语态每一个小题的四个选项都是词性相同的词汇，而且时态、语态也相同，因此不必考虑词性、时态、语态等语法功能。虽然选也相同，因此不必考虑词性、时态、语态等语法功能。虽然选项词性相同，但意义却基本上有着较大区别。这样就避免考生项词性相同，但意义却基本上有着较大区别。这样就避免考生把大量时间和精力花费在同义词辨析上，而把时间和精力花在把大量时间和精力花费在同义词辨析上，而把时间和精力花在对
7、文章意义的理解上，突出了应用能力。对文章意义的理解上，突出了应用能力。2021/8/9 星期一4专题三专题三 专题导读专题导读 2 2词汇重复率减少，词眼互相呼应。词汇重复率减少，词眼互相呼应。3 3综合考查学生的经验、推理、推断能力。不只单纯考综合考查学生的经验、推理、推断能力。不只单纯考查语法，词汇知识，而是以考查这些知识的运用为核心，综合查语法，词汇知识，而是以考查这些知识的运用为核心，综合考查学生的生活经验，推理、推断等能力。考查学生的生活经验，推理、推断等能力。为此应做到：为此应做到：1 1多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯用法等。多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯用法等。2
8、 2词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。考查词汇的运用能力。3 3熟练的语法知识，尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题熟练的语法知识，尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识不但有助于快速理解文章的句子结构很少，但熟练的语法知识不但有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有帮助。和大意，对解题也很有帮助。2021/8/9 星期一5专题三专题三 专题导读专题导读 4 4注意结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提注意结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析和推理。供的信息进行理解、分
9、析和推理。5 5要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如让步关系、因果要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，以及加关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，以及加强对转换词语的运用能力的培养。强对转换词语的运用能力的培养。6 6要学会根据上下文的同义词线索、环境线索、对比线要学会根据上下文的同义词线索、环境线索、对比线索、因果线索、顺序线索等进行分析判断。索、因果线索、顺序线索等进行分析判断。2021/8/9 星期一6真题典例真题典例专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 2009 2009江苏卷改编江苏卷改编 The requirements f
10、or high school graduation have just The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must changed in my community.As a result,all students must _1 1_ sixty hours of service learning,or they will _ sixty hours of service learning,or they will not
11、receive a diploma.Service learning is academic not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community._learning that also helps the community._2 2_ of _ of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,w
12、orking in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.During working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.During a service experience,students must keep a journal(a service experience,students must keep a journal(日志日志)and then write a _and then write a _3 3_ about what they have learned._ about what the
13、y have learned.2021/8/9 星期一7专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 Supporters Supporters claim claim that that there there are are many many _4 4_ _ of of service service learning.learning.Perhaps Perhaps most most importantly,importantly,students students are are forced forced to to think think beyond beyond their their
14、own own interests interests and and become become _5 5_ _ of of the the needs needs of of others.others.Students Students are are also also able able to to learn learn reallife reallife skills skills that that include include responsibility,responsibility,problemsolving,problemsolving,and and workin
15、g working as as part part of of a a team.team._6 6_ _ ,students students can can explore explore possible possible careers careers through through service service learning.learning.2021/8/9 星期一8专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 For For example,example,if if a a student student wonders wonders what what teaching teach
16、ing is is like,like,he he or or she she can can choose choose to to work work in in an an elementary elementary school school classroom classroom a a few few afternoons afternoons each each month.month.While While there there are are many many benefits,benefits,opponents opponents(反反对对者者)_7 7_ _ pro
17、blems problems with with the the new new requirement.requirement.First,First,they they _8 8_ _ that that the the main main reason reason students students go go to to school school is is to to learn learn core core subjects subjects and and skills.skills.Because Because service service learning lear
18、ning is is timeconsuming,timeconsuming,students students spend spend _9 9_ _ time time studying studying the the core core subjects.subjects.Second,Second,they they believe believe that that forcing forcing students students to to work work without without _1010_ _ goes goes against against the the
19、law.law.By By requiring requiring service,service,the the school school takes takes away away an an individuals freedom to choose.individuals freedom to choose.2021/8/9 星期一9专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 In In my my view,view,service service learning learning is is a a great great way way to to _1111_ _ to to the
20、the community,community,learn learn new new skills,skills,and and explore explore different different careers.careers.However,However,I I don don t t believe believe you you should should force force people people to to help help othersthe othersthe desire desire to to help help must must come come
21、from from the the heart.heart.I I think think the the best best _1212_ _ is is one one that that gives gives students students choices:choices:a a student student should should be be able able to to choose choose sixty sixty hours hours of of independent independent study study or or sixty sixty hou
22、rs hours of of service.service.Choice Choice encourages encourages both both freedom freedom and and responsibility,responsibility,and and as as young young adults,adults,we we must must learn learn to to handle both wisely.handle both wisely.2021/8/9 星期一10专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例()1.A.spend B)1.A.spend Bgai
23、n Cgain Ccomplete Dcomplete Dsavesave()2.A.Subjects B)2.A.Subjects BIdeas Ideas C CProcedures DProcedures DExamplesExamples()3.A.diary B)3.A.diary Breport report C Cnote Dnote Dnoticenotice()4.A.courses B)4.A.courses Bbenefits benefits C Cchallenges Dchallenges Dfeaturesfeatures()5.A.careful B)5.A.c
24、areful Bproud proud C Ctired Dtired Dawareaware()6.A.Gradually B)6.A.Gradually BFinally Finally C CLuckily DLuckily DHopefullyHopefully()7.A.deal with B)7.A.deal with Blook into look into C Cpoint out Dpoint out Dtake downtake down2021/8/9 星期一11专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例()8.A.argue B)8.A.argue Bdoubt Cdoubt Co
25、verlook Doverlook Dadmitadmit()9.A.much B)9.A.much Bfull full C Cless Dless Dmoremore()10.A.cost B)10.A.cost Bpay pay C Ccare Dcare Dpraisepraise()11.A.contribute B)11.A.contribute Bappeal appeal C Cattend Dattend Dbelongbelong()12.A.decision B)12.A.decision Bpurpose purpose C Csolution Dsolution Dr
26、esultresult【解析】【解析】这是一篇议论文，文中主要分析了人们对高中毕业这是一篇议论文，文中主要分析了人们对高中毕业生必须修完生必须修完6060小时的社会实践活动的不同意见。支持者认为该小时的社会实践活动的不同意见。支持者认为该活动可以提升能力、积累经验、确定职业倾向等；而反对者认活动可以提升能力、积累经验、确定职业倾向等；而反对者认为这会减少学习核心科目和技能的时间。对此作者也给出了自为这会减少学习核心科目和技能的时间。对此作者也给出了自己的看法。己的看法。2021/8/9 星期一12专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 1 1C C对高中毕业生的要求应该是完成对高中毕业生的要求应该是完
27、成6060小时的社会实践，小时的社会实践，故应该用动词故应该用动词completecomplete。2 2D D根据语境可知，清理污染的河流、在汤店里工作、辅根据语境可知，清理污染的河流、在汤店里工作、辅导学生等，这些都是社会实践的一些例子，故选导学生等，这些都是社会实践的一些例子，故选D D。3 3B B从从“then”“then”可知这是在记日志之后的行为，故不应该可知这是在记日志之后的行为，故不应该选选diary“diary“日记日记”，note“note“笔记笔记”，notice“notice“通知通知”等词汇。根等词汇。根据常识应该是在日志的基础上完成一篇报告，故选据常识应该是在日志
28、的基础上完成一篇报告，故选B B。4 4B B支持者的观点，就应该是指出优点，而非缺点，故支支持者的观点，就应该是指出优点，而非缺点，故支持者看到的应该是益处，故选持者看到的应该是益处，故选B B。5 5D D通过参加社会实践活动学生们应该是不仅仅考虑自己通过参加社会实践活动学生们应该是不仅仅考虑自己的需要，也开始意识到他人的需要了，故应该用的需要，也开始意识到他人的需要了，故应该用aware,become aware,become aware of aware of 意识到。意识到。2021/8/9 星期一13专题三专题三 真题典例真题典例 6 6B B从一系列的活动中，学生们最终会探索出可
29、能的职业，从一系列的活动中，学生们最终会探索出可能的职业，故选故选B B。7 7C C根据语境应该是反对者指出一些问题，故选根据语境应该是反对者指出一些问题，故选C C。8 8A A反对者论述反对者论述“学生上学的主要原因是学习核心科目和学生上学的主要原因是学习核心科目和技能技能”，这里不可能用，这里不可能用“怀疑怀疑”、“忽略忽略”和和“承认承认”来表述，来表述，只能用只能用“争论，辩论争论，辩论”，故选，故选A A。9 9C C因为社会实践耗费时间，所以学生们只能花费更少的因为社会实践耗费时间，所以学生们只能花费更少的时间在核心学科上，故选时间在核心学科上，故选C C。10 10B B根据
30、语境，社会实践是学生必须参加的一项活动，因根据语境，社会实践是学生必须参加的一项活动，因此是没有工资的，反对者认为这是违反法律的行为，故选此是没有工资的，反对者认为这是违反法律的行为，故选B B。11 11A A依句意依句意“在我看来服务习得是一种贡献社会、学习新在我看来服务习得是一种贡献社会、学习新技能、探索不同职业的很好方式技能、探索不同职业的很好方式”可知答案选可知答案选A A。12 12C C根据常识可知，最好的解决办法应该是给学生们选择根据常识可知，最好的解决办法应该是给学生们选择的机会。的机会。2021/8/9 星期一14新题预测新题预测专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 For wo
31、men,life can be a balance between being a For women,life can be a balance between being a good mother,a good wife and a good lover,and good mother,a good wife and a good lover,and considering the demands of elderly parents later in considering the demands of elderly parents later in life.Combine the
32、se _life.Combine these _1 1_ with wanting to develop a _ with wanting to develop a career and what time do they have left for themselves?career and what time do they have left for themselves?Men are busy_ Men are busy_2 2_ enough to satisfy family _ enough to satisfy family requirements,which often
33、include additional_requirements,which often include additional_3 3_ for _ for childrens college or university.They are _childrens college or university.They are _4 4_ about _ about developing their own career while _developing their own career while _5 5_ to take in the _ to take in the requirement
34、of their partners.Again,what time do they requirement of their partners.Again,what time do they have for themselves?How do we solve these problems?have for themselves?How do we solve these problems?2021/8/9 星期一15专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 Activities and demands need to be balanced.Get rid Activities and demand
35、s need to be balanced.Get rid of what is not _of what is not _6 6_.When excessive(_.When excessive(过多的过多的)demands)demands are placed on you,say,No.are placed on you,say,No.At first it will be difficult,but as you start to At first it will be difficult,but as you start to get some equality(get some e
36、quality(平等平等)back into your life,you will)back into your life,you will feel better.In todays world,it is very easy to _feel better.In todays world,it is very easy to _7 7_ _ far more than one can manage.Just taking little Johnny far more than one can manage.Just taking little Johnny to football ever
37、y Sunday after taking his sister to to football every Sunday after taking his sister to netball on Saturday _netball on Saturday _8 8_ the whole weekend._ the whole weekend.2021/8/9 星期一16专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 Try a carpooling(taking turns driving each other Try a carpooling(taking turns driving each other
38、 to work,school,etc.)arrangement with a neighbor or to work,school,etc.)arrangement with a neighbor or friend who has a child doing the _friend who has a child doing the _9 9_ activities.This _ activities.This will allow you some time to yourself every other will allow you some time to yourself ever
39、y other weekend,at least.weekend,at least.If you do _ If you do _1010_ in finding some time for yourself,_ in finding some time for yourself,make sure you enjoy it.All the benefits of the time you make sure you enjoy it.All the benefits of the time you have _have _1111_ to get for yourself will be n
40、egated(_ to get for yourself will be negated(否定，否定，使无效使无效)if you feel guilty about _)if you feel guilty about _1212_ in the sun and _ in the sun and in the peace and quiet.in the peace and quiet.2021/8/9 星期一17专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测()1.A.hopes B)1.A.hopes Bwishes wishes C Cideas Dideas Dneedsneeds()2.A.work
41、ing B)2.A.working Bearning earning C Csmoking Dsmoking Dproducingproducing()3.A.costs B)3.A.costs Bclothes clothes C Cfood Dfood Dbooksbooks()4.A.eager B)4.A.eager Bsure sure C Cworried Dworried Dseriousserious()5.A.planning B)5.A.planning Bdeciding deciding C Cpreferring Dpreferring Dtryingtrying()
42、6.A.wanted B)6.A.wanted Bgot got C Cfound Dfound Dreceivedreceived2021/8/9 星期一18专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测()7.A.take out B)7.A.take out Btake down take down C Ctake on Dtake on Dtake uptake up()8.A.saves B)8.A.saves Bwastes wastes C Creduces Dreduces Dspendsspends()9.A.easy B)9.A.easy Bsame same C Cdifferent D
43、different Ddifficultdifficult()10.A.fail B)10.A.fail Bmake make C Cget Dget Dsucceedsucceed()11.A.managed B)11.A.managed Btried tried C Cwanted Dwanted Dplannedplanned()12.A.reading B)12.A.reading Bsitting sitting C Cworking Dworking Drunningrunning2021/8/9 星期一19专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 【解析】【解析】本文是纯议论形式的短文，全
44、文论述了每个人在这个世界上本文是纯议论形式的短文，全文论述了每个人在这个世界上都为了各自的角色忙碌，而留给自己的太少，正像人们所说的：都为了各自的角色忙碌，而留给自己的太少，正像人们所说的：为别人操劳一生，蓦然回首，发现留给自己的只是空空的皮囊。为别人操劳一生，蓦然回首，发现留给自己的只是空空的皮囊。本文中作者结合这一点提出了自己的解决办法。本文中作者结合这一点提出了自己的解决办法。1 1D D being a good mother,a good wife and a good being a good mother,a good wife and a good loverlover以及以及
45、considering the demands of elderly parentsconsidering the demands of elderly parents这些这些都是社会对妇女的需要。都是社会对妇女的需要。2 2B B 从空后的从空后的enough to satisfy family requirementsenough to satisfy family requirements，which often include additional for childrens which often include additional for childrens college or
46、 universitycollege or university我们可以推断作者认为男人要挣足够的我们可以推断作者认为男人要挣足够的钱来养家糊口，以及支付孩子的教育费用。钱来养家糊口，以及支付孩子的教育费用。2021/8/9 星期一20专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 3 3A A 从从childrens college or universitychildrens college or university可推知此答可推知此答案。案。4 4C C 他们担心自己的事业。他们担心自己的事业。B B项有较大干扰性，项有较大干扰性，be sure be sure aboutabout意思是意思是“确信
47、，对确信，对有信心有信心”，显然，显然B B项脱离了作者认为项脱离了作者认为男人也活得累的主题。男人也活得累的主题。5 5D D 同时他们也要满足同伴的需要。同时他们也要满足同伴的需要。take sth.in take sth.in 本意本意是是“承揽承揽”，在这里指，在这里指“满足满足”。6 6A A get rid of what is not wanted get rid of what is not wanted是均衡行为与需要是均衡行为与需要的方法。的方法。7 7C C 人们所能承担的远远超出他们现在做的。人们所能承担的远远超出他们现在做的。they can they can man
48、age manage 在这里指他们现在做到的。在这里指他们现在做到的。8 8B B在周末每天只做一件事那就浪费了整个周末。作者运在周末每天只做一件事那就浪费了整个周末。作者运用这个事例为下文教我们如何安排时间埋下伏笔。用这个事例为下文教我们如何安排时间埋下伏笔。2021/8/9 星期一21专题三专题三 新题预测新题预测 9 9B B the same activities the same activities 在这里指同时间、同路等能在这里指同时间、同路等能一起做的事情。一起做的事情。10 10D D“如果你的确能为自己找到空闲，如果你的确能为自己找到空闲，。”succeed”succeed
49、 in doing sth.in doing sth.意思是意思是“成功地做某事成功地做某事”。11 11A A 本句的结构有些复杂，本句的结构有些复杂，you have managed to get you have managed to get for yourselffor yourself为定语从句，修饰前面的为定语从句，修饰前面的benefitsbenefits。12 12B B 但如果你觉得悠闲地坐在阳光下是一种罪责的时候，但如果你觉得悠闲地坐在阳光下是一种罪责的时候，你所得到的这种好处就被否定了。显然，作者认为首先你要有享你所得到的这种好处就被否定了。显然，作者认为首先你要有享受意识，然后你才可以悠闲地消磨时光。受意识，然后你才可以悠闲地消磨时光。2021/8/9 星期一222021/8/9 星期一23