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1、Unit 7The RivalsText AFigure of speechn nsimile,simile,metaphor,metaphor,synecdoche synecdoche and and personification personification n n(1)the signified(1)the signified(本体本体本体本体)n n(2)(2)the signifier(the signifier(喻体喻体喻体喻体)n n(3)(3)similarity(similarity(相似点相似点相似点相似点)n n(4)(4)dissimilarity(dissimi
2、larity(相异点相异点相异点相异点)n nThe The growing growing savings savings and and loan loan scandal scandal is is a a time time bombbomb for for President President Bush Bush that that might might not not go go off off this this year year but but could could cause cause him him serious serious political politi
3、cal troubles by 1992.troubles by 1992.Simile:n nWords often used:like not unlike it was a bit like can be likened to as as if as though as it were be comparable to may be compared to similar to akin to be analogous to be something of n nTypes:descriptive,illustrative and illuminative n nI believe it
4、 was Mrs.Thatcher who introduced the idea of all the heads of government at the economic summits addressing each other by their first names.I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first economic summit in Ottawa in 1981.I waited for a lull in the meeting and said
5、,“My name is Ron.”n nThis very week the governing National Party had voted to open its membership to blacks,an organizational turnaround analogous to a P.L.O.recruitment drive among Jews.If not entirely dead,apartheid was clearly in the intensive-care unit with the oxygen turned off.n nCarlosCarlos
6、Lehder Lehder was was toto cocaine cocaine transportation transportation what/as what/as Henry Ford Henry Ford was was toto cars.cars.nWilly Loman(推销员之死的主角)is a myth.And his brother returns,as it were,almost from the dead.Hes another myth.Willy can barely remember his mother.Its as though he were dr
7、opped onto the earth from an eagles wing.A lot of my works goes to the center of the question of where we belong if there is any root to lifebecause nowadays the family is broken up,and people dont live in the same place for very long.Dislocation,maybe,is part of out uneasiness.Metaphor:(1)cognitive
8、Metaphor:(1)cognitive喻体认同本体喻体认同本体喻体认同本体喻体认同本体n nPolice work on inner-city streets(市中心贫民区)is a domestic Vietnam,a dangerous no-win struggle fought by confused,misdirected and unappreciated troops.n nWriting my autobiography was a pre-emptive strike(先发制人的行动).Three different biographers had inquired ab
9、out my co-operating with them,and the prospect of sitting talking to somebody for months was horrible.I figured I could write it more quickly myself and why filter it through somebody else?(2)(2)reflectivereflective通过用词来折射通过用词来折射通过用词来折射通过用词来折射The nation that sent more than 9 The nation that sent mor
10、e than 9 million people to college on the GI million people to college on the GI Bill is now pricing a college Bill is now pricing a college education out of reach of its young education out of reach of its young people.Instead,we have people.Instead,we have spawnedspawned(造就造就)an unskilled,poorly e
11、ducated an unskilled,poorly educated class that requires extensive social class that requires extensive social support and contributes little to the support and contributes little to the economy.economy.From being From being boss,guardian,nurseboss,guardian,nurse and and policemanpoliceman to Wester
12、n Europe to Western Europe since 1945,the U.S.now faces a since 1945,the U.S.now faces a future as a plain partner.The future as a plain partner.The tumbling barriers between the two tumbling barriers between the two halves of Europe and the end of the halves of Europe and the end of the cold war ha
13、ve cold war have widened the widened the AtlanticAtlantic,observes Dominique,observes Dominique Moisi Moisi of Frances Institute for International of Frances Institute for International Relations,“Europe seems farther Relations,“Europe seems farther away to the U.S.and vice versa.”away to the U.S.an
14、d vice versa.”Extension of metaphorExtension of metaphor隐喻的延伸隐喻的延伸隐喻的延伸隐喻的延伸n nUnchecked(Unchecked(肆肆无无忌忌惮惮)violence violence has has already already dulled dulled the the luster luster of of the the Big Big AppleApple.The The daunting daunting task task before before its its leaders leaders is is t
15、o to prevent prevent it it from from rotting rotting to the core.to the core.n nImage-makers,Image-makers,after after all,all,cannot cannot alter alter the the raw raw material material they they work work with:with:they can only they can only polishpolish it.it.n n“My My job job is is to to present
16、 present the the best best reality.reality.We We ignore ignore the the bad bad points points and and present present the the good.good.”But But the the reality reality cannot cannot always always be be pre-packaged pre-packaged in in this era of constant media attention.this era of constant media at
17、tention.SynecdocheSynecdoche提喻提喻提喻提喻n n(1)The part for the whole.n nHe has many mouths to feed in his family.(mouths=people)n nThe poor man is now left without a roof.(roof=house)n n(2)The whole for the part.n nThe birds sang to welcome the smiling year.(the smiling year=springtime)n nMy TV is out o
18、f order.(my TV=one or a few components of my TV)n n(3)The abstract for the concrete.n nAll the wit and learning of the world were assembled there.(the wit and learning=the wise and learned scholars)n nThere is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman.(the tiger=ferocity,the
19、 ape=shrewdness)Personificationn nCornell Hull,in the age of print,Cornell Hull,in the age of print,observed that observed that a lie goes halfway around a lie goes halfway around the world before truth has time to get the world before truth has time to get its trousers on.its trousers on.With telev
20、ision today,With television today,truth never truth never catches up with catches up with half-truth.half-truth.n n(考岱尔考岱尔 赫尔在印刷品时代曾经指出赫尔在印刷品时代曾经指出,真相还来不及穿上裤子真相还来不及穿上裤子,谎言已经走遍谎言已经走遍了半个世界。今天了半个世界。今天,在电视机的威力下在电视机的威力下,真相更难赶上半真半假的说词。真相更难赶上半真半假的说词。)n nJust as clothes can make the manJust as clothes can m
21、ake the man,office buildings often speak volumes office buildings often speak volumes about a company.That is the message of about a company.That is the message of the 1990s design-revolution,a the 1990s design-revolution,a movement that has prompted corporate movement that has prompted corporate Am
22、erica to abandon its stolid high-America to abandon its stolid high-risesrisesthe dull gray suits of the dull gray suits of architecturearchitecturefor more flamboyant for more flamboyant skylines.(skylines.(正如人靠衣装一样，办公大正如人靠衣装一样，办公大楼也往往能充分说明一家公司的个性。楼也往往能充分说明一家公司的个性。这正是这正是9090年代设计革命带来的信息。年代设计革命带来的信息。
23、这个趋势已促使美国企业舍弃冷漠无这个趋势已促使美国企业舍弃冷漠无味的摩天大楼，放弃像暗灰色正式套味的摩天大楼，放弃像暗灰色正式套装般的建筑物，转而寻求更艳丽的建装般的建筑物，转而寻求更艳丽的建筑物在天空映衬下的轮廓线。筑物在天空映衬下的轮廓线。)n nTo a kid,a savings account is just a black hole that swallows birthday checks.n nDragging Space and Time Dragging Space and Time The results of two studies announced in early
24、 November The results of two studies announced in early November 1997 provide unprecedented support for“frame-1997 provide unprecedented support for“frame-dragging,”a concept predicted by physicist Albert dragging,”a concept predicted by physicist Albert Einsteins general theory of relativity.Frame-
25、dragging Einsteins general theory of relativity.Frame-dragging describes how massive objects actually distort space and describes how massive objects actually distort space and time around themselves as they rotate.One of the time around themselves as they rotate.One of the studies examined frame-dr
26、agging around black holes,an studies examined frame-dragging around black holes,an example of which is shown here in an artists conception.example of which is shown here in an artists conception.destination(p1)n nA popular holiday destination 旅游胜地n nLondon seems destined to lose some of its best tal
27、ents.n nThe Song sisters knew they were destined for great things.n nsend products destined for Saudi Arabia.n nWe are masters of our own destiny.Companion(p1):sb you spend time with or are traveling withn nFred has been her constant for the last 5 years.n nMy traveling n nCpanyn nCompany:the state
28、of having other people with you,usu.Pleasant.n nRoss always enjoys the of women.n nIm grateful for their on my way back.n nYou are in good,for the prime minister made a similar slip before.n n（不必觉得丢脸，因为名人也如此）n nhave ;in ;keep ;in with sb;keep with sbn nKuwait,in with other Gulf oil states,is concern
29、ed to avoid any oil price shocks.Resume(p1):restart againn nAfter the war he d his studies at Princeton,an Ivy League college.n nThe search d after 2 days.n n seat or positionn n“I,”he d,“would never”n nresumption:the of negotiations 恢复谈判Exertion(p1):use in a strong or determined way(a formal use)n
30、nExert influence,authority,or pressuren nHe exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the community on these issues.n nYoungsters get so absorbed in on-line surfing that that they dont know how much they are exerting themselves,visually and mentally.n n(Make great physical and mental effort)
31、Betray(p1):show a feeling or quality without intending to流露n nHe nodded his head,saying nothing lest his voice him.n nBetray 背叛n nWe the ideals of our country when we support capital punishment.n nI wont his confidence,and Ill keep my word.n nThe group of informers d the secret plan to the Germans.A
32、rouse(p1)n n a reaction or attitude in sbn n a feeling or instinct in sbn nBe d:feel sexually excitedn nSth you:feel angryn nSth you from sleepn nThere is nothing like a crisp,dry sherry西班牙酒 to the appetite.n nTheir black presence d public resentment in the exclusively white neighborhood.Infallibly(
33、p1):never wrong;without failn nAlthough he was experienced,he was not infallible.n nNever trust the exaggerated views of the infallibility of computers counting ability.They do make mistakes.The thoughts buzzed around Mr(p1):make a continuous sound like a been nAttack helicopters ed across the city.
34、n nA few tourist were ing about.(move around quickly and busily)n nTop style consultants will leave you ing with new ideas.n nThe capital is ing with rumors/Olympic preparations.nA of excitement filled the court-room as the defendant was led in.Refreshment(p1):新鲜感；点心n nThe lotion cools and s the ski
35、n.n nMany view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and friendship.n nAllow me to your memory.n nRefresh coursesn nIt made a refreshing change.n ns will help you with the journey.Pitch(p2):throw with force and aim it carefully;fall forward suddenly and with forcen nPitch the ball(in baseball
36、)Pitch the ball(in baseball)n nStagger and then pitch headfirst into Stagger and then pitch headfirst into the lakethe laken nThis could the government into This could the government into confrontation with the work-force.confrontation with the work-force.n nHe raised his voice to an even higher He
37、raised his voice to an even higher.(.(声音的高低声音的高低)n nThe competitors all worked The competitors all worked themselves up themselves up to ato a very very high high.(to a.(to a high level)high level)Count on sb for(p2):expect it to happen;rely on sb for support or helpn nHe is counting on winning seat
38、s and perhaps a share in the new government.n nI always count on you to cheer me up.Make a point of doing(p2):do it in a very deliberate and obvious wayn nShe made a point of spending as much time as possible away from her parents.Infringe(p2):breaking a law or a rule;interfere with peoples rightsn
39、nThe film exploited his image and ed his copyright.n nThey see it as an ment on their own freedom of action.Alternative(p3):a choice replacing other optionsn nNew ways to treat arthritis关节炎 may provide an to painkillers止痛片.n nYou had a right to seek employment.n n health care(a method very different
40、 from usual ones)Dare bet(p7):(normal and modal verb)n nHe to take unpopular,but principled stands at times.n nTokyo not raise its interest rates again.(modal verb)n nOver coffee,she lit a cigarette,her eyes daring him to comment.n nDont you dare go anywhere else,you hear?n nHow dare you eavesdrop o
41、ur conversation?n nI dare say thatTo the best of(p8)n nTo the best of my abilities/abilityn n尽我所能n nTo the best of my recollectionn n尽我所能回忆Consist of(p8):be formed fromn nMy diet consists almost exclusively of vegetables and milk.n nHis crew consists of strong men.n nHis work as a consultant consist
42、s in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.(haveas the main or only part)n nLeaders of rivals factions Leaders of rivals factions composecompose the council.the council.n nThe force The force is composed ofis composed of troops troops from NATO countries.from NATO countries.n nTh
43、e four companies The four companies constituteconstitute the the AramcoAramco partnership.(be constituted partnership.(be constituted means be established)means be established)n n The cabinet The cabinet comprisescomprises/is is comprised ofcomprised of congressional leaders.congressional leaders.n
44、nThe multitude of ideas,ambitions The multitude of ideas,ambitions and regrets and regrets comprisecomprise the culture of the culture of Russia today.Russia today.In so far as(p16):insofar as:explain In so far as(p16):insofar as:explain and add to and add to sth sth you have just saidyou have just
45、saidn nWe are entering a period of less danger insofar as the danger of nuclear war between the superpowers is less.Detachment(p20):no emotional involvement or interest n nHe tries to remain emotionally detached from the prisoners,but fails.n nElizabeth viewed his work with a cynical detachment.Laun
46、ch out(p22):launch into a speech,task,or fightn nGeoff has launched himself into fatherhood with great enthusiasm.n nLaunch a rocket,missile,or satelliten n a ship,lifeboatn n a large activity,a military attackn n a new product Is bubbling with a feeling(p39):so full of the feeling that you may expr
47、ess the way you feel to everyone aroundn nHe was quite tireless,bubbling over with vitality.n nShe came to the phone bubbling with excitement.Sensational(p46):causing great excitement and interestn nThe world champion suffered a defeat.n n tabloid newspaper reports大肆渲染disclosure(p47):giving new or secret informationn nThe public is shocked by insufficient and deliberate concealing of negative information about Anron.n nUnauthorized newspaper s未获批准未经授权的消息披露