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1、英国文学史A Brief Survey of British Literature华北科技学院英语专业教研室李云瑾WhatisLiterature?“writtencompositionsthattellstories,dramatizesituations,expressemotions,andanalyzeandadvocateideas.”If winter comes,can spring be far behind冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（P241）All the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players:They
2、 have their exits and their entrances;And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages.At first the infant,Mewling(低泣；咪咪叫)and puking(呕吐)in the nurses arms.And then the whining(抱怨）school-boy,with his satchel（小书包）And shining morning face,creeping like snailUnwillingly to school.And t
3、hen the lover,Sighinglikefurnace,withawoefulballadMadetohismistresseyebrow.Thenasoldier,Fullofstrangeoathsandbeardedlikethepard,Jealousinhonour,suddenandquickinquarrel,SeekingthebubblereputationEveninthecannonsmouth.Andthenthejustice,Infairroundbellywithgoodcaponlined,Witheyessevereandbeardofformalc
4、ut,Fullofwisesawsandmoderninstances;Andsoheplayshispart.ThesixthageshiftsIntotheleanandslipperdpantaloon,Withspectaclesonnoseandpouchonside,Hisyouthfulhose,wellsaved,aworldtoowideForhisshrunkshank;andhisbigmanlyvoice,Turningagaintowardchildishtreble,pipesAndwhistlesinhissound.Lastsceneofall,Thatends
5、thisstrangeeventfulhistory,Issecondchildishnessandmereoblivion,Sansteeth,sanseyes,sanstaste,sanseverythingLet life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.ITisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.LiteraryGenreNovel，Novella，sh
6、ortstory(Fiction)Drama,(play)Dramalist(playwright)Poetry,PoetEssay(Essayist)prose-verseWhattolearninthiscourse?1historicalandculturalbackground/literarymovement2.lifestoryofthemasters3.masterpiecesintroductionandfeatures4.someimportantliteraryterms.70%:finalexam30%attendanceassignmentsperformance/pa
7、rticipationPart1EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureEarly:Early”heremeansEnglishliteratureinprimitiveandslaverysociety.Medieval“Medievalperiod”isaquitespecialperiodinEnglishhistory.InChinese“Medieval”or“TheMiddleAge”means“中世纪”.Youmayhearsomethingaboutthisperiod.Itisnamed“TheMiddleAge”becauseitwasconsid
8、eredasthetimebetweenancientworldandthemodernworld.Here“Medieval”meansEnglishliteratureinfeudalEnglandbeforetheRenaissance.Chapter1TheMakingofEnglandMaking:形成组成Stonehenge(巨石阵）（史前巨石阵）About5,000yearsagoThemostfamousprehistoricmonumentandtouristattractionBriton（不列吞人）：atribeofCelts大约从公元前500年开始，凯尔特人（Celts
9、）从欧洲大陆进犯并占领了不列颠诸岛。凯尔特人最初居住在今天德国南部地区，是欧洲最早学会制造和使用铁器和金制装饰品的民族；在征服不列颠之前，他们曾征服了今天的法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利等地区；来到不列颠后，一部分凯尔特人在今天的爱尔兰和苏格兰定居下来，其余的一部分占领了今天的英格兰的南部和东部。NativesofBritaintallandgolden-hairedCeltsfromCentralEuropefarmerswarlikepeopleRoman Britain(55 B.C.-410A.D.)Roman Invasion（Conquest）InvasionTimeInvaders
10、155and54B.CRomanEmperorJuliusCaesar243A.D.RomanEmperorClaudius皇帝（Empror）和国王（King）两个词，在欧洲历史上有着截然不同的定义。“国王”从一开始就指世袭专制君主，而“皇帝”在拉丁文中最早是“将军”“军事统帅”的意思。因此，罗马帝国的君主可以自称“皇帝”，但绝不能自称“国王”因为从理论上，罗马皇帝的权威来自人民和元老院，是元老院授权的首席元老、执政官、军事统帅、护民官和大祭司，并不是“世袭专制君主”。EnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanEmpirefornearly400years.Ro
11、man CivilizationExtraordinaryachievementinbuildingroads“AllRoadsLeadtoRome”HadriansWall(哈德良长城）Englandsgreatwall2000yearsago410A.D.alltheRomantroopswentbacktothecontinentandneverreturned.Question:WhichperiodoftimeinBritishhistoryshouldbenamedRomanperiod.TheEnglishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion.In44
12、9A.D.,afterthefalloftheRomanEmpireandthewithdrawalofRomantroops,theaboriginal(native&primitive)CelticpopulationofthelargepartoftheislandwassoonconqueredandalmostexterminatedbytheTeutonicorGermanictribescalledAngles,SaxonsandJutes,whooriginallylivedtothesouthofDenmarkonthecontinentfromtheNorthSeatoth
13、eBalticSea.TheycrossedtheNorthSea,drovetheCeltswestandnorthtoWales,IrelandandScotlandandtookpossessionofthesouthernhalfoftheisland.Angles,Saxons and Jutes invasion and occupation of BritainThe aboriginal Celtic population was driven westward.Anglo-Saxon Britain(410-871)TheAnglo(盎格鲁）,Saxon（撒克逊）,andJu
14、te（朱特）tribesinvaded5thand6thcenturiesTheAnglo-SaxonslefttheirhomeinnorthernGermanyandDenmark.Introduction to British and American CultureLanguageOldEnglish(印欧语系日耳曼语族）SocialConditionofAnglo-SaxonTribalsocietyfeudalismReligiousBeliefHeathenChristianized In A.D.597,the first missionaries传教士 led by St.A
15、ugustine came to England from Rome and converted使皈依;使改变信仰 King Ethelbert of Kent,and within a century(in 7th century)all England was Christianized.PrimitiveinhabitantsCelts-Roman-Anglo-Saxon3).BeowulfIt can be justly termed Englands national epic and its hero Beowulf-one of the national heroes of th
16、e English people.epicAnextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,celebratingthefeatsofalegendaryortraditionalhero.史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩Author:an unknown scribeTime:10th CenturyContent:the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning of the 6th CenturyParts:3128 l
17、ines,2 partsBeowulfThestoryofBeowulfStructuredbybattlesTellmewhatarethethreebattles(P3)FirstbattleBeowulf-GrendelSecondbattleBeowulf-GrendelsmotherThirdBattleBeowulf-firedragonBeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-Saxonsfromtheircontinentalhomes.FeaturesofBeowulfAlliterationmetaphorAlliteratio
18、n（押头韵）（押头韵）“head rhyme首韵”definition:alliterationreferstotherepetitionofaparticularsoundinthefirstsyllablesofaseriesofwordsand/orphrases.Pride&Prejudice傲慢与偏见Moreexamples？e.g.nowandneverasdeadasadoornailPennywise,poundfoolish.Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew。和风吹荡，水花飞溅。Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance.我滑动
19、，我流淌，我暗淡，我闪光。Alliteration:“Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland,For their heros passing,his hearth-companionsQuoth that of all the kings of earth,Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest,keenest to praise.”“head rhyme首韵”FindouttheAlliterationonP4Metaphor(隐喻隐喻)Definit
20、ion:Afigureofspeechinwhichanimpliedcomparisonismadebetweentwounlikethingsthatactuallyhavesomethingincommon.Ametaphorexpressestheunfamiliarintermsofthefamiliar.e.g.1.Mylifeisonelongcurve,fullofturningpoints.2.Myheartisalonelyhunterthathuntsonalonelyhill.(2)metaphorsmetaphors:eg.king=“Ring-giver”sea=“
21、swans bath”&“whales road”ship=“sea-wood”Understatement（低调陈述）：（低调陈述）：definition:Afigureofspeechinwhichawriterorspeakerdeliberatelymakesasituationseemlessimportantorseriousthanitis.e.g.1.Iamjustgoingoutsideandmaybesometime.(CaptainLawrenceOates,beforewalkingoutintoablizzardtofacecertaindeath,1912)2.It
22、sjustafleshwound.(BlackKnight,afterhavingbothofhisarmscutoff,inMonty Python and the Holy Grail)“Not troublesome”=very welcome attendant=“hearth-companions”“Need not praise”=right to condemnAllthesebringanimpressionofreserveandatingeofironicalhumorwhichhasbecomepermanentcharacteristicsoftheEnglish.谨慎客气讽刺幽默Assignments1Readwhatwehavelearnedtoday.CeltRomanAnglo-SaxonepicPlotsSummaryofBeowulfalliteration2 Preview 1 Chapter3&Chapter5Key Words：Norman Conquest/knights/Romance/King Arthur/Ballad/Robin Hood2 Read the Ballad:Get Up and Bar the DoorThank you!