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1、Unit 19 LanguageBodylanguage【文章导语】Whatdoyouknowaboutbodylanguage?Doyouknowbodylanguageisalwayswithusevenifyouarenotawareofit?Wearealwaysusingbodylanguageinourdailylife.Whenwehaveaconversationwithsomeone,wemaybeusingmorebodylanguagethanwords.However,thesamebodylanguagemaymeandifferentthingsindifferen
2、tcountries.Thatswhypeoplesometimesdonotunderstandeachothercorrectly.1Pointingtoonepartofthebodycanmeandifferentlyindifferentcultures.2Forexample,intheUSApeoplepointtotheirheadswhentheythinksomeoneisclever.However,inEuropeitmeans“Heorsheisstupidorsomethingiswrongwithhisorherhead”.InourChineseculture,
3、noddingourheadupanddownmeans“yes”andshakingourheadfromsidetosidemeans“no”.However,inpartsofIndia,GreeceandTurkey,itmeansjusttheopposite.InEnglandortheUSA,whenyouraiseyourhandandmakeacirclewiththethumbandthesecondfinger,itmeans“YoureallrightorEverythingisOK”.However,ifwedothisinFranceorBelgium,itmean
4、s“Youreworthzero”.InGreeceorTurkey,weshouldnotmakethisgesture.Orwearethoughttobeveryrude.Themeaningofbodylanguagecanalsochangeovertime.Inthe1960s,theVsignmeant“peace”.However,duringWorldWar,itmeant“victory”.InGreece,itisaveryinsulting(污辱性的)sign.Thoughthemeaningofbodylanguageisdifferent,therearesomee
5、xpressionshavingthesamemeaningthroughouttheworld,suchassmilingandcrying.译文在日常生活中我们一直在使用身体语言。当我们和别人说话时,我们使用的身体语言可能比口头语言还要多。然而,相同的身体语言在不同的国家可能表示不同的含义。那就是有时候人们无法准确理解对方的原因。指向身体的一部分在不同的文化中也表示不同的含义。比如在美国,当美国人认为一个人很聪明的时候会指向自己的头。然而,在欧洲这意味着“他/她很傻或者脑袋有问题”。在我们中国的文化中,点头表示“是”,摇头表示“不”。然而,在印度、希腊和土耳其的部分地方,其意义正好相反。在
6、英国或美国,当你把手举起来,用拇指和食指围成圆圈状,它的意思是“你很好或者一切都不错。”然而,同样的动作在法国或比利时表示“你一文不值”。在希腊或土耳其,我们不应该做出这样的手势。否则别人会认为我们很粗鲁。身体语言的含义也会随着时间而变化。在20世纪60年代,V形表示“和平”。然而,在二战期间它表示“胜利”。在希腊,这是一个侮辱性的手势。虽然身体语言的含义有所不同,但是有些表情在全世界具有相同的含义,比如微笑和哭泣。典句欣赏1.Thatswhypeoplesometimesdonotunderstandeachothercorrectly.那就是有时候人们无法准确理解对方的原因。2.Point
7、ingtoonepartofthebodycanmeandifferentlyindifferentcultures.指向身体的一部分在不同的文化中也表示不同的含义。理解诱思1.InEngland,ifpeoplepointtotheirheadsitmeanstheythinksomeoneis.A.cleverB.stupidC.rudeD.angry2.InIndia,ifonenodshisheadupanddown,itmeanshe.A.doesntagreeB.agreeC.ishappyD.issad3.InFrance,ifyouraiseyourhandandmakeaci
8、rclewiththethumbandthesecondfinger,itmeans“”.A.youarecleverB.everythingisOKC.itistrueD.youareworthnothingBAD4.Whichcountrysbodylanguageismostdifferentfromourusualthinking?A.France.B.England.C.Greece.D.India.5.WhatdidtheVsignmeaninthe1960s?CItmeant“peace”.Section Warm-up&Lesson 1Language Learning一二三四
9、五六七八Pre-reading一、词义匹配AB1.folda.freedom2.acquisitionb.thesubjectsthataretaughtinaschool3.fluencyc.thestateofbeingexactorcorrect4.accuracyd.inallpartsofacountry5.punctuatione.tobendsth.sothatonepartliesontopofanotherpart6.royalf.connectedwithorbelongingtothekingorqueenofacountry7.nationwideg.enoughinq
10、uantity8.constitutionh.arestaurantinwhichcustomerscollecttheirmealsontraysfromacounter一二三四五六七八9.liberty i.asetofideasthatexplainwhysth.happens10.junglej.thequalityofbeingabletospeakorwritealanguagefluently11.cafeteriak.themarksusedinwritingtodividesentences12.theoryl.tomakesth.happenfaster;togofaste
11、r13.curriculumm.anareaofforest14.adequaten.theactofgettingsth.,especiallyknowledge,askill,etc.15.mediumo.awayofcommunicatinginformation16.acceleratep.thesystemoflawsandbasicprinciplesacountryisgovernedby答案：1.e2.n3.j4.c5.k6.f7.d8.p9.a10.m11.h12.i13.b14.g15.o16.l一二三四五六七八二、猜词拼写1.beingawayfromaplace2.to
12、succeedingettingsth.;toreachaparticularage,levelorcondition3.tomakesure4.topromise;apromise5.tochangesth.tomakeitmoresuitable6.totellsb.aboutsth.7.tobeallaround8.gratefulandgladaboutsth.absentattainensureguaranteeadjustinformsurroundthankful一二三四五六七八9.coveringthewholeworld10.ageneraltendency11.aperio
13、doftenyears12.tomakesth.bigger;tobecomebigger13.aspokenorwrittenstatementthatinformspeopleofsth.14.aresultyoutrytoachieve;sb.orsth.thatpeopleaimatwhenattacking15.thecrimeofstealingglobaltrenddecadeenlargeannouncementtargettheft一二三四五六七八三、词汇拓展1.n.流利度,流畅度adj.流利的,流畅的adv.流利地,流畅地2.n.精确度,准确度adj.准确的,精确的adv.
14、准确地,精确地3.adj.为感到高兴的;感谢的(近义词)4.v.折叠;交叉v.展开;打开5.n.缺乏;缺席adj.缺席的,不在的adj.出席的,在场的n.出席,在场6.n.语言习得vt.获得,习得adj.逐渐习得的fluencyfluentfluentlyaccuracyaccurateaccuratelythankfulgratefulfoldunfoldabsenceabsentpresentpresenceacquisitionacquireacquired一二三四五六七八7.vt.达到;获得n.达到,获得adj.可以达到的,可以获得的8.vt.环绕,围绕adj.周围的n.环境9.n.媒
15、介物;渠道pl.10.vt.调节;调整adj.可调节的n.调整,调节11.vt.告知,通知n.信息12.n.通告;宣告vt.宣布,通告attainattainmentattainablesurroundsurroundingsurroundingsmediummediums/mediaadjustadjustableadjustmentinforminformationannouncementannounce一二三四五六七八While-reading四、短语互译1.突出,显眼2.取得成功,获得进步3.在不在的时候4.被环绕/包围5.一个讲英语的国家6.依靠,依赖7.确保8.大量的standou
16、tgetaheadin/duringtheabsenceof或during/inonesabsencebesurroundedwith/byanEnglish-speakingcountryrelyonmakesureanamountof一二三四五六七八9.taketheformof10.adjustoneselfto11.informsb.ofsth.12.aswell13.beworth14.keepinmind采取的形式适应通知某人某事也值得记住一二三四五六七八五、阅读课文,选择最佳答案1.WhyhavemoreandmorepeopledecidedtolearnEnglishinre
17、centyears?A.Becausetheythinkitiscooltoknowanewlanguage.B.BecauseEnglishisacompulsorycourseinschools.C.BecausethegrowthofinternationalcompaniesandthegreatadvanceincommunicationsmakepeoplerealizetheyneedtolearnEnglishasaforeignlanguage.D.BecauseEnglishiseasiertomasterthananyotherlanguage.C一二三四五六七八2.Ac
18、cordingtosometheories,whatisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage?A.Learningaforeignlanguageinitsnativelanguageenvironment.B.Rememberingallthewordsinthedictionary.C.Practisingitinyourdailylifeasmuchasyoucan.D.WatchingEnglishmoviesandlisteningtoEnglishsongs.3.WhatshouldteachersdotohelpstudentslearnEnglis
19、hintheclassroom?A.LetstudentsmemorizesomeEnglishpassages.B.TrytoexplaintheEnglishgrammarclearly.C.TellsomeEnglishjokestomakestudentsinterestedinEnglish.D.Trytocreatearichlanguageenvironmentintheclassroom.AD一二三四五六七八4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Setachievabletargetsandaskyourfr
20、iendstomotivateyou.B.UseallyoursparetimetostudyEnglish.C.Ifyoureachatarget,treatyourself.D.LearnEnglishwithyourfriendsandsharelearningstrategieswitheachother.5.WhenyoulearnEnglish,whatdoyouneedtokeepinyourmindtostaydedicated?A.Yourtargets.B.ThetimeyouspendonEnglish.C.ThereasonwhyyouarelearningEnglis
21、h.D.ThemethodsofstudyingEnglish.BC一二三四五六七八六、指出下列复合句中的从句并判断其句法功能1.Whathesaidisntreasonable.2.Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.3.WewereallsurprisedbythenewsthataterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan.4.IhavenoideawhatIshoulddonext.5.HetoldusthattheEarthmovesaroundtheSun.Whathesaid;主语whatheusedtobe;表语thataterribl
22、eearthquakehappenedinJapan;同位语whatIshoulddonext;同位语thattheEarthmovesaroundtheSun;宾语一二三四五六七八七、用合适的连接词完成下列名词性从句1.BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.2.Thereisclearevidencethemostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.3.Iamafraidhesmoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichisheneverfinishesanythin
23、g.4.Weveofferedherthejob,butIdontknowshellacceptit.5.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatitsdifficulttomakeoutitisheistryingtoexpress.Whatthatwhywhetherwhat一二三四五六七八6.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfirst.7.Whenthenewscamethewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.8.Modernsciencehasgivenc
24、learevidencesmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.9.Itisstillunderdiscussiontheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.10.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvioustheproblemitselfis.howthatthatwhetherwhat一二三四五六七八Post-reading八、阅读课文Get ahead with your English,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式It1.(predict)tha
25、tasearlyasthe1700s,Englishwouldonedaybethegloballanguageandithasprovedtobethecaseinthelastfewdecades.The2.(grow)ofinternationalcompaniesandthegreatadvanceincommunicationhavestartedthetrendforlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguage.Intodaysworld,3.(be)abletospeakmorethanonelanguage,4.(include)English,ishow
26、youstandoutandgetahead.waspredictedgrowthbeingincluding一二三四五六七八However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultinthe5.(absent)ofanativelanguageenvironment.Some6.(respect)scientistsonlanguage7.(acquire)believethat8.(attend)ahighleveloffluencyandaccuracyinaforeignlanguage,youneedtobe9.(surroun
27、d)byit.Butsadly,thechances10.wewillallhavetheopportunitytoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountryaresmall.Therefore,mostofushavetorelyonwhatwecanlearnatschoolaspartoftheschoolcurriculum.absencerespectedacquisitiontoattendsurroundedthat12345671.A person folds his arms across his chest.(Page 5)一个人双臂交叉在胸前。考点fo
28、ld v.折叠;交叉【高考典句】(2017全国卷)Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.这些小块可以折叠成一个整齐的小背包,系在你的腰带上。Hefoldedtheseedsinapieceofpaper.他用一张纸把种子包起来。First,foldthepaperintwo/half.首先把这张纸对折。1234567考点延伸unfoldvt.展开,打开Heunfoldedhisarms.他张开双臂。Heunfoldedthenewspaperandreadit.他展开报纸,读了起来。1234567(1)fo
29、ld以考查词义为主。(2)foldup折起;叠好foldsth.intwo/half把对折foldsth.insth.用把包起来1234567123456712345672.However,learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.(Page 6,Lines 8-9)然而,没有英语语言环境,学英语是很难的。考点absence n.缺乏;缺席Ishallbeinchargeintheabsenceofthemanager.经理不在
30、的时候,由我负责。Themistakewasmadeduetohisabsenceofmind.因为他的心不在焉才犯了这个错。1234567考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性、词组及含义Alotofpeoplewereabsentfromthemeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.词性词组含义Mostfatherswishtobepresentatthebirthoftheirchildren.词性词组含义Hehardlynoticedmypresence.词性 含义 形容词beabsentfrom缺席形容词bepresentat在场,出席名词出席,在场1234567(
31、1)intheabsenceof(sb./sth.)在(人)不在时;在(物)缺乏时in/duringonesabsence在某人不在时absenceofmind心不在焉absencefromclass缺课;不在(2)absentadj.缺席的,不在的;心不在焉的absent-mindedadj.健忘的,心不在焉的(3)presentadj.在场的,出席的12345671234567123456712345673.Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluen
32、cy and accuracy in a foreign language,you need to be surrounded by it.(Page 6,Lines 9-11)一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为,要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性,你得置身于该语言的环境中。考点一acquisition n.(语言)习得Lifeisaprocessabouttheacquisitionofknowledge,wealthandhappiness.生命就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。Languageacquisitionisalongprocess.语言的习得是一个很长的过程。1234567考
33、点延伸acquirevt.获得,得到Weshouldtrytoacquiregoodhabits.我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。Wehopetoacquiretheknowledgeinthehappiness.我们希望在快乐中获得知识。acquisition和acquire主要考查词义。1234567考点二attain vt.达到;获得Indiaattainedindependencein1947,afteralongstruggle.印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。Mostofourstudentsattainedfive“A”gradesintheirexams.我们多数学生的考试
34、成绩是五个A。Thecarcanattainaspeedofupto200kph.这辆车的速度每小时可达200千米。1234567考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义Thisstandardiseasilyattainablebymoststudents.词性含义Theattainmentofhisambitionisstilladream.词性含义形容词可达到的名词获得,达到1234567(1)attain主要考查词义。(2)attainonesgoal/purpose达到某人的目标/目的attaintheageof达到的年龄1234567考点三fluency n.流利度,流畅度Fl
35、uencyinFrenchandSpanishisrequiredforthisjob.这个工作要求法语和西班牙语熟练自如。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义SheisfluentinChinese.词性含义JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofwhichshespokefluently.词性含义形容词流利的副词流利地1234567fluency主要考查词义和同根词。1234567考点四accuracy n.精确度,准确度Theyquestionedtheaccuracyoftheinformation.他们质疑信息的准确性。考点延伸阅
36、读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义Ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymoreaccurateandmorereliablethantelevision.词性含义Thearticleaccuratelyreflectspublicopinion.词性含义形容词精确的,准确的副词精确地,准确地1234567accurate主要考查词义和相关同根词。1234567考点五surround vt.环绕,围绕Whenhebecameconscious,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyalotofpeople.当他醒来时,他发现自己
37、被许多人围着。Helikestosurroundhimselfwithamusingpeople.他喜欢结交有趣的人。Thefiremensurroundedtheburningbuilding.消防员们包围了燃烧的建筑物。Thevillageissurroundedby/withmountains.这个村子四面环山。1234567考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义Helivesinthesurroundingarea.词性含义【高考典句】(2017江苏卷)Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessenti
38、alskillforoursurvival.词性含义形容词周围的,附近的名词环境,周围的事物1234567(1)surround主要考查词义和单词形式。(2)surroundsth.withsth.用某物把某物围起来surroundoneselfwithsb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)besurroundedby/with被包围1234567123456712345671234567123456712345674.Quality input ensures quality output,whether it is speaking or writing.(Page
39、6,Lines 19-20)不管是说还是写,高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。考点ensure vt.确保,保证Themedicinewillensureyouagoodnightssleep.这药会保证让你睡一夜好觉。Hiswifeensuredthathetookallthepillseveryday.他的妻子确保他每天都服下所有的药片。Icannotensurehisbeingontime.我不能保证他会准时。1234567【高考典句】(2017浙江卷)Otherssayitsonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,
40、seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.另一些人则认为,新人学习东道国的语言是很自然的,他们认为这是一种确保他们能为社会做出贡献的条件。(1)ensure主要考查词义。(2)ensuresth.确保某事ensuresuccess/safety确保成功/安全ensuresb.sth.使(某人)一定得到(某物);保证得到ensurethat.确保(3)近义词组:makesure1234567123456712345675.Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee
41、 greater comprehension when reading in English.(Page 6,Lines 31-32)阅读前了解文章大意将会保证你在用英语阅读时理解得更好。考点guarantee vt.保证n.保证,保修单,保修期Evenifyoucompleteyourtraining,Icantguaranteeyouajob.即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你能有工作。【高考典句】(2016天津卷)OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage.我们的标准课程
42、保证你在学外语方面的信心会有很大的提高。Iguaranteetopayoffhisdebts.我保证还清他的债务。Theyguaranteetheshoesforhalfayear.Thatistosay,theshoeshavehalfayearsguarantee.Sotheyarestillunderguarantee.这鞋子他们保修半年。也就是说,有半年的保修期。所以它们还在保修期内。1234567考点延伸beguaranteedtodosth.肯定会,必定会Ifwetrytokeepitasecret,sheisguaranteedtofindout.如果我们试图保密,她肯定会发现。
43、(1)guarantee的词义和用法都是考点。(2)guaranteesth.保证某物,保修某物guaranteesb.sth.保证某人(有)某物guaranteetodosth.保证做某事ayearsguarantee一年的保修期underguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguarantee向某人保证12345671234567123456712345676.Watching a favourite DVD,but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.(Page 6,Lines 33-34)观看最喜欢的D
44、VD,把你所熟悉的部分的语言调整为英语。考点adjust vt.调节;调整;适应Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestinationstime.例如,当你登上飞机后,你要开始按照目的地的时间调整生物钟。Adjustyourlanguagetotheageofyouraudience.要根据听众的年龄调整你的语言。Inthenewterm,moststudentsadjustedthemselvestotheirnewteachersveryquickly.在新学期,大多
45、数学生很快就适应了他们的新老师。Foreignerstakesometimetoadjusttoourwayoflife.外国人要花一些时间才能适应我们的生活方式。1234567考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义Theheightofthebicycleseatisadjustable.词性含义Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustmentsinagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.词性含义形容词可调节的名词调整1234567(1)adjust的词义和介词to的搭配以及相关派生词都是考点。(2)adjust.to.根据调节a
46、djustto(doing)sth.适应于;习惯于adjustoneselftosth.使自己适应于某事12345671234567123456712345677.Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.(Page 6,Lines 37-38)把你的目标告诉朋友,这样他们也会鼓励你。考点inform vt.告知,通知Ifaskedtolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.如果你被要求照看别人的行李,立刻通知警察。Itwascon
47、siderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.迈克真是体贴,他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。1234567HeinformedmethathewasgoingtoEuropeonbusiness.他告诉我他要因公出差去欧洲。Pleasekeepmeinformedofyourhealth.请随时让我知道你的健康状况。Weneedtimetoinformourselvesoftheproblem.我们需要时间了解这个问题。考点延伸与“informsb.ofsth.”结构相似的词组还有:accusesb.of.因而指控/指责某人s
48、uspectsb.of.怀疑某人remindsb.of.使某人想起warnsb.of.提醒某人robsb.of.抢了某人1234567(1)inform的词义、用法和派生词都是考点,其中keepsb.informedofsth.属于难点。(2)informsb.of/aboutsth.通知/告诉某人某事informsb.that.通知/告诉某人keepsb.informedof/about随时向某人报告情况informoneselfofsth.了解某事(3)well-informedadj.消息灵通的ill-informedadj.消息闭塞的(4)informaladj.非正式的1234567
49、1234567语法指南名词性从句(Noun Clause)一、定义在句子中起名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。二、分类根据它们在句中所起的语法作用,这类从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.主语从句引导主语从句的有连词that,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever;连接副词when,where,how,why等。1234567Thatshepassedtheexammadehimmuchpleased.她通过了考试使他很高兴。Whomyourdaughterlovesisclea
50、rnow.你女儿爱谁现在清楚了。Whatheneedsismoreexperience.他所需要的是更多的经验。Whentheywillcomehasntbeenmadepublic.他们何时来还没公开。1234567联想拓展上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但是有时主语从句放在句首时,会使句子显得不合理,特别是主语从句太长时,会有“头重脚轻”的感觉。因此,我们常用it做形式主语,而把主语从句挪到句子的后面去。形式主语it的句型有以下五种:It+be+过去分词(known,said,thought,expected,reported,etc.)+that从句Itssaidthattheyhav