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1、英语词法和句法与高考英语语法填空模拟题英语语法手册英语词法和句法1.词法(morphology)词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。2.句法(syntax)句法研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律。英语语法手册词类和句子成分的关系在句子里，一定的句子成分由一定的词类来担任。现将哪些句子成分通常由哪些词类来担任列述如下：主语：名词和代词Beijingisthecapitalofourcountry.北京是我国的首都。(名词Beijing作主语)Sheisfo
2、ndofsports.她爱好运动。(代词She作主语)谓语动词：动词Mybrotherrides.hisbicycletowork.我哥哥骑自行车上班。(动词rides作谓语动词)表语：名词、代词和形容词Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是个医生。(名词doctor作表语)ThelessoniseasyandShort.这课书又容易又短。(形容词easy和short作表语)Thatclassroomisours，那个教室是我们的。(代词ours作表语)宾语：名词和代词Ilovemusic.我热爱音乐。(名词music作宾语)Themedicineisgoodforher.这药对她有效
3、。(代词her作宾语)定语：形容词LiHongisanexcellentteacher.李红是一位好老师。(形容词excellent作定语)状语：副词OurmonitordoeswellinEnglish.我们班长英语学得好。(副词well作状语)英语语法手册短语、从句和句子短语(phrase)具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词，叫做短语。短语在句子里可以单独作为一个句子成分。短语的种类很多，但本书只用下列几个短语名称：不定式短语(infinitivephrase)如He1ikestoreadnewspapersafterlunch(他喜欢在午饭后读报)中的toreadnewspapers
4、afterlunch。动名词短语(gerundialphrase)如：Stayingindoorsalldayisunhealthy(整天呆在家里不利于健康)中的staymgindoorsallday。c)分词短语(participialphrase)如：Isawmanypeoplewalkingalongthelake(我看见许多人在湖边散步)中的walkingalongthelake。介词短语(prepositionalphrase)如：Hecamebybus(他乘公共汽车来)中的bybus。从句(clause)内含主语部分和谓语部分，表达一定的概念，但不成为一个独立句子的一组词，叫做从句
5、。从句在句子里可以作为一个句子成分，一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分;主语从句(subjectclause)如WhatIwanttosayisthis(我要说的是这么一点)中的whatIwanttosay。say。表语从句(predicativeclause)如ThisiswhatIwanttosay(这是我要说的)中的whatIwantto宾语从句(objectclause)如IhavesaidwhatIwanttosay(我说完了我要说的话)中的whatIwanttosay。定语从句(attributiveclause)如This
6、isthethingIwanttosay(这就是我要说的)中的Iwanttosay。状语从句(adverbialclause)如Ifyouwanttosaysomething，sayitclearly(假如你要说什么，就应说清楚)中的ifyouwanttosaysomething。句子(sentence)内含主语部分和谓语部分，有比较完整的意义的一组词，叫做句子。从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：a)简单句(simplesentence)只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分，如：Tomsfatherworkedfrommorningtillnightbuthegotverylittlemoney.汤姆
7、的父亲从早干到晚，但挣得的钱很少。ItsalongtimesinceIsawyoulast.好久没有看见你了。从说话人说话的目的来看，句子可分为：a)陈述句(declarativesentence)用来叙述一件事，如：感叹句(exclamatorysentence)表示喜怒等各种情感，如：Whatabeautifulvoiceshehas!她嗓子多好啊!高考英语语法填空模拟题一Myfavouriteseasoniswinter.YoureprobablythinkingImslightlymadafterall,whodoesntlovesummer?Winter,in1.(it)ownway
8、,iswonderful.Foranyonewhostillneedstobeconvinced,letmeexplain2.Ilovewinter.Theweathergetsnoticeablycolder:themorningsareoftenfrostyandthenightsclosetofreezing.Ilikethecoldweatherforme,theressomethingniceaboutwearingathickwintercoatwithascarfand5.(glove).AlongwithcountlessschoolchildrenacrosstheUK,Ig
9、etvery6.(excite)aboutthethoughtofsnow.Afewyearsagotherewasalotofsnowandmanyschoolshadthedayoff.Snowballfightsaregreatfunandmanyfamiliesenjoy7.(build)snowmentogether.IloveawhiteChristmas;8.(unfortunate)thisdoesnthappenoftenintheUK.ThroughoutDecember,manychurchesandschoolsholdcarolconcerts:lotsof9.(tr
10、adition)songsaresung.Christmasdinnerismyfavouritemealoftheyear.Inmyhouse,Christmasdinnerusually10.(include)turkey,potatoesandlotsofvegetables,followedbyChristmascake,piesandlotsofchocolate!二(think)aboutmytimeinFrance,InoticedquiteafewdifferencesbetweentheFrenchandtheEnglish.InFrench,therearetwoways2
11、.(say)you:tuistheinformalform,while“vous”istheformalform.WhenIlearntFrench,I3.(teach)tocalleveryonevousunlesstheyweremyfamilyorafriend.SoIwassurprisedthat4.(actual)everyoneinFranceusedtuallthetime.ButIcontinuedtousevousbecauseIdidntwantpeopletothinkIwasbeing5.(polite).Tobehonest,ImthankfulthatinEngl
12、ishwedonthavetoworryaboutthesethings!SchoolchildrenintheUKtraditionallywearaschooluniformbutinFrancepupilsdonotwearauniform.Itwasacultureshock6.metoseechildrenwearingSpidermanT-shirtsandbaggybluejeanswhileintheclassroom.Thefinaldifferencewhichstruckmewasthe7.(relax)attitudeatschool.Teacherswereneverin8.rush,andthechildrenandteachersaregivenlongbreaksandlotsoftimetoeat9.(they)lunch.ThisisacontrasttotheUK,10.theschooldaymightseemtobefilledwithpressure.Ifoundthedifferencespuzzlingattimes,butIcannotdenywhatagreatopportunityitwastoliveinanothercountry.