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1、 否定句的翻译否定句的翻译 3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.1全部否定3.5.2部分否定3.5.3双重否定3.5.4意义上的肯定3.5.5含蓄否定3.5.6转移否定 3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.1全部否定(1)Whetheranyofthiscausesimmediateharmisnotknown.(2)Neverisaluminumfoundfreeinnature.(3)Agashasneitherdefinitevolumenordefiniteshape.3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.2部分否定(1)Allthesemetalsarenotgoodconduc
2、tors.(2)Everycolorisnotreflected.(3)Both the instruments are notpreciseones.3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.3双重否定(1)Sodiumisneverfounduncombinedinnature.(2)There has not been a scientist ofeminencebutwasamanofindustry.(3)Aradarscreenisnotunlikeatelevisionscreen.3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.4意义上的肯定常 见 结 构 有：nothing like,ca
3、nnot too,no/not/nothing+more+than,no/not/nothing+less+than等。(1)Thereisnothinglikemineralwatertoquenchonesthirst.(2)ThesescientistscouldnotbelievetheCuriesmore.(3)Nolessthan25percentofthecropsarepolluted.3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.5含蓄否定动词和动词短语：avoid,deny,exclude,fail,ignore,lack,miss,neglect,overlook,keep/pr
4、event/protect/savefrom,refuse,stop3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.5含蓄否定名词：absence,deficiency,exclusion,failure,loss,neglect,refusal形容词和形容词短语：farfrom,few,freefrom,ignorantof,last,little,safefrom,shortof3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.5含蓄否定副词：hardly,rarely,scarcely,seldom,vainly介词及介词短语：above,at issue with,behind,below,beneath,
5、beside,beyond,butfor,indefaultof,indefectof,inplaceof,invain,insteadof,off连词：before,but,butthat,ratherthan,tooto,unless3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.5含蓄否定(1)Itisthelasttypeofmachineforsuchajob.(2)Avacuum,whichistheabsenceofmatter,cannottransmitsound.(3)Beyondacertainpointthepilingupofevidenceaddsmerequantity,w
6、ithoutalteringtheresult.3.5否定句的翻译否定句的翻译3.5.6转移否定(1)The engine did not stop becausethefuelwasfinished.(2)Theplanetsdonotgoaroundthesunatauniformspeed.(3)Thecompassneedledoesnotpointtruenortheverywhereonearth.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.1数字的表达和翻译3.6.2英语中数字修饰语的翻译3.6.3数量增加的翻译3.6.4数量减少的翻译3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.
7、6.1数字的表达和翻译tenthousandtenthousand，onehundredthousandonehundredthousand，onemilliononemillion，tenmilliontenmillion，onehundredmilliononehundredmillion，onebilliononebillion，tenbilliontenbillion，onehundredbilliononehundredbilliononetrilliononetrillion3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.2英语中数字修饰语的翻译1.1.用用用用flat,cool,s
8、harp,exactly,whole,justflat,cool,sharp,exactly,whole,just修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数字。(1)(1)ProfessorProfessor SmithSmith finishedfinished thethe experimentexperiment inintwenty-twenty-fourhoursflat.fourhoursflat.(2)(2)Thephysiciantreatedcool30patientsthatday,.Thephysiciantreatedcool30patientsthatday,.(3)(3)
9、Theplanetakesoffat7oclocksharp.Theplanetakesoffat7oclocksharp.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.2英语中数字修饰语的翻译2.2.用用用用 about,about,some,some,around,around,round,round,approximately,approximately,closelyto,nearly,towardscloselyto,nearly,towards修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数字。(1)(1)Itisnearly/toward(s)4oclock.Itisnearly/towar
10、d(s)4oclock.2 2）Accordingtotheweatherman,thetemperatureAccordingtotheweatherman,thetemperaturewillbeupto5willbeupto5.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.3.用用用用moremorethan,than,odd,odd,over,over,above,above,exceed,exceed,upwardsupwardsof,of,ormore,higherthan,inexcessoformore,higherthan,inexcessof修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数字。修饰数
11、字。(1)(1)PigironisanalloyofironandcarbonwiththePigironisanalloyofironandcarbonwiththecarboncontentmorethantwopercent.carboncontentmorethantwopercent.(2)(2)UpwardsUpwards ofof sevenseven thousandthousand medicalmedical workersworkershavehaveleftfortheearthquakedistrict.leftfortheearthquakedistrict.(3)
12、(3)ThepatientsarechildrenofthreeyearsoldandThepatientsarechildrenofthreeyearsoldandupwards.upwards.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译4.用under,below,less,lessthan,nomorethan,shortof,off,to,within,asfewas修饰数字。(1)Ittookthreeyearslessthanonemonthforthemtodevelopthenewmaterial.(2)Heliumintheairisalittleunder1%.3.6数字和倍数
13、的翻译数字和倍数的翻译5.用full,solid,at least,all of,no less than,as.as修饰数字。(1)TheycoveredfulltwentyreferencesourcesonAIDSinasingleday.(2)Themotorran450soliddaysonend.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译6.用only,merely,barely,scarcely,but,atmost,nomorethan,scant修饰数字。(1)Thatsolar-energycarweighsonly/merely/barely/scarcely/but500k
14、g.(2)Inspectiontimefortheinstallationwasnomorethan2hours.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译7.用fromto,betweenand修饰数字。(1)The energy of the wasted by thereciprocatingsteamengineisbetween80and(to)85percent.(2)Theladlerefiningtimetakesonaveragebetween3and4hoursdependingonthetreatmentrequired.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.3数量增
15、加的翻译1.(1)Thissubstancereactsthreetimesasfastastheother.(2)Thislineisbytwotimeslongerthanthatone.(3)Mercuryweighsmorethanwaterbyabout14times.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.3数量增加的翻译2.“as+adj.(adv.)+againas”和“againas+adj.(adv.)+as”译成“是的两倍”，“比多一倍”(1)Thiswireisaslongagainasthatone.(2)Thiswireisagainaslongasthato
16、ne.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.33.6.3数量增加的翻译数量增加的翻译3.“v.v.+n ntimes”,times”,“v.“v.+byby+n ntimes”,times”,“v.“v.+toto+n ntimestimes“,“,“v.“v.+n n-fold”-fold”,“v.“v.+bybya afactorfactorofof+n”n”译译 作作“增加到增加到 倍倍”，“增加了（增加了（n-1n-1）倍倍”。(1)(1)ThesalesofindustrialelectronicproductshaveThesalesofindustrialelectron
17、icproductshavemultipliedsixtimes.multipliedsixtimes.(2)(2)By1999theproductionofprimarycopperhasBy1999theproductionofprimarycopperhasincreasedfivefold.increasedfivefold.(3)(3)TheThedraindrainvoltagevoltagehashasbeenbeenincreasedincreasedbybya afactorfactorofof4.4.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.3数量增加的翻译4.(by)
18、n+单位（或n%）,n照译。(1)Theoutputwentup45000tons.(2)Theproductionhasincreasedby45%.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.3数量增加的翻译5double-2倍treble-3倍quadruple-4倍quintuple-5倍sextuple-6倍septuple-7倍octuple-8倍(1)Thenewairportwilldoublethecapacityoftheexistingone.(2)Thecompanyquadrupledoutputtoaround20milliontons.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字
19、和倍数的翻译3.6.3数量增加的翻译6“anincreaseofn”,“anincrease“,n照译。(1)Thereisanincreaseof4.5milliontonsofsteelascomparedwithlastyear.(2)There is a 25%increase of steel ascomparedwithlastyear.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.4数量减少的翻译1“byn(n%),“nless(than)”，数字照译。(1)100decreasedby90is10.(2)Theoutputdecreasedby40%.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字
20、和倍数的翻译3.6.4数量减少的翻译2.“byntimes”,“ntimes“,“byafactorofn“,“ntimesas+adj.(adv.)+as“,“减少了n分之(n-1)”或“减少到n分之1”。(1)Theprimecosthasdecreasedbythethreetimesasagainst1949.(2)The pre-heating time for the new typethermalmeterisshortened5times.3.6数字和倍数的翻译数字和倍数的翻译3.6.4数量减少的翻译3.“to+n(n%)”“减少到n(n%)”(1)Theoutputwasre
21、ducedto45000tons.(2)Thepollutionwasreducedto25%.3.7汉语四字格在翻译中的使用汉语四字格在翻译中的使用(1)Asthenamesays,thegrowthretardantisachemicalservingtoretardplantgrowth.(2)Owing to the frequency of collisionsbetweenmolecules,theirmotionsareentirelyatrandom.(3)In general,the design procedure is notstraightforwardandwillr
22、equiretrailanderror.(4)Thenewcomputersareindeedcheapandfine.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.1顺序法3.8.2逆序法3.8.3分句译法 3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.1顺序法(1)Eachchemicalelementhaditsnumberand fixed position in the table,and fromthis it became possible to predict itsbehavior:how it would react with otherelements,whatkindofcompoundsit
23、wouldform,andwhatsortofphysicalpropertiesitwouldbe.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.1顺序法(1)In the not-too-distant future,computerswill probably give on every aspect offarming-whichcropstoplant,whenandwheretoplantthem,howmuchandwhattypes of fertilizer to use,and when andwheretomarketthecrops.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.2逆序法(1)
24、Thisiswhythehotwatersysteminafurnacewilloperatewithouttheuseofawaterpump,ifthepipesarearrangedsothatthehottestwaterriseswhilethecoldestwaterrunsdownagaintothefurnace.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.2逆序法(2)Ironrustsatitsexposuretotheopenaironaccountofthecorrosionmadebythedestructivechemicalattackofametalcoming into
25、 contact with such media asair,waterandmoisture.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.3分句译法(1)The isolation of the rural worldbecauseofdistance and the lack of transportfacilitiesiscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.3.8长句的翻译长句的翻译3.8.3分句译法(2)Manufacturing process may beclassifiedasunitproductionwithsmallquantitiesbeingmadeandmassproductionwithlargenumbersofidenticalpartsbeingproduced.