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1、Unit5MaintainingaSharpEyeNewPracticalEnglishReturnedScholar-RunBusinessesPromoteHi-TechReturntoHomeCountry:AThirty-YearPerspectivefromNigeriaNewPracticalEnglishUnit5MaintainingaSharpEyeRelated InformationRelated Information1Intensive Study Intensive Study 2PracticePractice3NewPracticalEnglishUnit5Re
2、latedInformationIntroductiontoNigeriaBackgroundFollowingnearly16yearsofmilitaryrule,a new constitution was adopted in 1999,andapeacefultransitiontociviliangovernmentwascompleted.Thepresidentfaces the daunting task of rebuilding apetroleum-basedeconomy,whoserevenueshavebeensquanderedNewPracticalEngli
3、shthroughcorruptionandmismanagement,andinstitutionalizingdemocracy.Inaddition,theOBASANJOadministrationmustdefuselongstandingethnicandreligioustensions,ifitistobuildasoundfoundationforeconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability.DespitesomeirregularitiestheApril2003electionsmarkedthefirstciviliantransferofpo
4、werinNigeriashistory.GeographyLocation:WesternAfrica,borderingtheGulfofGuinea,betweenBeninandCameroonUnit5RelatedInformationNewPracticalEnglishArea:total:923768sqkmwater:13000sqkmland:910768sqkmClimate:varies;equatorialinsouth,tropicalincenter,aridinnorthNaturalresources:naturalgas,petroleum,tin,col
5、umbite,ironore,coal,limestone,lead,zinc,arablelandPeople:133881703Unit5RelatedInformationNewPracticalEnglishGovernmentCountryname:conventionallongform:FederalRepublicofNigeriaconventionalshortform:NigeriaGovernmenttype:republictransitioningfrommilitarytocivilianruleCapital:AbujaIndependence:1October
6、1960(fromUK)Unit5RelatedInformationNewPracticalEnglishEconomyoverview:Theoil-richNigerianeconomy,longhobbledbypoliticalinstability,corruption,andpoormacroeconomicmanagement,isundergoingsubstantialreformunderthenewcivilianadministration.Nigeriasformermilitaryrulersfailedtodiversifytheeconomyawayfromo
7、verdependenceonthecapital-intensiveoilsector,whichprovides20%ofGDP,95%offoreignexchangeearnings,andabout65%ofbudgetaryrevenues.Thelargelysubsistenceagriculturalsectorhasfailedtokeepupwithrapidpopulationgrowth,andNigeria,oncealargenetexporteroffood,nowmustimportfood.Unit5RelatedInformationNewPractica
8、lEnglishFollowingthesigningofanIMFstand-byagreementinAugust2000,Nigeriareceivedadebt-restructuringdealfromtheParisClubanda$1billioncreditfromtheIMF,bothcontingentoneconomicreforms.TheagreementwasallowedtoexpirebytheIMFinNovember2001,however,andNigeriaapparentlyreceivedmuchlessmultilateralassistancet
9、hanexpectedin2002.Nonetheless,increasesinforeignoilinvestmentandoilproductionkeptgrowthat3%in2002.Thegovernmentlacksthestrengthtoimplementthemarket-orientedreformsurgedbytheIMF,Unit5RelatedInformationNewPracticalEnglishsuchasmodernizationofthebankingsystem;tocurbinflationbyblockingexcessivewagedeman
10、ds;andtoresolveregionaldisputesoverthedistributionofearningsfromtheoilindustry.Whentheuncertaintiesintheglobaleconomyareaddedin,estimatesofNigeriasprospectsfor2003musthaveawidemarginoferror.Unit5RelatedInformationNewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudyImportantWords&PhrasesTextDifficultSentencesNewPr
11、acticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudyReturntoHomeCountry:AThirty-YearPerspectivefromNigeria1In1968,duringmylastyearinmedicalschoolinLagos,Nigeria,IwenttotheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicine,Rochester,NewYorkonaone-yearpre-doctoralFellowship.TheexperiencewassofascinatingandrewardingthatIdecidedImustr
12、eturntotheUSforresidencytraining.Sooneyearlater,Itookupaseniorpost-doctoralFellowshipattheUniversityofChicagoSchoolofMedicine.NewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudy2DuringmystayinChicago,thewholeworldopenedforme.With my training and qualifications,job offers from allnooksandcranniescametome.Thetempt
13、ationtostayandmakeacareerintheUS,aswasbecomingfashionableatthattime,was very great particularly since all my attempts atsecuring a suitable position at home did not meet with anymeasureofsuccess.However,Ineverhadanyseriousthoughtsabout not going back home.First,I knew and felt that mycountryneededme
14、morethanthedevelopedcountriesliketheUS.IalsoknewthatinmycountryIwouldbeafirstclasscitizenandbemorerelevant.NewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudy 3Attheendof1975,Itooktheplungeandreturnedhomewithoutanyjoboffers,determinedtofindwork.Mygamblepaidoffbecause our dynamic military ruler at thattimewasakee
15、nnewspaperreaderwhosawasatirical article about me in a newspaperdescribingmeasamanover-qualifiedtobeemployed.Employmentcameafewdayslater.ItisveryunlikelythatthePresidentoftheUSwouldbeinapositiontoinviteme,aNigerian,insuchcircumstancesandoffermeajobifIwerestillintheUS.Thisimmediatelyjustifiedoneofthe
16、reasonsIinsistedoncomingbackhomedespitethefactthatjobsandlifewererosierabroad.NewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudy4ThefirstshockafterIreturnedhomewasthepaucityofthesalaryandthebackwardnessoftheinfrastructureandqualityofliving.IfoundIwasoverqualifiedforthejobIwasofferedandmyscientifictrainingwastoo
17、high-poweredforthekindoflaboratoriesorfundsavailable.However,Idecided to put into use whatever part of my training wasapplicable rather than continue my research into themolecularnature ofhormones.Isetupasmalllaboratorythatmademeasurementofhormonesavailabletothewholecountryforthefirsttime.Ihavealso,
18、basedonexperiencegainedfromtheUS,setupatertiaryhospitalintheprivatesector,theonlyonetobequotedintheStockExchange.NewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveStudy5 The contributions I have been able to make in mynativecountryhaveearnedmemanyaccolades:PresidentoftheWestAfricanCollegeofPhysicians,Pro-Chancelloro
19、fa University,Chairman of the Board of a large FederalHospital,internationalawardsincludingadirectFellowshipawardbytheAmericanCollegeofPhysicians.Tohavethekind of lifestyle I have in Nigeria,e.g.several cars,chauffeurs,cooks,stewards,nanniesandaMediterraneantypehome,NewPracticalEnglishUnit5Intensive
20、StudyIwouldneedtomakemillionsofdollarsayearintheUS.Idontmakeanythingnearthishereathome.IknowthatonlyasmallnumberofcolleagueswhostayedbackintheUSortheUKevencomenearmyachievementsathome,whereasaverylargenumberofpeoplewhoreturnedhomehaveexcelledandbecomegreatachievers.NewPracticalEnglishUnit5IntensiveS
21、tudy6 Although one cannot stop human migration(whichinfactmightbebeneficialtothehumanrace),myadvicetothosewhogoabroadfortrainingisthattheyshouldreturn and helpdevelop their country.Insodoingtheywilldevelopthemselves,andwiththeirskills,accumulatefameandperhapsfortunefarinexcessofwhattheymayachieveabroad.Theinitialadvantageofasettledlifeabroadwillbeovertakenbythefactthatintheendpeopletendtoachievegreaterheightathomethanabroad.