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1、IntroductiontoCloudComputing2008-08LimingLContentWhatiscloudcomputingCloudcomputingdiscriminateCloudcomputingtechnologyCCloudComputingnewITbuzzwordCloudcomputing,atbacksideofthisbuzzword,isaconceptliketheflowerintheglass.Everyenterpriseandperson,wanttoexplainthisconceptbytheirownbenefits.But,ifgivea
2、neutraldefinitiontoit,Cloud computing definitionCloudcomputingisaresourcedeliveryandusagemodel,itmeansgetresource(Hardware,software)vianetwork.ThenetworkofprovidingresourceiscalledCloud.ThehardwareresourceintheCCloudcomputingandtechnologyNewadvancesinprocessors,virtualizationtechnology,distributedst
3、orage,broadbandInternetaccess,automatedmanagementandfast,inexpensiveservershaveallcombinedtomakecloudcomputingacompellingparadigm.Thisvastprocesspowerisusuallygotwithadistributed,large-CloudcomputingimpactAsaresult,cloudcomputinghasthepotentialtoupendthesoftwareindustryentirely,asapplicationsarepurc
4、hased,licensedandrunoverthenetworkinsteadofausersdesktop.Thisshiftwillputdatacentersandtheiradministratorsatthecenterofthedistributednetwork,asprocessingpower,electricity,bandwidthandstorageareallmanagedremotely.Itaffectsnotonlybusinessmodels,buttheunderlyingarchitectureofhowwedevelop,deploy,Content
5、WhatiscloudcomputingCloudcomputingdiscriminateCloudcomputingtechnologyCCloud computings brother buzzwordsCloudcomputingisbecomingoneofthenextindustrybuzzwords.Andithasmoreorlessrelationwiththesewords:gridcomputing,utilitycomputing,virtualization,servercluster,Dedicatedserver,Colocation.Cloudcomputin
6、ginfrastructureusuallyusevirtualizationtechnology,andisbuiltbasedonaservercluster,havenaturerelationtogridcomputingandutilitycomputing,andisusetocompetewithDedicatedserverandCUtility computingUtilitycomputingisabusinessmodelofprovidingcomputingresource，usergetandusethecomputingresourcefromservicepro
7、viderandpayforpracticallyusedresource.Tosayitsimply,itisapricemodelbasedonresourceusagequantity.Themainbenefitofutilitycomputingisbettereconomics.Corporatedatacentersarenotoriouslyunderutilized,withresourcessuchasserversoftenidle85percentofthetime.Thisisduetooverprovisioningbuyingmorehardwarethanisn
8、eededonaverageinordertohandlepeaks(suchastheopeningoftheWallStreettradingdayortheholidayshoppingseason),tohandleexpectedfutureloadsandtoprepareforunanticipatedsurgesindemand.Utilitycomputingallowscompaniestoonlypayforthecomputingresourcestheyneed,Comparison of Utility Computing and Cloud ComputingUt
9、ilitycomputingisabusinessmodel,itisatypeofpricemodeltodeliverapplicationinfrastructureresource.Cloudcomputingisacomputingmodel,relatestothewaywedesign,build,deployandrunapplicationsthatoperateinasharingresourcesandboastingtheabilitytodynamicallygrow,shrinkandself-heal.Utilitycomputingisoftenneedaclo
10、udcomputinginfrastructure,butnotmustneed.Sameness,abovethecloudcomputing,wecanadoptutilitycomputing,and,wecanadoptotherpricemodel.MonitorMeterBillingPayUtilitycomputingCDistributedComputingDistributedcomputingdealswithhardwareandsoftwaresystemscontainingmorethanoneprocessingelementorstorageelement,c
11、oncurrentprocesses,ormultipleprograms,runningunderalooselyortightlycontrolledregime.Indistributedcomputing，aprogramissplitupintopartsthatrunsimultaneouslyonmultiplecomputerscommunicatingoveranetwork.Distributedcomputingisaformofparallelcomputing,butparallelcomputingismostcommonlyusedtodescribeprogra
12、mpartsrunningsimultaneouslyonmultipleprocessorsinthesamecomputer.Bothtypesofprocessingrequiredividingaprogramintopartsthatcanrunsimultaneously,butdistributedprogramsoftenmustdealwithheterogeneousenvironments,networklinksofvaryinglatencies,Grid computingGridcomputingisatermforeitheroftwobroadsubcateg
13、oriesofdistributedcomputing:1Onlinecomputationorstorageofferedasaservicesupportedbyapoolofdistributedcomputingresources,alsoknownasutilitycomputing,on-demandcomputing,orcloudcomputing.Datagridsprovidecontrolledsharingandmanagementoflargeamountsofdistributeddata,oftenusedincombinationwithcomputationa
14、lgrids.2Thecreationofavirtualsupercomputercomposedofanetworkofloosely-coupledcomputers,actinginconcerttoperformverylargetasks.Thistechnologyhasbeenappliedtocomputationally-intensivescientific,mathematical,andacademicproblemsthroughvolunteercomputing,anditisusedincommercialenterprisesforsuchdiverseap
15、plicationsasdrugdiscovery,economicforecasting,seismicanalysis,andback-officedataprocessinginsupportofe-DifferencebetweenCloudcomputingandgridcomputingGridcomputingemphasizesonresourcesharing,everygridnodecanapplyforresourcefromothernodes,andeverynodeshouldcontributeresourcetothegrid.Thefocusofgridco
16、mputingisontheabilityofmovingaworkloadtothelocationoftheneededcomputingresources,whicharemostlyremoteandarereadilyavailableforuse.Gridsalsorequireapplicationstoconformtothegridsoftwareinterfaces.Cloudcomputingemphasizeonproprietary,everyuseroutofthecloudcangetitsownprivateresourcefromthecloud,andthe
17、cloudresourceareprovidedbythespecificserviceprovider,theuserneednotcontributeitsresource.Inacloudenvironment,computingresouces,suchasservers,canbedynamicallyshapedorcarvedoutfromitsunderlyinghardwareinfrastructureandmadeavailabletoaworkload.Inaddition,whileaclouddoessupportgrid,acloudcanalsosupportn
18、ongridenvironments,suchasathree-tierWebarchitecturerunningtraditionalorWeb2.0applications.Gridcomputingemphasizesoncomputingsensitivetask,andisdifficulttoautomatedscale.Cloudcomputingemphasizesontransactionalapplication,agreatamountofseparaterequest,Computer clusterAcomputer clusterisagroupofcoupled
19、computersthatworktogethercloselysothatinmanyrespectstheycanbeviewedasthoughtheyareasinglecomputer.Thecomponentsofaclusterarecommonly,butnotalways,connectedtoeachotherthroughfastlocalareanetworks.Clustersareusuallydeployedtoimproveperformanceand/oravailabilityoverthatprovidedbyasinglecomputer,whilety
20、picallybeingmuchmorecost-effectivethansinglecomputersofcomparablespeedoravailability.1Gridstendtobemorelooselycoupled,heterogeneous,andgeographicallydispersed,VirtualizationVirtualizationisabroadtermthatreferstotheabstractionofcomputerresources.Virtualizationhidesthephysicalcharacteristicsofcomputin
21、gresourcesfromtheirusers,betheyapplications,orendusers.1Thisincludesmakingasinglephysicalresource(suchasaserver,anoperatingsystem,anapplication,orstoragedevice)appeartofunctionasmultiplevirtualresources;itcanalsoincludemakingmultiplephysicalresources(suchasstoragedevicesorservers)appearasasinglevirt
22、ualresource.2Virtualizationtechnologyisaaggregativetermoftechnicalmeansandmethodstoimplementvirtualization.Itcanbedividedtomanytypesbasedonobjects:storagevirtualization,computingvirtualization,networkvirtualization.Computingvirtualizationinclude：OSlevelvirtualization,applicationlevelvirtualization,h
23、ypervisor.Hypervisorinclude:Cloud computing break outComparedtoitsbrotherbuzzwords,cloudcomputingisjustbeginning.TrendsinusageofthetermsfromGooglesearchesshowsCloudComputingisarelativelynewtermintroducedinthepastyear.TherehasalsobeenadeclineingeneralinterestofGrid,UtilityandDistributedcomputing.Clou
24、dComputingandVirtualizationarethenexthothostingplatforms;theDedicatedservertermisslowlystartingtolosegroundvs.VirtualizationandCloudCContentWhatiscloudcomputingCloudcomputingdiscriminateCloudcomputingtechnologyCWhat cloud computing means to service provider?FastProvisionReduceserversscaleIncreaseres
25、ourceutilizationrateImprovemanagementefficiencyLowermaintenancecostLocationofinfrastructureinareaswithlowercostsofrealestateandelectricityProvidebusinesscontinuityserviceImprovemanagementefficiencyImproveservicelevelsComplexarchitectureCWhat cloud computing means to suers?LowerclientworkloadLowerTot
26、alCostOwnershipSeparationofinfrastructuremaintenancedutiesfromdomain-specificapplicationdevelopmentSeparationofapplicationcodefromphysicalresourcesNothavetopurchaseassetsforone-timeorinfrequentintensivecomputingtasksExpandresourceon-demandMaketheapplicationhavehighavailabilityQuicklydeployapplicatio
27、nPCloudcomputinginfrastructurefeaturesSelf-healingMulti-tenancyVirtualizedLinearlyScalableResourceMonitorandmeasureRCloudcomputinginfrastructurearchitectureThephysicalhardwarelayerisvirtualizedtoprovideaflexibleadaptiveplatformtoimproveresourceutilization.Thekeystonewenterprisedatacenterinfrastructu
28、reservicesarethenexttwolayers,thevirtualizationenvironmentandmanagementlayer.Thecombinationofthesetwolayersensurethatresourcesinadatacenterareefficientlymanagedandcanbeprovisioned,deployed,DifficultiesforcloudcomputingContinuoushighavailabilityCosistencyInteroperabilityandstandarlizationScalabilityo
29、fallcomponentsDatasecrecyLegalandpoliticalproblemofdatastoreandtranslationacrossregionsPerformanceissueDifficultycustomizingOPotencial issues in cloud computingPrivilegeduseraccess.Regulatorycompliance.Datalocation.Datasegregation.Recovery.Investigativesupport.Long-ContentWhatiscloudcomputingCloudco
30、mputingdiscriminateCloudcomputingtechnologyC10 examples of entpereises using the cloudsThe NY TimesAmazonEC2NasdaqAmazonS3Major League BaseballJoyentESPNRightscaleusingAmazonEC2HasbroAmazonEC2British Telecom3TeraTaylor WoodrowGoogleAppsCSSAmazonEC2ActivisionAmazonEC2Business Objects(A SAP Company)Ri
31、ghtscaleusingAmazonECCloudcomputingmarketHardwareproviderCloudtechnologyenablerInfrastructureasaservicePlatformasaserviceSoftwareasaserviceECloudcomputinginfrastructuretech&solutionprovider3Tera-AppLogicgridOSusedascloudcomputingplatformbyserviceprovidersandenterprisesAppistry-Cloudcomputingmiddlewa
32、re-Enableseasilyscalablecloudcomputingintheenterprise.Cassatt-CassattActiveResponseplatformenablesadministratorstosetpoliciestopowerphysicalandvirtualserverssafelyonandoffandpooltheircomputingresources.CloudHan-Cloudtechandinfrastructureconsultant,inChina.CloudScaleNetworks-Cloudenabler.Currentlyinp
33、rivateALPHAonlyEnomalyInc-ServiceProvider&CloudEnabler-DeveloperoftheEnomalismElasticComputingPlatform&ElasticDriveQ-layer-providessoftwarefordatacentersthatenablescloudcomputing,supportVSAN,VLAN,VPDC,currentlysupportVMwareESX.Skytap-IaaSserviceoptimizedforQA,Training,Demo,andOpsTesting.SupportsVMwa
34、re,Xenhypervisors&Windows,Linux&SolarisOSCloudcomputinginfrastructureproviderAgathonGroup-Cloudprovider.ServicesincludehighlyavailableVPS,virtualprivatedatacentersandready-to-useLAMPstacks.Self-serviceordering.Customdevelopmentandmanagedservicesavailable.AmazonWebServices-AmazonEC2/S3(Hardware-a-a-S
35、&CloudStorage)CohesiveFT-CohesiveFTElasticServerOn-DemandElasticHosts-UK-basedinstant,on-demandserversinthecloudFlexiscale-Anotherinstantprovisionerofwebserverswithsomeadvancedfeatureslikeauto-scalingcomingsoon.GoGrid-instant,on-demandserversofferingcontrolinthecloud.DeployWindows/Linuxserversviaweb
36、-interfaceinminutesGridLayer-CloudProvider.AservicebyLayeredTechnologiesthatdeliversVirtualPrivateDatacentersandvirtualprivateserversfromgridsofcommodityserversLayeredTechnologies-CloudProvider.providerofon-demandhostingandcloudandutilitycomputingsolutionsthroughitsbrandGridLayerMosso-Rackspacesclou
37、dhostingserviceNewservers-InstantprovisioningofwebserverseitherWindowsorLCloudcomputingPaasproviderBungeeConnect-Providesendtoendtoolsandsystemsrequiredtodevelop,deployandhostwebapplications(PlatformasaService)Coherence-OracleCoherenceDataGridforEC2andothercloudplatformsF-Ssapplicationdevelopmentpla
38、tform(PaaS)GigaSpaces-middlewareforthecloud,cloudwareGoogleAppEngine-(PaaS)NowsupportpythonHeroku-RubyonRailsintheirCloudQrimp-AnAJAXbasedPaaSRightScale-RightScaleprovidesaplatformandexpertisethatenablecompaniestocreatescalablewebapplicationsrunningonAmazonsWebServicesthatarereliable,easytomanage,Se
39、rviceproviderbasedonCloudcomputingCAMSolutions-SaaSProvider.CloudEventManagement,AutonomicsandMonitoring-as-a-Service(TM)CloudStatus-CloudEnabler.Real-timeperformancetrendingofcloudinfrastructure(currentlyAWS).KaavosIMODisaneasytouseonlineapplication.CloudComputingMadeEasy.MicrosoftMeshNasstar-SaaSp
40、rovider.BusinessgradeHostedDesktopservice,UKmarketleaders.Nirvanix-CloudStorageTrustSaaS-uptimemonitoringandalertingservice(SaaSWeatherReport)forSoftwareasaService(SaaS)Cloud computing open source projectsInfrastructuremanagementprojects：Enomalism,convirt,redhatgenome,hyperVM,lxlabs,LN,OpenNEbula,reservoir-fp7,scalr,eucalyptus,ganeti,gplhost，ovirtUsefulopensourceprojectstobuildcloudplatform:Kenso,hyperic,virt-P2V。ThanksLimingL