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1、(对应学生用书对应学生用书P28)并列句和复合句并列句和复合句一、并列句一、并列句并并列列句句由由两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的独独立立分分句句并并列列在在一一起起构构成成。其基本结构为：分句并列连词分句。其基本结构为：分句并列连词分句。并并列列句句有有两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的主主谓谓结结构构。这这些些主主谓谓结结构构之之间间的的关关系系是是并并列列的的、对对等等的的。从从语语法法上上讲讲，所所谓谓“并并列列”、“对对等等”是是指指任任何何一一个个主主谓谓结结构构都都能能独独立立地地表表达达意意思思，谁谁也也不不从从属属于于谁谁。尽尽管管如如此此，这这些些主主谓谓结结构构在在意意思思
2、或或逻逻辑辑上上有有一一定定程程度度的的内内在在联联系系。否否则则，它它们们就就可可能能被被分分别别写写成成简简单单句句，而而没没有有必必要要写写在在一一起起构构成成并并列列句句了了。在在并并列列句句中中，要要使使两两个个或或几几个个主主谓谓结结构构(或或者者说说分分句句)连连接接在在一一起起，就就要要用用并并列列连连词词。并并列列连连词词用用来来连连接接平平行行对等对等(即互不从属即互不从属)的分句。的分句。在在并并列列句句中中，除除了了使使用用并并列列连连词词外外，还还可可使使用用并并列列连连词词词词组组或或连连接接副副词词来来连连接接分分句句。有有时时甚甚至至不不用用并并列列连连词词，只
3、只用用逗逗号号、分号、冒号等把分句隔开。分号、冒号等把分句隔开。常常用用的的并并列列连连词词有有：and，but，or，for，so，neither，nor等等；并并列列连连词词词词组组有有：either.or，neither.nor，both.and，as well as，not only.but also等等；连连接接副副词词有有：besides，furthermore，moreover等。等。1表示联合关系表示联合关系常用常用and，neither.nor，not only.but(also)等连词。如：等连词。如：There was a big storm after midnight
4、 and the rain poured down.后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。Pip is not only a character；he also tells the story of Great Expectations.皮皮普普不不仅仅是是一一个个小小说说人人物物，他他还还讲讲述述远远大大前前程程的的故故事。事。I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.我既不会创作歌曲也不会弹吉他。我既不会创作歌曲也不会弹吉他。Not only did he speak correctly，but he sp
5、oke easily.他不仅讲得对，也讲得轻松。他不仅讲得对，也讲得轻松。2表示选择关系表示选择关系主主要要由由连连词词or(或或者者；否否则则)，either.or.(要要么么要要么么)，neither.nor.(既既不不也也不不)，otherwise(要要不不然然)等等连词连接，前后两个分句为选择关系。如：连词连接，前后两个分句为选择关系。如：Either you didnt understand this problem，or you were not careful enough.要么你不懂这个问题，要么你不够细心。要么你不懂这个问题，要么你不够细心。Seize the chance，
6、otherwise you will regret it.要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。Neither does he smoke，nor does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。他既不抽烟也不喝酒。3表示转折关系表示转折关系多多 用用 连连 词词 but，yet，however，nevertheless，while，whereas连接两个分句，前后两个分句在语意上为转折关系。如：连接两个分句，前后两个分句在语意上为转折关系。如：I have failed，yet I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要尝试。我失败了，但我还要尝试。He mus
7、t be over sixty，whereas his wife looks about thirty.他一定有他一定有60多岁了，而他妻子看起来大约多岁了，而他妻子看起来大约30岁。岁。John has his shortcomings；however，that doesnt mean he is not qualified for the job.约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。4表示因果关系表示因果关系多多用用连连词词for，so，therefore连连接接，前前后后两两句句为为因因果果关关系系。如：如：He must have bee
8、n in a hurry，for it was getting dark.天色不早了，他一定很匆忙。天色不早了，他一定很匆忙。He told me to do it，so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。It was raining，therefore we had to stay at home.天下着雨，我们只好待在家里。天下着雨，我们只好待在家里。5表示条件或结果表示条件或结果常常用用and，or等等连连词词。在在这这类类并并列列句句中中，and意意为为“(只只要要)就就”，or意为意为“否则否则”。如：。如：Simply raise y
9、our hand，and a taxi appears in no time.只要你招招手，出租车就会立刻过来。只要你招招手，出租车就会立刻过来。Dont drive too fast or youll have an accident.别开得太快，不然会出车祸。别开得太快，不然会出车祸。一句多译：快点，否则你就会迟到。一句多译：快点，否则你就会迟到。Hurry up，or you will be late.Hurry up，or else you will be late.Hurry up，otherwise you will be late.If you dont hurry up，you
10、 will be late.You will be late unless you hurry up.6表示递进关系表示递进关系常用常用besides，furthermore，moreover等连接副词。如：等连接副词。如：Television is entertaining；besides/furthermore/moreover，it is instructive.电视给人们提供娱乐，而且还有教育性。电视给人们提供娱乐，而且还有教育性。二、复合句二、复合句1主主语语从从句句：在在句句子子中中充充当当句句子子主主语语的的从从句句叫叫主主语语从从句句。如：如：When we should st
11、art is still a question.2表表语语从从句句：在在句句子子中中作作连连系系动动词词的的表表语语的的句句子子，它它位位于主句中的系动词之后。如：于主句中的系动词之后。如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday.3宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.4同同位位语语从从句句：在在句句子子中中作作同同位位语语的的从从句句叫
12、叫同同位位语语从从句句。如：如：The news that our team won is exciting.5定定语语从从句句：在在复复合合句句中中作作定定语语用用来来修修饰饰句句子子中中某某一一名名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：This is the missing boy(that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.6状状语语从从句句：在在复复合合句句中中作作状状语语，其其位位置置可可以以在在主主句句前前或主句后。或主句后。时时间间状状语语从从句句通通常常由由when，as，while，after，be
13、fore，since，as soon as，since，till(until)，while，whenever等等引引导导。如：如：When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.地点状语从句通常由地点状语从句通常由where，wherever等引导。如：等引导。如：I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.原因状语从句通常由原因状语从句通常由because，since，as等引导。等引导。目目的的状状语语从从句句
14、通通常常由由so that.，so.that.，in order that.等引导。等引导。结结果果状状语语从从句句通通常常由由so that.，so.that.等等引引导导，放放在在句尾。句尾。比较状语从句通常由比较状语从句通常由as，than，as(so).as等引导。等引导。让让 步步 状状 语语 从从 句句 通通 常常 由由 though(although)，as，even if(even though)，however，whatever等引导。等引导。条件状语从句通常由条件状语从句通常由if，unless，as long as等引导。等引导。一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
15、一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句1We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.答案：答案：简单句简单句2The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.答案：答案：复合句复合句3There is a chair in this room，isnt there?答案：答案：简单句简单句4My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the ev
16、ening.答案：答案：简单句简单句5He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.答案：答案：并列句并列句6He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.答案：答案：复合句复合句7Not only did he teach school，but he wrote novels.答案：答案：并列句并列句8What he said at the meeting is very important，isnt it?答案：答案：复合句复合句9The farmer is showing the boy how to p
17、lant a tree.答案：答案：简单句简单句10Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.答案：答案：简单句简单句二、判断下列句子中有无错误；若有，请指出并改正二、判断下列句子中有无错误；若有，请指出并改正1He is fat，and his brother is thin.答案：答案：andbut或或while2He doesnt like learning maths，so do I.答案：答案：soneither/nor3Either you do it，or I ask somebody else to do it.答案：答案：4Not only
18、he sings well，but also he dances well.答答案案：not only放放在在句句首首时时要要用用部部分分倒倒装装，因因此此应应改改为为：Not only does he sing well，but also he dances well.5Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so.答案：答案：三、根据句子意思，用正确的连词填空三、根据句子意思，用正确的连词填空1He was hungry，_he would not eat.答案：答案：but2_ are you funny，_ you are witt
19、y.答案：答案：Not only；but also3The first was not good，_ was the second.答案：答案：neither4Hurry up，_ youll miss the train.答案：答案：or5I had a headache，_ I went to bed early.答案：答案：so6I must work much harder，_ I cannot catch up with the other classmates.答案：答案：otherwise7It is very good，_ it can be better.答案：答案：yet8Some experiments are difficult _ others are easy.答案：答案：while