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1、 初三英语专题复习之 动词的时态 动词的时态动词的时态一、一般现在时态1.构成构成:(1)be:am/is/are:(1)be:am/is/are (2)do:do/does (2)do:do/does2.2.用法用法:（1 1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与与often,always,usually,sometimes,often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day once a week,every day等表示频度的副词等表示频度的副词 或时间状语连用。或时间状语连用。egeg:I
2、 often:I often gogo to school by bike.to school by bike.(2)(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。表示客观事实或普遍真理。egeg:The earth:The earth goesgoes around the sun.around the sun.(3)(3)在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将 来。来。egeg:If it:If it rainsrains tomorrow,we won tomorrow,we wont go to t go to the park.the park.(4)(
3、4)在某些以在某些以here,therehere,there开头的句子用一般现在时开头的句子用一般现在时 表示正在发生的动作。表示正在发生的动作。egeg:There:There goesgoes the bell.the bell.3.3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语与一般现在时连用的时间状语 （1 1）表示频度的副词：）表示频度的副词：always,often,usually,always,often,usually,sometimes sometimes等。等。(2)on Sunday,on Monday morning,every day,(2)on Sunday,on Monday m
4、orning,every day,in the morning,at night,every year in the morning,at night,every year等。等。(3)once a year,twice a month,three times(3)once a year,twice a month,three times a week a week等表示频率的短语。等表示频率的短语。练习：1 1.It It twenty hours to go to Guangzhou by train.twenty hours to go to Guangzhou by train.A.i
5、s taking B.are going to take A.is taking B.are going to take C.takes D.has taken C.takes D.has taken 2.-What does Linda often do in the evening?2.-What does Linda often do in the evening?-She often -She often her homework,but on the eveningher homework,but on the evening of April 12 she of April 12
6、she TV.TV.A.does,watches B.is doing,watches A.does,watches B.is doing,watches C.does,watched D.is doing,was watching C.does,watched D.is doing,was watching 3.I don3.I dont know if my uncle t know if my uncle .If he If he ,I will,I will bebe very happy.very happy.A.comes,will come B.will come,will co
7、me A.comes,will come B.will come,will come C.comes,comes D.will come,comes C.comes,comes D.will come,comesCDc二、一般过去时态1.1.构成：（构成：（1 1）be:was/werebe:was/were (2)do:did (2)do:did2.2.用法：（用法：（1 1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状 态。态。eg:1)I got up at six this morning.eg:1)I got up at six this morning.2
8、)We visited the factory last 2)We visited the factory last week.week.(2)(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作.（过去常常做某事也可用过去常常做某事也可用used to do used to do sthsth.来表示来表示)eg:1)When I was in the countryside,eg:1)When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river I often swam in the river 2)He used to wa
9、lk after dinner.2)He used to walk after dinner.3.3.与一般过去时连用的时间状语：与一般过去时连用的时间状语：last night,yesterday,last week,some years last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,just now,in 1995,in the past,the other day,just now,at that time at that time 等。等。注意：有一些容易变化错误的
10、单词，如：注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer preferprefer preferr red,fixed,fix fixed,mixfixed,mix mixedmixed4.4.练习：练习：(1)-I knocked into a tree when I went to the(1)-I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.railway station for my friend.-I suppose you -I suppose you too fast.too fast
11、.A.drive B.are driving A.drive B.are driving C.drove D.were driving C.drove D.were drivingC(2)In the 49th World Table Tennis Championship,(2)In the 49th World Table Tennis Championship,Wang Wang LiqinLiqin Ma Lin and Ma Lin and the champion ofthe champion of the Men the Mens Singles.s Singles.A.beat
12、,beat B.won,won A.beat,beat B.won,won C.beat,won D.won,beat C.beat,won D.won,beat(3)-When(3)-When your brother your brother back?back?-About half an hour ago.-About half an hour ago.A.did,come B.had,come A.did,come B.had,come C.do,come D.have,come C.do,come D.have,come(4)(4)Excuse me.You shouldnExcu
13、se me.You shouldnt smoke here.Look t smoke here.Look at the sign at the sign“NO SMOKING HERE.NO SMOKING HERE.”-Sorry,I -Sorry,I it.it.A.doesn A.doesnt see B.havent see B.havent seent seen C.didn C.didnt see D.hadnt see D.hadnt seent seenCAC三、一般将来时1.1.构成：（构成：（1 1）will will be/dobe/do (2)be going to (
14、2)be going to be/dobe/do2.2.用法用法：（1 1）will will be/do be/do 的用法的用法 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将 来的时间状语连用，如：来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,next week,tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,in 2008 in a few days,next Sunday,in 2008 egeg:1).They will leave for Shanghai next week.:1).They will l
15、eave for Shanghai next week.2).Will you be back in two days?2).Will you be back in two days?当主语是当主语是I I或或 wewe时，问句中一般使用时，问句中一般使用shallshall，表示，表示 征求对方意见。征求对方意见。egeg:Where shall we meet tomorrow?:Where shall we meet tomorrow?be going to be going to be/do be/do 的用法的用法 “计划、打算做某事计划、打算做某事”，表示已决定的、很可能发生，表示
16、已决定的、很可能发生 的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。eg:1)-What are you going to do next Sunday?eg:1)-What are you going to do next Sunday?-I -Im going to listen to music.m going to listen to music.2)It is reported that there is going to be 2)It is reported that there is going to be a storm snow the day aft
17、er tomorrow.a storm snow the day after tomorrow.注意：在下面几种情况下只可用注意：在下面几种情况下只可用will(shall)will(shall)表示将来，而不表示将来，而不可用可用be going to be going to 结构。结构。（1 1）表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令）表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。时。egeg:Will you please lend me your bike?:Will you please lend me your bike?(2)(2)表示意愿时表示意愿时 ege
18、g:We will help him if he asks us.:We will help him if he asks us.(3)(3)表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。egeg:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.3.3.一般将来时的几种特殊表现形式：一般将来时的几种特殊表现形式：(1)(1)“be doingbe doing”表示将来表示将来 常用这种结构的动词有：常用这种结构的动词有：go,c
19、ome,leave,stay,start,go,come,leave,stay,start,begin begin等表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。等表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。eg:1)We are leaving for London.eg:1)We are leaving for London.2)She is going there tomorrow.2)She is going there tomorrow.(2)(2)“be about to dobe about to do”和和“be to dobe to do”结构表示即将发生的结构表示即将发生的 动作。动作。egeg:T
20、hey are(about)to have a meeting after:They are(about)to have a meeting after school.school.(3)(3)用一般现在时表示将来的情况用一般现在时表示将来的情况 表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作 egeg:We:Were going to Changchun.Our planere going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.takes off at 8:10.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般在含有时间、条
21、件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般 将来时，则从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。将来时，则从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。egeg:If it doesn:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,wet rain tomorrow,well have a ll have a football match.football match.4.练习：（1 1）-The TV show-The TV show Home With KidsHome With Kids is so wonderful.You is so wonderful.You shouldn shouldnt miss
22、 it.t miss it.-If I have time,I -If I have time,I it.it.A.see B.saw C.will see D.have seen A.see B.saw C.will see D.have seen(2)I want to know if there (2)I want to know if there an English speech contest an English speech contest next month.If our school next month.If our school it,I must get ready
23、 for it,I must get ready for it.it.A.will be,holds B.will be,will hold A.will be,holds B.will be,will hold C.will have,hold C.will have,hold(3)The summer vacation will begin next week.David (3)The summer vacation will begin next week.David to stay with us.to stay with us.A.will be coming B.comes A.w
24、ill be coming B.comes C.came D.is coming C.came D.is coming CAD四、现在进行时四、现在进行时 1.1.构成：构成：am/is/are am/is/are v v-inging 2.2.用法：用法：（1 1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。egeg:-What are you doing?:-What are you doing?-I -Im reading English.m reading English.(2)(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。egeg:1
25、)They are studying hard this term.:1)They are studying hard this term.2)We arte picking apples on a farm these 2)We arte picking apples on a farm these days.days.(3)go,leave,arrive,start,visit (3)go,leave,arrive,start,visit，move move 等动词用现在进行时表示将来等动词用现在进行时表示将来.egeg:1)I:1)Im going to Beijing this Sun
26、day.m going to Beijing this Sunday.2)The bus is coming soon.2)The bus is coming soon.(4)(4)当时间状语为当时间状语为now,these daysnow,these days等时或当句子中含有等时或当句子中含有look,listen,can look,listen,can you see,can you see,cant you seet you see之类的暗示词时之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意要使用现在进行时。但应注意 下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。下列这些动词一般不用于现在进
27、行时态的句子中。a.a.表示感觉的动词。如：表示感觉的动词。如：see,hearsee,hear等等 b.b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如：表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如：like,lovelike,love等等 c.c.表示希望的动词。如：表示希望的动词。如：want,would likewant,would like等等 d.d.表示状态的动词。如：表示状态的动词。如：bebe等等 e.e.表示归属的动词。如：表示归属的动词。如：havehave等等 f.f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如：表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如：know,think,forgetknow,think,forget等
28、等3.3.练习：练习：（1 1）DonDont turn on the TV.Grandma t turn on the TV.Grandma now.now.A.is sleeping B.will sleep A.is sleeping B.will sleep C.slept D.sleeps C.slept D.sleeps(2)Listen.They (2)Listen.They with with MrMr Wang in the room.Wang in the room.A.chatting B.are chatting A.chatting B.are chatting C.
29、were chatting D.will chat C.were chatting D.will chat (3)-Jim,please help me take out of the trash.(3)-Jim,please help me take out of the trash.-OK,mom.I -OK,mom.I .A.will come B.am coming A.will come B.am coming C.shall come C.would come C.shall come C.would come(4)He with us (4)He with us to Hawai
30、i for summer vacation.to Hawaii for summer vacation.A.are going to B.is going to go A.are going to B.is going to go C.is going to D.are going to go C.is going to D.are going to goABBC五、现在完成时五、现在完成时 1.1.结构结构：(1)be:have/has been(1)be:have/has been (2)do:have/has done (2)do:have/has done 2.2.用法：用法：（1 1
31、）结果：表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现）结果：表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现 在造成的影响后结果。在造成的影响后结果。eg:1)eg:1)Have you had your lunch yet?Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I -Yes,I have.Ive just had it.ve just had it.2)I have lost my pen.2)I have lost my pen.3)I have already watched the TV play.3)I have already watched the TV p
32、lay.4)4)Have you found your lost pen?Have you found your lost pen?-No,I haven -No,I havent found it yet.t found it yet.注意：注意：already,yetalready,yet常和现在完成时连用。常和现在完成时连用。1 1）already already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前 也可放在句末。也可放在句末。2 2）yetyet用于疑问句，表示用于疑问句，表示“已经已经”，用于否定句，表，用于否定句，表“还还”，常放在
33、句末。常放在句末。(2)(2)持续：表示动作或状态已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持持续：表示动作或状态已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持 续下去，常和续下去，常和for,sincefor,since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为 延续性动词。延续性动词。egeg:1)We have lived here since 2000.:1)We have lived here since 2000.2)I have learnt English for three years.2)I have learnt English for three years.(3)(3)经验：
34、表示从过去到现在曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发经验：表示从过去到现在曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发 生多次，常和生多次，常和never,ever,once,twice,beforenever,ever,once,twice,before等连用。等连用。egeg:1)I have never been to Egypt before.:1)I have never been to Egypt before.2)It has snowed twice here.2)It has snowed twice here.非延续性动词的现在完成时常用下列结构表示：非延续性动词的现在完成时常用下列结构表示：
35、主语主语 have/has been have/has been adj./n./prep-phraseadj./n./prep-phrase egeg:1)He has been dead for two years.:1)He has been dead for two years.2)He has been a party member for a year.2)He has been a party member for a year.3)I have been in this school for half a year.3)I have been in this school fo
36、r half a year.(4)(4)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法：几个副词在现在完成时中的用法：justjust“刚刚刚刚”，表示动作刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词，表示动作刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词 之间。之间。egeg:He has just come back from Beijing.:He has just come back from Beijing.everever“曾经曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词与过去，用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词与过去 分词之间。分词之间。egeg:Have you ever been to Shanghai?:Have you ev
37、er been to Shanghai?nevernever“从来没有从来没有”，常与常与beforebefore连用，多放在助动词与过连用，多放在助动词与过 去分词之间。去分词之间。egeg:I have never travelled by plane before.:I have never travelled by plane before.beforebefore“以前以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总放在句末，指过去不确定的某个时间，总放在句末，不受句型的限制。不受句型的限制。egeg:I haven:I havent heard of it before.t heard of i
38、t before.for for 时间段时间段 ,since,since 时间点时间点 应特别注意：谓语动词应特别注意：谓语动词 必须是延续性动词。必须是延续性动词。如：我离开这所学校已八年了。如：我离开这所学校已八年了。误：误：I Ive left this school for eight years.ve left this school for eight years.正：正：I Ive been away this school for eight years.ve been away this school for eight years.（5 5）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法）
39、延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 非延续性动词不可与表示一段的时间状语连用。非延续性动词不可与表示一段的时间状语连用。egeg:The poor old man has died.(T):The poor old man has died.(T)The poor old man has died for three years.(F)The poor old man has died for three years.(F)The poor old man has been dead for three years.The poor old man has been dead for three
40、years.但在否定句中，可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。但在否定句中，可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。egeg:He hasn:He hasnt come here for several days.t come here for several days.非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用可采用下述三种方法：非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用可采用下述三种方法：1 1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：comecome be here,gobe here,go be there,diebe there,die be dead,be dead,borrow borrow
41、keep,buykeep,buy have,joinhave,join be in/be a be in/be a member,leave member,leave be away,begin to studybe away,begin to study study,study,finish finish be over,get upbe over,get up be up,put onbe up,put on wear,wear,catch a cold catch a cold have a cold,wake uphave a cold,wake up be awake,be awak
42、e,fall asleep fall asleep be asleep,arrive/getbe asleep,arrive/get be,be,lose lose not have,leavenot have,leave be away frombe away from 2)2)将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替 现在完成时。现在完成时。egeg:He has been in the army for three years.:He has been in the army for three years.He joined the army
43、 three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.3)3)用句型用句型“It isIt is 一段时间一段时间sincesince从句（从句中从句（从句中 的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示表示 egeg:The old man has been dead for two years.:The old man has been dead for two years.It is two years since the old man died.It is two years since the
44、old man died.六、过去进行时六、过去进行时 1.1.构成：构成：was/were was/were v-ingv-ing 2.2.用法：（用法：（1 1）表示过去某一时刻某一段时间内正在进行）表示过去某一时刻某一段时间内正在进行 的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,then,at that time,this time yesterday,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday at ten yesterday 等连用等连用,或用另一类或用另一类 动作表示过去的时间。动作表示过去的时间。e
45、geg:1):1)What were you doing at nine last night?What were you doing at nine last night?-I was watching TV at that time.-I was watching TV at that time.2)He was reading when I came in.2)He was reading when I came in.3)I was doing my homework while my parents were 3)I was doing my homework while my pa
46、rents were watching TV.watching TV.(2)(2)过去进行时常和过去进行时常和alwaysalways等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生 的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。egeg:Alice was always changing her mind.:Alice was always changing her mind.(3)(3)注意在含有注意在含有whenwhen或或whilewhile引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句 中过去进行时的
47、运用：中过去进行时的运用：1 1）主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较）主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较 长时，主句用过去进行时（从句用一般过去时）。长时，主句用过去进行时（从句用一般过去时）。egeg:When the UFO arrived,I was watching TV.:When the UFO arrived,I was watching TV.2 2）从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较）从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较 长时，从句用过去进行时（主句用一般过去时）。长时，从句用过去进行时（主句用一般过去时）。egeg:Wh
48、ile I was walking in the street,the:While I was walking in the street,the accident happened.accident happened.3)3)若主、从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后时，主从若主、从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后时，主从 句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句 一般由一般由whilewhile引导。引导。egeg:I was doing my homework while my parents:I was doing my homework while my
49、 parents were doing the chores.were doing the chores.注意：在上述情况下，若动词为表示状态的延续性动注意：在上述情况下，若动词为表示状态的延续性动 词，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。词，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。egeg:Luckily,when I went to see him,he:Luckily,when I went to see him,he waswas at home.at home.3.3.练习：练习：（1 1）James has just arrived,but I didnJames has ju
50、st arrived,but I didnt know he t know he until yesterday.until yesterday.A.will come B.is coming C.was coming D.comes A.will come B.is coming C.was coming D.comes (2)I saw Lisa in the street yesterday,but she didn (2)I saw Lisa in the street yesterday,but she didnt t see me.She see me.She the other