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1、组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明是是“什么人什么人”，“什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名词名词,代代词词,不定式不定式,动名词动名词来充当来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾 定定状状补补表表2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎
2、么样。通常由。通常由动词动词充当充当.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.1.1.They They workwork very hard.very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now.much better now.(系动词系动词:表示状态表示状态,后面往往接形容词后面往往接形容词 is am are sound look become)is am are sound look become)情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成
3、谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They They can speakcan speak English well.English well.They They are playingare playing over there.over there.3.表语表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状状态态.My sister is a nurse.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.To see is to believe.3.宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明
4、主语做什么。：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由由名词名词,代词代词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词构成构成.1.We study English.2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.4.4.定语
5、定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词形容词,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词,名词名词,不定式不定式,介词短语介词短语等等.This is a This is a redred car.car.The building is The building is theirtheir teaching building.teaching building.The The womanwoman doctor is my wife.doctor is my wife.I have something I have something to tell youto tell you.T
6、he man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr.Li.is Mr.Li.EveryEvery student has an English book.student has an English book.5.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词用来修饰动词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动动词不定式词不定式,以及以及 after,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的从句等引起的从句.You are quite righ
7、t.They often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.6.宾补：补充说明宾语。宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型下几种类型：1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+不定式不定式 2 名词（代词）名词（代词）+分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+名名 词词 4 名词名词（代词）（代词）+形容词形容词 1
8、名词（代词名词（代词）+不定式不定式John asked me to help him.Let him go home.I saw her come out of the room.名词（代词）名词（代词）+分词分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate.She could feel her heart beating violently.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order t
9、o make himself heard.名词（代词）名词（代词）+名词名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship.名词（代词名词（代词）+形容词形容词 We must keep the room clean.We found her busy.I found the story interesting.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1 主语主语+谓语谓语（不及物动词）（不及物动词
10、）（S+ViS+Vi型）型）He came.She dances.2 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV.3 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IO indirect)I gave her a book.She showed her friends all the pictures.4 主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语(S+V+P)I am a student.She looks very young.5 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.