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1、How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一
2、个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。第三第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句(Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出来表达。主题句常常出现在段首现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处,有时也有时也在段落中间。同样在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思一篇文章的中心思想想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结我们要对文章的开始
3、段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。How to get the main idea of a paragraph?1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.Fo
4、r example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.2 Often no one looks more guilty than t h
5、e innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So,it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearanc
6、e 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has anoth
7、er model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales trick is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the
8、sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buyer BewareB.Closeout(出清存货)Sale C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set This sales trick is called“bait and switch”.4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated
9、 with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became
10、 a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailTypes Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the
11、middleNo clear topic sentence Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心
12、),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy s
13、pecialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in th
14、e childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in Ap
15、ril,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental
16、 listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).Th
17、e Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens departme
18、nt.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The prog
19、ram was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program59.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C.Service in a public library.D.A special reading program.d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea