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1、过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：1.When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1.时间状语时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等等.2.Dont speak until you are spoken to.Until spoken to2.原因状语原因状语1.Because the boy was greatly tou
2、ched by his teachers words,he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers words2.As he was surprised at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened3.条件状语条件状语1.If we were given more time,we could do it much better.Given more time2.If it is heated
3、to a high temperature,water will change into vapour.Heated to a high temperature4.让步状语让步状语1.Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the storm2.Even if Im invited,I wont take part in the party.Even if invited5.方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语1.The teacher
4、entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of students.Followed by a group of students2.The manager held his head high,he walked into the room.Holding his head high分词的时态1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如：Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.Arriving there,they found the boy dead.典型例题The sec
5、retary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing答案B.此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的
6、动作，且强调先后，要用having done。Having finished his homework,he went out.=As he had finished his homework,he went out.典型例题_ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving not B.C.Not having received D.Having not received 答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构
7、成为not+分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply,he decided to write again.分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：He is the man giving you the money.（=who gave you）他就是给你钱的那个人。He is the man stopped by the car.（=who was stopped by）他就是那个被车拦住的人。2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发
8、生，如gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等。例如：a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人 a much-traveled man一个去过许多地方的人 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火3）_,liquids can be changed into gases.A.Heating B.To be heated C.Heated D.Heat答案C.本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 Wh
9、en it is heated，注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Used for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。连词连词+分词（短语）分词（短语）有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在
10、分词前加连词。分词前加连词。连词有：连词有：when，while，if though，after,before,as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：例如：While waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和和saw 的主语相同）的主语相同）分词作插入语分词作插入语 分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。并不是
11、句子的主语。例如：generally speaking一般说来 talking of（speaking of）说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration全面看来 例如：Judging from his face,he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking 不是dogs 的
12、动作）Exercises:1._ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed B.Followed byC.Being followed D.having been followed2.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.followingC.to be followed D.being followedBB3.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lying B.li
13、eC.lay D.laying4.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.sailingC.to sail D.to have sailedAB7._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving notC.Not having received D.Having not received8.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his
14、 talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to addC.adding D.addedCC9.Dont get you schedule _,stay with us in this class.A.to change B.changingC.changed D.change10.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makesC.made D.to makeCA1
15、1.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied12._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having givenDA13.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following,followin
16、g B.followed,followedC.following,followed D.followed,following14.Mrs.White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;takenC.looked;took D.looking;takingCB15._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to atten
17、d the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holdingC.Having held;held D.Held;to be held16._,but he still could not understand it.A.Told many timesB.Having been told many timesC.He has been told many timesAC用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(use)in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb.
18、2.Though _(catch)in a traffic jam,we managed to arrive at the airport.Usedcaught3.Susan is not easy to get along with.But once _(gain),her friendship will last forever.4.Henry didnt attend the party _(hold)at Toms house last night,for he was busy preparing for his exam.gainedheld注意注意注意注意:用分词短语作状语时用分
19、词短语作状语时用分词短语作状语时用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语要与句它逻辑上的主语要与句它逻辑上的主语要与句它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致子的主语保持一致子的主语保持一致子的主语保持一致,否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语主语主语主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构.1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.2.He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.