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1、 形容词和副词形容词和副词 规律方法总结规律方法总结 命题规律命题规律 1.1.形容词、副词的用法是中考的必考题，形容词、副词的用法是中考的必考题，近五年的考查重点近五年的考查重点:1.:1.比较级和最高级的用法，比较级和最高级的用法，2.2.副词与动词构成的固定搭配或习惯用法，副词与动词构成的固定搭配或习惯用法，3.3.形容词与副词的词义辨析等。形容词与副词的词义辨析等。题型多样，以单选题、完形填空、词汇应题型多样，以单选题、完形填空、词汇应用等形式出现，用法灵活。用等形式出现，用法灵活。2.2.预计预计20152015年形容词的比较级的最高级用法，年形容词的比较级的最高级用法，副词的习惯用
2、法或固定短语仍是考查热点，命副词的习惯用法或固定短语仍是考查热点，命题趋势将是在具体的交际情景中进行考查。题趋势将是在具体的交际情景中进行考查。形容词、副词的形容词、副词的区别及联系区别及联系1.1.形容词修饰名词形容词修饰名词或或不定代词不定代词,常位于常位于系动词之后系动词之后.2.2.副词修饰实意动词副词修饰实意动词,形容词形容词或或全句全句.3.3.很多副词是由形容词加很多副词是由形容词加lyly演变而来演变而来.1.1.形容词形容词加加 ly构成副词 strongstrong strongstronglyly deepdeep deepdeeply ly real-realreal-
3、reallyly 2.2.以以y y结尾的把结尾的把y y变变i i加加lyly easyeas easyeasilyily happyhapp happyhappilyily busy-bus busy-busilyily 3.3.以以e e结尾的大部分加结尾的大部分加 ly wide-wide wide-widely ly bravebravebravebravelyly 注意：以注意：以le le 结尾的去结尾的去e e加加lyly terrible terribletellibllytelliblly possible-possible-possibllypossiblly 4.4.重
4、点掌握几组易混词重点掌握几组易混词 good/well hard/hardlygood/well hard/hardly形容词知识清单形容词知识清单1.1.作定语，名词前，不定代词后。作定语，名词前，不定代词后。2.2.作表语，系动词后。作表语，系动词后。3.3.作宾补，宾语后。作宾补，宾语后。4.4.某些形容词放在定冠词某些形容词放在定冠词thethe之后，名词之后，名词化，表示一类人。化，表示一类人。1.形容词作定语的位置1.He is a tall man.2.Its a beautiful present.3.The red pencil is mine.4.There is some
5、thing wrong with the watch.5.Is there anything special?6.There is nothing new.2.形容词作表语1.He is very strong.2.Its getting warm.3.The soup tastes delicious.4.She fell asleep.表语放在系动词之后表语放在系动词之后,系动词有系动词有be,become,get,turn,look,sound,feel,taste,smell,keep,stay,seem3.形容词作宾补1.Running in the morning makes hi
6、m strong.2.We think the film really interesting.3.Who has left the door open?4.I found her asleep on the grass.形容词作宾补指的是形容词作宾补指的是形容词修饰补充说明宾语形容词修饰补充说明宾语.形容词作宾补形容词作宾补主语+谓语+宾语+形容词(作宾补)1.1.请保持教室清洁请保持教室清洁.2.2.我觉得这个故事很有趣我觉得这个故事很有趣.3.3.他说的话让我很高兴他说的话让我很高兴.Please keep the classroom clean.I found the story in
7、teresting.His words made me happy.What he said made me happy.二.副词知识清单1.副词分类副词分类2.副词的用法副词的用法3.特殊副词用法特殊副词用法1.1.副词分类副词分类1.时间副词时间副词(now,then,soon,early,ago)2.频度副词频度副词(usually,never,sometimes)3.地点副词地点副词(here,home,near,above)4.方式副词方式副词(quickly,hard,suddenly)5.程度副词程度副词(much,almost,very,hardly)6.疑问副词疑问副词(wh
8、en,where,how,why)7.关系副词关系副词(when,where,why)8.连接副词连接副词(why,how,if,whether,when)2.副词的用法1.副词作状语副词作状语Mary is a very bright girl.He runs fastYou can speak English quite well.2.副词的用法2.副词作表语副词作表语Class is over.They will be back in five days time.How long have you been here?2.副词的用法3.副词作定语副词作定语The desk there
9、is not high enough.On my way home,I came across an old friend of mine.3.特殊副词用法1.enough 的用法的用法enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须修饰形容词或副词时必须放在所放在所修饰词的词后修饰词的词后He is old enough to join the army.如果是名词，位置可前可后如果是名词，位置可前可后I have got enough books.=I have got books enough.翻译句子他已经足够大了能够自己照顾自己了他已经足够大了能够自己照顾自己了他有足够的理由让你信服他有足够的理
10、由让你信服He is old enough to take care of himself.He has enough reasons to make you convinced.4.特殊副词用法2.tooto表示表示“太太而不能而不能”My mother is getting too old to travel.He is too young to understand it.翻译句子l这个箱子太重了以至于搬不动这个箱子太重了以至于搬不动l这个孩子太小还不能上学这个孩子太小还不能上学The box is too heavy to move.The child is too young to
11、go to school.4.特殊副词用法3.sothat和和suchthat区别区别 如此如此以至于以至于The box is so heavy that I cant move it.He is such an honest boy that he never tells lies.翻译练习那本书如此有趣以至于我一天就把它读完了那本书如此有趣以至于我一天就把它读完了.他是一个如此热情的男孩以至于班上的每个他是一个如此热情的男孩以至于班上的每个同学都喜欢他同学都喜欢他.That book was so interesting that I finished it in a day.He is
12、 such a warm-hearted boy that each of his Classmates likes him.4.特殊副词用法特殊副词用法4.very和和much 区别区别very 修饰修饰形容词和副词的形容词和副词的原级原级.He works very hard.much修饰修饰形容词和副词的形容词和副词的比较级比较级.He works much harder than before.形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 1)1)一般情况加一般情况加 er 或或 est fast fast
13、er fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest 规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 2)2)以字母以字母 e 结尾加结尾加 r 或或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 3)3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写加字母时双写加 er 或或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin t
14、hinner thinnest 规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 4)4)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾变结尾变 y 为为 i 加加 er 或或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest 规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化部分双音节和多音节词部分双音节和多音节词部分双音节和多音节词部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加在词前加在词前加在词前加 moremore 或或或或 mostmost slowly-slowly-moremore slowly-slowly-mostmos
15、t slowly slowly easily-easily-moremore easily-easily-mostmost easily easily carefully-carefully-moremore carefullycarefully -mostmost carefully carefully 不规则变化不规则变化 good/well better best many/much more most little less least bad/badly/ill worse worst far farther farthest (far further furthest)old ol
16、deroldest (old elder-eldest)形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法比较级和最高级的用法 1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，表引导，表示示“较较”或或“更更一些一些”的意思的意思 *This cake is more delicious than that one.*Li Lei jumped farther than Jim(did).2)2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词
17、加定冠词the，后面可带后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China.*Lucy sings(the)best of all.*He is the most careful among us.3)3)在表示在表示“和和一样一样”和和“不及不及”这类概念时，可以用这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级原级+as”和和“not as（so）+原原级级+as”或或“less+less+原级原级+than”+than”的句型的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before.*H
18、e does not run so(as)fast as I.=He runs less fast than I.4)4)表示表示“A A是是B B的的倍倍”时，用时，用“A A+倍数倍数+as+as+形形 容词原级容词原级+as+B+as+B”结构。（一倍结构。（一倍:once,:once,两倍：两倍：twice,twice,三倍以上：数字三倍以上：数字+times)+times)eg.The river is three times as long as that one.这条河是那条河的三倍长。这条河是那条河的三倍长。Their room is twice as big as ours.
19、他们的房间是我们的两倍。他们的房间是我们的两倍。5）副词副词very,so,too,enough,quite,pretty,kind of 等修饰形容词原级。等修饰形容词原级。eg.I felt very cold this morning.The box is not light enough for me to carry.6)6)可用可用much,still,a little,even,far,three years,a lot等表示程度的等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级状语来修饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu.*He is three years
20、older than I.*This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.7)7)几种比较级的使用句型几种比较级的使用句型 1.“1.“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”表示表示“越来越越来越”*Your English is getting better and better.你的英语越来越好了。你的英语越来越好了。*These days more and more people are learning English.现在学英语的人越来越多了。现在学英语的人越来越多了。2.“2.“the+比较级，比较级，the+比
21、较级比较级”表示表示“越越就越就越”*The more,the better.越多越好。越多越好。*The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。他越忙越高兴。3.“3.“more(less)than”表示表示“多多 于于”“”“不止，不到不止，不到”*She is more than thirty.她三十多岁了。她三十多岁了。*The lightest weighs less than 50kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。最轻的不到五十公斤。4.“4.“more or less”表示表示“差不多，差不多，或多或少或多或少”*The prob
22、lem is more or less solved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。这个问题差不多已经解决了。*Is it straight?More or less.它直吗？它直吗？差不多吧。差不多吧。8)8)注意点注意点1.1.形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词副词最高级前可省略最高级前可省略2.2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后后常用常用one，that，those等词来替代前等词来替代前面提到过的名词面提到过的名词3.*This pen is shorter than that one.*The weather here is warme
23、r than that of Shanghai.3.3.用用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级以上的内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller,Mary or Jane?*Which is biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?4.表示表示“最最的的之一之一”时，用时，用“one of the+最高级最高级+名词名词”结构，名词用复数形式。结构，名词用复数形式。eg.Beijing is one of the most famous citi
24、es in the world.5.表示表示“两者之间较两者之间较一个（一个（of the two)”时，时，常用常用“the+比较级比较级”表示。表示。eg.Tom is the older of the twins.汤姆是双胞胎中最大的一个。汤姆是双胞胎中最大的一个。6.6.形容词最高级前可以加序数形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示词，表示“第几最第几最”。eg.Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河黄河是中国第二长河7.通常形容词加通常形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些可以构成副词，但有些 以以-ly结尾的词是
25、形容词，不是副词。结尾的词是形容词，不是副词。daily （日常的）（日常的）friendly（友好的）（友好的）lively （充满活力的，活泼的）（充满活力的，活泼的）lonely （孤独的，孤单的）（孤独的，孤单的）lovely （可爱的，有趣的）（可爱的，有趣的）9)掌握几种同义句转换掌握几种同义句转换 1.He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is taller than the other students in his class.=He is taller than any of the other stude
26、nts in his class.=He is taller than anyone else in his class.=He is taller than the rest of the students in his class.=He is the tallest(student)in his class.3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.4.The box is too heavy for him to carry.=The box is so heavy that he cant carry
27、it.=The box is not light enough for him to carry.Exercises 选择选择()1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?A.the latest B.later C.early D.as late()2 The more we looked at the picture,_.A.we like it less B.the less we liked it C.better we liked it D.it looked better()3 What a pity.Lucy ran _ than Lily
28、.A.a few more slowly B.a little more slowly C.much more slowly D.little slowlierABB()4 Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurse are very _.A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful C.care,careless D.careless,care()5 The idea became _.He wanted to try _.A.strangly,it out B.strangly,out it
29、C.strange,it out D.strange,out it()6 Beijing is _the biggest cities in China.A.the first B.one of C.the second D.secondBCB用词的适当形式填空用词的适当形式填空1 He works very _.He _ has a rest on Sunday.(hard)2 _,he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news.(surprise)4 He wont do i
30、t.I wont do it,_.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither5 Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(good)6 The old man looks _ than you think.(friend)7 This box is not so _ as that one.(heavy)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high)wellmore friendlyheavyhighest 2013-2014 全全 国国 中中 考考 探探 秘秘1.Who r
31、an_ of all the sports meeting.2.Hector did,I think.（2013襄阳）襄阳）A.fast B.faster C.fastest3.2.Fred is always _because he often does something good for his health outdoors.(2013莱芜）莱芜）4.A.weak B.nervous C.energetic5.3.I _ watch this TV program.Its very interesting.(2013徐州徐州)6.A.often B.never C.hardlyCCA4
32、 Chiang Mai(清迈清迈)has been one of_ tourist places for Chinese since the movies Lost in Thailand(泰囧泰囧)was shown.(2013东营）东营）A.hotter B.hottest C the hottest 5.-How do you like the scarf?-Very much.It feels _.(2013青岛青岛)A.hard B.sweet C soft6.More and more people have a low-C life and the air is getting
33、much_ than a few years ago.(2013滨州滨州)A.cleaner B.cleanest C.cleanCAC7.-Our school bus will leave at 8oclock tomorrow.Dont be late.(2013安徽）安徽）-Ok.I will be there ten minutes_.A.sooner B.slower C.earlier 8.Ive got quite a few dictionaries.Among them,this English dictionary is _.A.much useful B.more us
34、eful C.the most useful (2013重庆）重庆）9.Be quick!The game will begin_.A.immediately B.recently C.carefully (2013天津）天津）CCA10.Children,please look_ at your writings.A.serious B.seriously C.well(2013山西）山西）11.My grandmother looks young,but _she is over 60.(2013太原）太原）A.actually B.Mainly C.specially 12.-How a
35、bout the dishes?(2013临汾）临汾）-Fantastic!Nothing tastes _.A.terrible B.nice C.betterBAC13.Can you see the two buildings over there?Mr.Terry lives in _ one.(2013运城）运城）A.large B.larger C.the larger14.Franks mother told him to eat _ vegetables and _ meat because he is getting fatter and fatter.(2013平遥平遥)A
36、.many;little B.more;less C.more;fewer15.Whenever I am in trouble,Lucy is always one of _ friends.(2014原创原创)A.more helpful B.the most helpful C.most helpful CBB16.Our monitor takes exercise every day,for he believes _ he does,_ hell be.(2014原创）原创）A.the less;the stronger B.the more;the thinner C.the m
37、ore;the stronger 17.Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed train line,the worlds _ high-speed train line,was opened on December 26,2012.(2014原创原创)A.longer B.longest C.the longestB.18.We can _ find the place that we would like to go by GPS(汽车导航汽车导航)A.carefully B.easily C.quicklyCBB19.-Now the air in our hometown is even _ than it was before.-So we must do something to stop it.20.Tom plays chess _,if not better than,David.A.as well B.as well as C.so wellCA.dirty B.better C.worseB