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1、备桢2023高考语沫之动词时态语态目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空：基础知识解析1:考点归纳动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和 一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是：动词时态的基本用法动词语态的基本用法主谓一致通过“时态定义”解决时态：虽然新课标或考纲中列出了 10种时态，但近三年全国卷主要考查一般现在 时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还应掌握。准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。一般将来时will do过去将来时would do一般现在时do/does
2、一般过去时did现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing现在完成时have/has done过去完成时had done2：考点详解1:动词时态的一般体时态用法例句一般现在 时表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状 态。常与表小习惯的副词（词组）always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。On Monday mornings, it usually takes me an hou
3、r to drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花 费一个小时，尽管实际距离只有20英里。如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步 状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统 希望人们在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。一般过去表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与 often, usually, seldom等
4、表小频度的副伺连用。还（2019 江苏卷）A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people时可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的 状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday 等过去的时间状 语连用。and culture there.史密斯先生到中国几个月后， 就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但 实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也
5、要用一般 过去时。常见的有:know, think, expect, want 等。Edward, you play so well. But I didn*t know you could play the piano.爱德华，你弹得真好。但是 我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。一般 将来 时“shall/will+动词原形”表示从现在看以后将要发生 的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语 tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间等连用。其中 shall 通常用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称。“will+动 词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。The students ha
6、ve been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功课, 他们的努力（将来）最终会获得成功。“be going to+动词原形”表小按计划打算要做某事 或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士 将在今年夏天和他的妻女一起游览北京。一般 将来 时“be to+动
7、词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动 作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.10 点前你必须得上交试卷。The meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。“be about to+动词原形”表不正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作， 用一般现在时代替一般将来时。只限于go, arrive,
8、leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.这家商 店每天晚上11点关门。表示位置转移的动词（短语），如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, run out等,可用现在进行时表示 即将发生或计划要做的事。Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给
9、快要用完 了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。2：动词时态的进行体时态用法例句现在 进行 时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动 作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我们今 天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我 们将要如何应对。表示位置转移的动词，如:go, get, come, leave,I am meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon. 今
10、天start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear 等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做 的事。下午我要去飞机场接彼得。过去 进行 时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的 动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday 等连用。He was writing a book last year, but I dont know if he has finished it.他去年在写一本书，但我
11、不知道他是 否已经完成。表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去 的动作发生了，常与并列连词when或while引 导的时间状语从句连用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cutoccurred .杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然断电了。将来 进行 时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行 的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如:at this time tomorrow,by then, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow 等。Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this a
12、fternoon because she will be having a class at that time.简不能 参加今天下午3点的会，因为她那个时间有课。3：动词时态的完成体时态用法例句现在 完成 时表不发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时 刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。常用的 时间状语:already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last（past） few days/years, up to now, till now, so far 等。（2019 江苏卷）The musician along w
13、ith his band members has given ten performances in the last three months .在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队 成员们已经进行了十场演出。表示从过去某时开始一直延续至今（可能还要延 续下去）的动作或状态。常与since+时间点,for+ 时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第 部小说自上个月出版 以来获得了许多好评。在条件或时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将 来某时间前已完成的动
14、作。111 give my opinion when I have read the book through.我读完了这本书就会告诉你我的意见。过去 完成 时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动 作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明 确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句）。但在 语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判 断When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadnt seen for years.当沿着街道散步的时 候,我遇见了多年未见的戴维。表示从过去某 时间开始，直延续到过去的另 一时间的动作或状
15、态，常用的时间状语:before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+ 从句等。It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.彳艮久以后我才 能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。表示“希望、打算”的动词（如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend）用于过去完成 时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计 划。(2019 天津卷)1 had ho
16、ped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.我本希望送给彼得一份礼物祝贺他结婚 了，但我没能做到。常使 用完 成时 的句 型(l)This/It/That is the first/. time+that sb. has done sth.This/It/That was the first/. time+that sb. had done sth.这/那是某人第几次做某事；(2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+that从句，从句中的谓语用现在/过
17、去完成时；(3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb. did sth.It was/had been+一段时间+since sb. had done sth.自从以来多久了;(4)Hardly(Scarcely). when./No sooner. than.一就，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。4：语态基本用法被动语态的使用场合:（1）不知道或没有必要 指出动作的执行者;需要突出或强调动作 的承受者。(2019 江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by
18、 2022 for the Beijing Whiter Olympics.他们正在努力确保到2022 年时为北京冬奥会安装5G终端。主动 形式 表示 被动 意义“系动词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep 等+ 形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常用主动形式表 示被动意义。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种 羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。当 sell, read, cut, wash, write, o
19、pen, wear（磨 损）,run（运转）,bum等不及物动词后有状语 （well/easily等）修饰,用来表小主语的属性、特 征或功能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。Have you bought the book that sells well these days?I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买了最近销售 得很好的那本书了吗?我认为它适合我们青少年。特别提醒有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，如:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belong to属 于;date from/back to 追溯到;take par
20、t in 参加;等等。不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，如:happen/take place/occur发生;remain乘lj F;last持续;break out爆发;come out出版;come up被提出;run out用元;等等。3：解题技巧谓语动词三步解题法一定语态特别注意二根据语境和动词的用法确定使用主动语态还是被动语态情态动词+动词原形”的形式I主动形式表被动意义的动词或动词短语根据时间状语或上下文时态的运用确定具体时态二定时态4特别注意二时态的替代，一般现在时代替一般将来时现在进行时代替一般将来时定句型中的时态运用L 三看主谓一致一根据主语确定谓语动词的适当形式二：单句
21、语法填空1 .He graduated from university last year and(work) in our company ever since.2 .Hopefully by 2025 we(develop) more convenient electronic products.3 .Scientists said that continued greenhouse gas emission(result) in long-lasting changes to the global climate.4 .Last week I took part in the Civil
22、 Service Admission Examination, for which I (prepare) for nearly three months.5 .The new technology ( provide) people everywhere with many benefits over the years.6 .The manager got to the company in a hurry, only to find that he (leave) his laptop at home.7.1 t was in March.Surrounded by a group of
23、 girls who(point) at me and laughed at me, I couldnt help crying.7.2 ver the past few months, I(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.7.3 ne day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.10.While online shopping (change) ou
24、r life, not all of its effects have been positive.11 .When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody(have) to worry about fashion12.While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.13.While running regularly cant make you liv
25、e forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.14.Mr Wang said that he (explain) the problem before the plan was carried out. However, he was asked to do it again.15.It was the first time that he (visit) the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was
26、 so impressed by its fast development.16.Hopefully, in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.17.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke an
27、d noise.18.Surprisingly, a few years later, I am back in Virginia where I (grow) up and have just launched my very own insurance platform with my wife, Jade.19.On Oct. 5th, Tu Youyou (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from Ireland a
28、nd Japan.20. They swear to marry each other, but (oppose)strongly by their parents and villagers.21.Some American scholars(think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the limited water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population grow
29、th.22.A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage 一 mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.23.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system
30、in which patients(treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).1 4.1n the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only we give them tips onhow to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books.25 .When the two par
31、ts(put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.26 .The team(treat) more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakista
32、n.27 . For years, large number of Harry Potter fans(be) to Edinburgh, Scotland, to visit the sites where it was reported author J.K. Rowling had started writing the series.28 .There are two main reasons for that. First, Chinese cultural and tourism authorities(promote) Chinese culture for long.29 .1
33、n April, the ministry advised that a primary school student(go) to bed before 9:20 pm, a middle school student before 10 pm and high school student before 11 pm separately, 99.8 percent of primary and secondary schools have issued rules preventing students bringing smartphones to class and provided
34、communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency, he said.30 .Scientists showed the first-ever photograph of a black hole on April 10, 2019. The photo(show) at press conferences held at the same time in Shanghai, Taipei, Tokyo, Washington DC, Brussels and Santiago. 三：篇章语法
35、填空Passage ANowadays, Chinese people j (impress) by the progress of our country, which is extremely exciting. We 2 (make) great progress in science and technology in the past decades, especially the progress in space exploration. We conquered the space, and the conquest represents a visible proof of
36、our nations 3 (strong).The advances in space technology will be 4 (benefit) to us in the long run. Thanks to communication satellites, we can see television pictures transmitted (传送)across the globe, and we can communicate with our friends and business partners 5 are far away from us. Without explor
37、ing thespace, we could never figure out its mysteries (奥秘)or broaden our horizons far beyond the boundary of 6 planet Earth.Besides, what distinguishes us from animals 7(be) that we know we need to explore. Actually, the space technology is not only the search 8 knowledge but also a mirror of the de
38、velopment of ournation. We will become proud of our motherland, We will devote ourselves to 9 (develop) our country.China is growing stronger and stronger, and it will never fall behind in the progress of science and technology. We are looking forward to new W (breakthrough) , and we believe they wi
39、ll come up in the near future.Passage BPeople use the saying out of this world,1 to praise something as exceptional. But, at auction(拍卖)house Sothebys Dubai, officials are using I term literally.The company announced this week that it will sell a black diamond 2 they say is believed to have fallen t
40、o Earth from outer space. That would make it a literal out of this world jewel. It 3 (weigh) 555.55 carats. One carat equals 200 milligrams.The rare stone 4(show) to reporters at Sothebys last Monday. Next month, it will be put up for sale at Sotheby*s in London. Sothebys expects the purchase price
41、will reach 5 least $6.8 million.Experts at the National Space Foundation in the United States call black diamonds carbonado diamonds/1 On 6(it) website, the science 7(organize) writes that carbonado diamonds form during supernova(超新星)explosions. HBlack diamonds/* the website says, n8(be) once the si
42、ze of asteroids (小彳亍星)a kilometer or more1 across when they first began to hit Earth.Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and are found 9(nature) only in Brazil and Central Africa. Experts say study of the W(stone) chemical structure leads them to believe they come from space.Passage CWhen the Wint
43、er Olympics met Chinese New Year, Beijing made everyone?s stay in China 36(enjoy)with a wonderful experience of Chinese culture. As the worlds first “dual Olympic city”, it 37(pay)attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth 38(operate) of the Games whileovercoming the dif
44、ficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes 39 its excellent venue (场地)services during theGames. One of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue 40 witnessed the epic victory of18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing, also 41(know) as Eile
45、en Gu. Eileen spoke 42(high) of this competition venue,43 all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kindthat they had set foot on.The design concept of this platform 44(develop) from the traditional painting in Dunhuang, GansuProvince. The Shougang Big Air is the only snow eve
46、nt venue in downtown Beijing, making it the coolest thing for Big Air athletes 45(jump) against the backdrop of coolant towers. Besides, the venue will be a permanentbig air facility, the first of its kind in the world.Passage DSome people love to read books. They cant get enough of the 36(print) wo
47、rd. Others have a bigappetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an 37(enthusiasm) reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival,38 you can have your book and eat it, too!In such festivals, people create projects and present 39 to judges. There are two rules:
48、the project mustbe made of food, and it must be based 40 a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factoryfrom Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like “Best Pun. A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different 41(meaning), like tale and tail. A possible 42(win) for BestPun might show Peter Rabbit, the