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1、2021年北京市高考真题英语试卷北京卷英语本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept 1 a young woman in
2、 a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The womans eye fell on the mans face, and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 The woman looked ove
3、r at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fire in her eyes. I was beginning to get 4, too.The train moved on. The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to 6 the half-open window-one leg went over it. The m
4、an jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the woman. She seemed to be in 9 and then reality dawned（显现）. “Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window, “the man said as he gave the child back to her. . “Sol have been watching the whole time. The w
5、oman was 10, and so was I.1. A. guidingB. botheringC. watchingD.monitoring2. A. adjustedB.changedC. packedD. waved3. A. airB.joyC. spaceD. rest4. A. nervousB. embarrassedC. angryD.disappointed5. A. almostB. stillC. hardlyD. even6 A. dragB. climbC. knockD. push7. A. grabbedB. rockedC. touchedD. picke
6、d8. A. alarmB. quarrelC. riskD. noise9. A. sorrowB. reliefC. panicD. pain10. A. astonishedB. confusedC. concernedD. inspired第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Why do we dream? Scientists arent completely sure, and they have diverse 11(idea). Dreams
7、 might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空
8、白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 14 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she live
9、d. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could16(safe) wait for the police to take her home.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18(cause) largely by rising glo
10、bal temperatures,according to a new report fromthe United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 20 (invest) in dis
11、aster prevention. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship (实习)at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university
12、 studies； or.You are studying in a graduate program for a masters degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requirements ?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command （掌握） of either English
13、or French.You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa： You should obtain the necessary vis
14、as.Travel： You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance： You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid （有 效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance c
15、overage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.Medical certificate： You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter： You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers an
16、d will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.21. According to this passage, applicants are required to.A. h
17、old a masters degree in scienceB. have international work experienceC. be fluent in either English or FrenchD. present a letter from a technical institution22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?A. Limited medical insurance coverage.B. Training in communication skills.C. A medical ce
18、rtificate for work.D. Financial support for travel.23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form?A. Contact UNESCO managers.B. Get access to the database.C. Keep a motivation letter at hand.D. Work in a team for six months.BI remember the day during our first week of class wh
19、en we were informed about our semester （学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC）. My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to
20、make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children
21、. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair （绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kitsone kit, one child.The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the ef
22、forts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was
23、 completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I
24、would never forget.In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.24. How did the auth
25、or feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A. It would affect his/her initial plans.B. It would involve traveling overseas.C. It would not bring him/her a good grade.D It would not live up to his/her expectations.25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the projec
26、t?A. Images of Iraqi children.B. Research by his/her classmates.C.A teachefs introduction.D.A representatives comments.26. The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to.A.become OIC volunteersB.further their educationC.study in foreign countriesD.influence other children27. What can
27、 we conclude from this passage?A. Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B. First impression cannot always be trusted.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. He who hesitates is lost.CHundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last Decem
28、ber: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario（情景）this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages migh
29、t create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very lon
30、g ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars, warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is
31、 more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the ecological fbotprinf, concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With
32、 the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,“ Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits “the December warning lettersays, can we have the ho
33、pe to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）
34、on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. Lets look directly into the issue of collapse/9 they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future/928. What does the underlined word “germane“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credibl
35、e.C.Original.D.Relevant.29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatoriesmay change thebiophysical limits.B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.C. The issue of collapseisbeingp
36、rioritized.D. The global collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Todays state-of-the-art at
37、omic （原子的）clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can*t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology? What if we allowe
38、d environmental conditions to set the tempo （节奏）of human life? Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate （调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,
39、I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. Were now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and
40、global environmental changes. Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both
41、short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. Its a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （时间 框架）,and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live i
42、n harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteractit by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societi
43、es also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, peoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping
44、systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of times most noticeable qualities： Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpos
45、e.31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 ?A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.32. The author raises three questions in Paragra
46、ph 2 mainly to.A. present an assumptionB. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experimentD. introduce an approach33. What can we learn from this passage?A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C. Atomic time wil
47、l get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D. Modem technology may help to shape the rivers5 temporal frame.34. What can we infer from this passage?A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C. We should live in harmony with nature.D. Histo
48、ry is a mirror reflecting reality.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂选项中有两项为多余选项.Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 35 The mental health benefits from music cant be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.36However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心）the mind from the pain, music, people say, can