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1、UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE续写语料积累XUXIE YULIAO JILEI增厚文学底蕴背诵句之美L （行为描写）（2019 全国卷I ） It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants.2 .（心理描写）（2021 沈阳市模拟）With each visit, I could feel the ache in my heart lessen.3 .（人物描写）（2020 天5聿卷）There are too many extremely lonely people i
2、n his community, who are easy targets of cheating.欣赏语之秀（2021 长沙市适应性考试）The only daughter of the family was Jane, a shy girl, aged 14, the same age of my oldest son David. It seemed that she came from a financially disadvantaged family, for she always wore old clothes. Worse still, in such cold days,
3、she had no more clothes to wear and trembled with cold.JICHU ZHISHI SHULI基础知识梳理构建知识体系课标单词背诵（先填后背）第一组1. flood n.洪水，水灾2. drought n.旱灾，干旱3. hurricane n. 飓风4. volcanic adi,火山的;由火山作用引起的5. eruption n. 爆发6. wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物7. comment n. 评论； 意见高考原句 2018 北京卷A rescue worker risked his life saving two tou
4、rists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.(l)be trapped in.被困在be caught in 被困在be stuck in 被困在(2) set/lay a trap设置陷阱;布下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。To break out of the poverty trap they need help from the government.为了摆脱贫困的处境，他们需要政府的帮助
5、。厂语块存储trap you into buying what you dont need 诱骗你买不需要的东西fall into the trap of going shopping 落入购物的陷阱基础练习单句语法填空Many people trapped(trap) in buildings died before they could be rescued.I was trapped into admitting I had done wrong.链接写作完成句子他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。They were trapped in the burning building.5. attem
6、pt n, &.努力，尝试，企图高考原旬 2019 全国卷 I Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.(1)attempt to do sth.试图/努力做某事(2)at the/ones first attempt 第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事make an/no attempt to do sth.企图做某事/没有做某事的企图The prisoners attempted an escape, but f
7、ailed.囚犯们企图逃跑，但失败了。He studied hard in an attempt to pass the exam.他努力学习试图通过考试。二语块存储give up the attempt in despair 在绝望 中放弃make a further attempt 做进一步尝试study hard in an attempt to pass the exam 努力学习试图通过考试IJ基础练习单句语法填空The students who are not successful at the first attempt may take the exam again.You s
8、hould make an attempt to make(make) friends with her.链接写作句多译昨天我试图说服他，但是徒劳无果。Yesterday, I attempted to persuade him, but in vain, (attempt v.)(2)Yesterday, I made an attempt to persuade him, but in vain, (attempt n.)6. measure 课本义”.估量，衡量；测量增补义n.措施；标准评定高考原句 2021 新高考卷 I lt can be measured by an IQ test
9、.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事make. . . to ones own measure根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)A dipstick is used to measure how much oil is left in an engine.量油尺是用来探查引擎中的剩余油量的。The government has taken measures to prevent pollution.政府已采取措施控制污染。厂语块存储measure the width of the gap测量一下这条缝隙的宽度take measures to stop the pollutio
10、n 采取措施阻止污染IJ名师点津当measure表示“量起来有长/高/宽”时,是不及物 动词，没有被动语态。基础练习单句语法填空It is high time that we should take measures to protect (protect) endangered animals.My mother made me a pair of trousers to my own measure.The desk is long enough, which measures (measure) one and a half metres.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)We will do
11、 something to prevent the river from being polluted.(高级表达)We will take measures to prevent the river from being polluted.7. anxiously 加.焦虑地；不安地(l)be anxious about 为担心/忧虑be anxious for sth.渴望某事be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事(2) anxiety .忧虑，担忧with anxiety 焦虑地The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return
12、of her relatives.老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。厂语块存储anxiously awaiting the result of the test 焦急地等待着检测的结果hope for her letter anxiously 巴望着她的回信基础练习单句语法填空Jack still can，t help being anxious about his job interview.Peggy is anxious to show(show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.链接写作句多译我忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。I was a
13、nxiously waiting for his phone call, (anxiously)I was waiting for his phone call with anxiety, (anxiety)8. observe 课本义”观察；注意增补义“遵守；庆祝高考原句 2018 天津卷Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.(1) observe that.看到observe sb. do/doing sth.看到某人做/正在做某事observe sth. done注意到某事被做(2)observati
14、on n.注意，观察Tom observed a stranger enter his garden.汤姆注意到一个陌生人进入了他的花园。All citizens should observe traffic rules.每位公民都应该遵守交通规则。厂语块存储observe the Mid- Autumn Festival 庆祝中秋节observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则名师点津observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to。基础练习单句语法填空The man was observed to enter(enter) the bank by the p
15、oliceman.Most information was collected by direct observation(observe) of the animals behaviour.链接写作句多译他将与家人一起庆祝中秋节。He will celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with his family, (celebrate)He will observe the Mid-Autumn Festival with his family, (observe)9. run out用完；耗尽run into碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到run over(车辆)碾压；
16、匆匆看一遍；浏览run after追逐；追求run across无意 间碰到If were not careful, we，re going to run out of gas.如果我们不小心使用，我们将会耗尽汽油。名师点津“用完”的不同run out of “用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人, 可用于被动语态；run out “用完（=become used up）,是不及物动词短语， 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use up “用完”， 是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。基础练习单句语法填空We went too fast round the co
17、rner and ran into a lamppost.He was run over and killed by a bus.The dog was running after a rabbit.链接写作句多译问题是我们的钱已经用完了。The problem is that we have run out of money.The problem is that our money has run out.10. break down 课本义停止运转，出故障增补义（身体）垮掉；（谈判等）失败；分解；划分；崩溃；拆毁break out（坏事）爆发；突然发生break in强行闯入；打断谈话b
18、reak up破碎；解散；分手break through 突破；冲破We were driving half when the car broke down.当汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶到一半的路程。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。二语块存储Ahis car broke down on the way他的车在路上抛锚了break down in tears 痛哭流涕break down if you work too hard过分辛劳身体会垮掉基础练习单句语法填空Not long after his re
19、turn, a local war broke out near his town. He broke in with some ideas of his own.链接写作完成句子他的车坏了，得坐公交车了。His car broke down, so he needed to take a bus.11. 教材原句The first, the larger the bodies were， the more rapidly they fell.第一，物体越大，下降速度越快(1)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从 句的情况而变化。两个the+比较级”要分别放在两个句子
20、的主谓结构之 前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时一，两句常采用省略形式。(2)第一个the+比较级”是条件状语从句，第二个“the+比较级” 是主句。如果第二个“the+比较级”用一般将来时，则第一个“the+比较 级”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。金句推送(2021 全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.我们看至(J的越多，就越能看到社会因素
21、像性别、种族和阶 级并不能决定天才的出现。基础练习单句语法填空The more we do for the people, the happier (happy) we will feel.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.链接写作完成句子她越学越想学。The more she learns, the more she wants to learn.12. 教材原句Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。使用完全倒装句的几种情况
22、:(1)在以 here, there, then, now, out, in, up, down, away, ahead 等副词 开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。(2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒 装。(3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短 时，更需要倒装。(4)such置于句首时，such多被认为是表语。金句推送 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，眼前站着一个他以前从未见过的女孩。
23、基础练习单句语法填空Under that tree sits(sit) a beautiful girl.Present at the conference were(be) experts from all over the world.Such are the facts, no one can deny them.链接写作完成句子我们渴望的时刻终于到了。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.(用倒装句型)13. 教材原句If people hadnt taken the meat, the wolves would have
24、left the farmers， sheep alone.如果人们不把肉拿走，狼就不会打农民的羊的主意了。对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用had done形式，主句用would/should/could have done 形式。(2)对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用 would/should/might/could + 动词原形”。(3)对将来情况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动 词的过去式三种形式，主句谓语用“ would/should/might/could+动词原形”。金句推送If I hadn，t seen it with my
25、 own eyes, I wouldn，t have believed it.如果我不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。基础练习单句语法填空If I were(be) you, I would choose to work in a small town.If it snowed(snow) tomorrow, our plan would be postponed.If I had read (read) the book, I would have told you about it.链接写作完成句子如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到李先生。If I had got there earlier, I
26、would have met Mr. Li.关键能力评估GUANJIAN NENGLI PINGGU强化运用技能夯基固本一一基础落实I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1. I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor(survive) of the accident.2. She didnt dare to go there by air because she was frightened(frighten) that the plane would crash.3. People gathered
27、 round, curious to know(know) what is happening.4. The firefighters tried to save the people trapped(trap) under buildings.5. I attempted to persuade(persuade) him to support my action.6. Michael glanced anxiously(anxious) down the corridor, but Mary was nowhere to be seen.7. The pond is not big, me
28、asuring(measure) about 2 metres across.8. It was not until 1980 that the festival was observed (observe) in their country.9. The hungrier(hungry) they became, the harder they worked.10. Our school is easy to find, in front of which stands (stand) a tower, n .在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. Children are always curio
29、us about everything in the world.2. The little girl was frightened into crying when a snake came out behind a tree.3. She set a trap for him and he walked straight into it.4. Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.5. Hurry up! Time is running out for the trapped miners. 查缺补漏知识拾遗I .用所给词
30、的正确形式填空。1. The student had difficulty working(work) out the maths problem.2. We are making preparations(prepare) to move to new offices.3. Nothing can compensate for the loss(lose) of a loved one.4. Honesty(honest) is one of his best qualities.5. Charles was at the clinic recovering from an operatio
31、n(operate) on his arm.II .在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. The disaster caused great damage to our crops last year.2. I need your help； please dont turn your back on me.3. One chocolate bar like this is equal to a large meal in calorie intake.4. She waved vaguely in the direction of the house.5. He worked hard at hi
32、s study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.强技提能一一语言运用I.课文语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括 号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott began his journey 1. to the Antarctica. At the same time, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar sum
33、mer, both teams organised food bases in 2. preparation(prepare) for their journeys. Amundsen reached the Antarctica first. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott 3. finally(final) arrived at the Pole. They 4. were shocked (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his dia
34、ry： Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing一and goodbye to most of our 5. dreams(dream). ”The return journey was one of the 6. worst(bad) in the history of exploration. 7. Though they were cheerful, Scott realised their hopeless situation. Then a terri
35、ble storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours 8. writing (write). He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scotts death shocked 9. the world. He failed to win the race to the Pole, but the bravery 10. shown (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.n.文本写作Step 1.要
36、点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)大约三年前，鲍勃遭遇了一次可怕的风暴，使他的身心受到重创。About three years ago, Bob experienced a terrible storm, which broken his body and soul.一天，他冒险去那些岛屿捕比别人更多的鱼。他遭遇到了可怕的风暴。One day, when he risked going to the islands and got more fish, he met with a horrible storm.他掉进海里，朝着漩涡的方向前进。He fell into the sea an
37、d was pushed in the direction of the whirlpool. 鲍勃感觉恶心，但位于漩涡的边缘时，他感到更镇静。Bob felt sick but when he was on the edge of the whirlpool ? he felt calmer. 他做了三个重要的观察。He made three important observations.基于他的观察，他把自己绑在一个木桶上帮助他幸存下来。Based on what he had observed, he tied himself to a barrel, which helped him
38、to survive.Step 2.衔接成文（利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇）About three years ago. Bob experienced a terrible storm, which broken his body and soul. One day, when he lisked going to the islands and got more fish, he met with a horrible storm. Unfortunately, he fell into the sea and was pushed in the diiection of the whi
39、rlpool. Bob felt sick but when he was on the edge of the whirlpool, he felt calmei. After a while, he made thiee important observations. Based on what he had observed, he tied himself to a barrel, which helped him to survive.8. crowded 力.拥挤的;挤满人的9. landscape n.风景，景色10. living adj. 5舌的,活着的11. weed n.
40、野草；海藻12. deer n.鹿13. insect n.昆虫14. whale n.鲸15. dolphin n.海豚16. shark n.鲨（鱼）17. kangaroo n. 袋鼠18. eagle n.鹰19. fox n.狐狸20. soil n. 土壤21. climate n.气候22. ecology n.生态；生态学23. jungle n.（热带）丛林24. lecture n.讲座，讲课；演讲25. overuse 过度使用;滥用26. million n.百万27. greenhouse n.温室，暖房28. 邂.题目，标题第二组1. wave .海浪；波涛2. e
41、scape ui,&.逃离;逃避3. file n.档案，卷宗4. poetry .诗歌；作诗的艺术5. soul n.灵魂6. horrible adj.可怕的,吓人的，令人恐惧的7. edge n.边缘8. observation n.观察；观察结果extent n.面积；长度；范围；程度9. tube n.圆管，管子；（伦敦）地铁vehicle n.交通工具，车辆10. trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中death n.死，死亡11. loss n.丧失；死亡damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害12. measure 估量,衡量；测量operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作13.
42、overseas 弗.在海外,在外国site n.场所，地点14. process n.过程，进程battle n.较量，竞争;斗争；战斗15. duty n.职责，义务；责任suffering .（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；折磨16. conduct ”实施;进行；执行；沅.&.指挥lamp n.灯17. nearby ado.附近breathe vi. &切.呼吸18. dust n.灰尘；尘埃第三组1. explorer n.探险者；勘察者ski n.滑雪板；vi.滑雪2. boot n.靴子captain n.队长；组长3. polar.极地的，地极的base n.基地，大本营；基础vt.
43、以为基地4. anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿5. exploration n.探险；探索cheerful adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的6. prove ut,证明；证实distant 力 久远的；遥远的7. conticont n.洲，大洲；大陆honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直8. sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为9. brochure n.小册子shelter n.避难所10. aftershock n.（地震的）余震observe切.观察；注意11. metal n.金属varied 4由
44、.各种各样的,形形色色的12. scary adj.可怕的,恐怖的harmless adj.无害的13. skiing n.滑雪运动originality n.独创性；创造力14. disappearance n. 消亡； 消失单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1. disaster n.灾难；灾祸2. equal nd/.相等的;相同的3. rescue n. &vt.营救；救援4. attempt n. &”.努力，尝试，企图5. interrupt vt.打断讲话用所给词的适当形式填空。1 . The village was struck by one of the worst disaste
45、rs(disaster) in history.2 . The money was divided equally (equal) among his four children.3 . Luckily, the drowning boy was rescued (rescue) by a kind man at last.4 . He ran quickly to the old woman, attempting (attempt) to save her frombeing knocked down.5. He spoke for twenty minutes without inter
46、ruption/being interrupted(internipt).派生单词1. Shock ”.使震惊；使难以置信 f shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking 。切.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的2. . survive vi. &vt. 活下来；幸存 f survivor n.幸存者；幸免者f survival n.幸存，幸免3. fright n.受惊，害怕frighten o.使 害怕，使受惊f frightened adi.受惊的, 害怕的f frightening 动.令人害怕的4. curious adj.好奇的f curiosity n.好 奇，好奇心5. prep
47、are vt.准备，预备f preparation n.预备，准备6. protect ,保护； 防护 f protection .保护；防护语境运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。1 . Everyone in the street was shocked when they heard the shocking news, (shock)2 . Only one passenger survived the air crash. When the survivor was interviewed, he said his survival was a wonder, (survive)3 . On seeing