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1、广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期综合测试英语试题一本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADo you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping（飞奔）horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is-the first stop-motion movie wa
2、s made because of a bet. The question was: do all four of the horses hooves （蹄）leave the ground at the same time at any point of the gallop? And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.Stanford claimed that, at some point of the gallop, all
3、 four of the horses hooves are in the air. Some of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridges task to provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 co
4、uldnt really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didnt exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed to prove that Sta
5、nford was right, but he still didnt have the process perfected.In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers （触发器）connected to shutters （快门）for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped
6、the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.The photos showed that Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a zoopraxiscope, whic
7、h was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to photography and his invention, the cinema was bom.1. Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie?A. Difficult.B. Une
8、xpected.C. Serious.D. Interesting.2. Why did Muybridge have to be creative? A. Because he was lacking in devices.B. Because he was afraid of failure.C. Because he was short of experience.D. Because he was interested in experiment.3. What can we know about Muybridges experiment?A. Twelve horses gallo
9、ped at the same time.B. Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.C. One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.D. The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.4. What is the best title for the article?A. A special history of cinema.B. A popular study about horses.C. A be
10、t inspired the birth of cinema.D. A question led to great experiments.【答案】l.B 2. A 3. D 4.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时 介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 “Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping（飞奔）horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and t
11、he funny thing is-the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.（你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影 吗？埃德沃德迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是一一第一部定格电影就是因 为一个打赌而拍摄的）”可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。故对于第一部 定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldnt really capture the thing
12、s moving quickly. Movie cameras still didnt exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative.（现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移 动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意）”可 知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill o
13、n a new level. He set twelve wired triggers （触发器）connected to shutters （快门）for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.
14、（ 1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了 12个 连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马 在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒）”可知，相机的 在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章 介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。故C项“一场赌博激发 了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。BA character in one of Shakespeares plays once sai
15、d, “Some are bom great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are bom to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that
16、 they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged （认可）by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.With this acknowledgement of their “greatness“ come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility.
17、For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive
18、 influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars of the present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fa
19、ct that the self-righteous （自 以为是的）anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye
20、 of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service-unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them
21、as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes action
22、s, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modem day sportsmen are almost ideals of todays world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain
23、 against it, denying their influence on these childrens lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.5. In Pa
24、ragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize.A. sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by peoplesportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and effortsB. different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatnessthe core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays6. Accor
25、ding to Paragraph 4, we can learn that.A. role models usually have positive influence on their fanssportsmen have the right to behave freely within the lawB. all the fans will follow their heroes actionsno duty is given to sportsmen7. The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably me
26、ans.A. put offB. removed fromC. related toD. forcedon8. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise the media to choose proper events to report.B. To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models.C. To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities.D. To argue that sportsmen sh
27、ould not be expected as heroes.【答案】5.A6.B7. D 8.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的 人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged （认 可）by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.（然而, 尽管有争议, 直至他 们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才
28、真正伟大。）”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人 们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community serviceunless their behaviors are illegal.（当然，运动员没有义务成为好 榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务一 除非他们的行为是违法的。）”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。
29、故选B。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句Some are bom great, some achieve greatness（有些人生 来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大）”可知，划线短语所在句“and some have greatness thrust upon themv是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大，所以thrust upon意为“被迫,强加于”。故选D。【8题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句uDue to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media,
30、it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.（由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们 的责任比以往任何时候都重要。）”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的 行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选 CoCWashing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but for many women around the world it can do
31、harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? Paid work J replied Aleas, a 49-year-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyones clothes by hand
32、 and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives. A mother or a child doesnt have to spend 20 ho
33、urs a week washing clothes by hand J said Nav Sawhney, an engineering student at University of Bath in the UK.Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes witho
34、ut a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhneys washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.After research
35、 in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. Ifs also made out of things that are easy to get and repla
36、ce, which means it doesnt need much money to make it. Sawhney and his volunteers won the support of University of Bath, and already received orders from Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.9. What does washing clothes by hand mean to Aleas?A. A hard way of making a living.B. A simple method of killing time.C.
37、 The tiring housework she has to do.D. The family duty she volunteers to do.10. Why was the washing machine named after Divya?A. She inspired the invention.B. She helped with the design.C. She was the first to order it.D. She thought up the idea first.11. What can we learn about the washing machine
38、“Divya”?A. It is cheap and water-saving.B. It is mainly promoted in India.C. It is shared by a community.D. It is free to use.12. What is the main purpose of Sawhneys washing machines?A. To develop the market in developing countries.B. To reduce womens burden in low-income areas.C. To take the place
39、 of traditional washing machines.D. To wash clothes in an environmentally-friendly way.【答案】9.C10. A 11. A 12. B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述洗衣机Divya由来。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyones clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caus
40、ed her back pain.（她 每周花8-12个小时用手洗每个人的衣服，并描述了坐在脚上所需的身体姿势是如何引起背 部疼痛的）”可知，对Aleas来说，用手洗衣服是她每周必做的很累的家务活。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing
41、clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhneys washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.（
42、Sawhney 发明了一种手动操作的可移动洗衣 机。当他在印度南部遇到的一位名叫Divya的女士解释不用洗衣机洗衣的困难时，他产生 了这个想法。在许多发展中国家，妇女和女孩经常肩负这一重担。现在，Sawhney的洗衣 机，他以这位女性的名字命名为Divya,可以大大减少洗衣时间，让女性和年轻女孩接受 教育并有报酬工作）”可知，Sawhney把洗衣机以Divya的名字命名，是因为Divya对他发 明洗衣机带来了灵感。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well
43、 as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. Ifs also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesnt need much money to make it.（
44、经过对伊拉克、黎巴嫩、菲律宾、约旦以及印度的研究，Sawhney 发明了一种每次只需10升水的机器，相比之下，一台典型的电机每次需要30升水，这在 缺水的地方非常重要。它也是由容易获得和更换的东西制成的，这意味着它不需要太多钱 来制作）”可知，Sawhney发明的这款洗衣机省水并且便宜。故选A。32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to
45、 take charge of their lives.（洗衣机项目为低收入社区提供了便捷的洗衣解决方案。它的任务是帮助女性节省时间 来管理自己的生活）”可知，发明洗衣机的目的是要减少低收入社区的女性在洗衣服上所花 费的时间和辛苦。故选B。DQuantum （量子）computers have been on my mind a lot lately A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as h
46、umans. Tve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companie
47、s have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.This is the sort of hype （炒作）that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making prom
48、ises they cant keep. Whats new, Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their wo
49、rks potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to underst