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1、主题语境39人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系课前主题词汇积累没有词汇，什么也表达不了记牢主题词汇有空就记常见单词1. abortion n.人工流产；堕胎2. absolute/z.完全的；绝对的；确实的absolutely。由.完全地（quite）;绝对地用于强调确实Absolutely!正是；当然！Absolutely not!绝对不行；当然不！3. abstractW.抽象的；抽象派的.抽象派作品；摘要；梗概4. abuse.&.滥用；虐待；辱骂5. adjust”.调整；调节.&式.（使）适应;（使）习惯（adapt）adjustto （doing） sth.适应（做）某事adjusto
2、neselftosth .使某人适应某事adjustablec.可调整的；可调节的6. administrations?.U管理;行政；行政部门C政府7. adult.C成年人8. anger”. U生气；愤怒”使生气；激怒inanger气冲冲地9. dormitory儿C寝室；宿舍（dorm）10. dot% C点；小圆点；（莫尔斯电码中的）点”.在（上/上方）加点；点缀；星罗棋布于bedottedwith 布满11. expose.使暴露；使显露揭露；揭发使面临；使处于的作用/影响之下 使接触；使体验exposures.U暴露；显露U揭露；揭发12. facial。&.面部的13. fis
3、t/i.C拳头14. general。力全体的；总的；大体的；概括性一般的；普遍的；综合的；通用的 用于职位首席的；级别最高的.C将军；上将Aingeneral一般地；大体上总的说来；从总体上看regretforthesefailures.(2)Theywontgobacktoworkunlesssomeonecanmeettheirneeds (need).选词填空(inneed/inneedof)Itincludeshelpingkidswiththeirlessonsandraisingmoneyforfamilies(3)in need.Weknowtheyare (4)in need
4、 ofourhelp.5. the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”I 以文化人Heisalwaysthe first to bearhardshipsandthe last to enjoycomforts.他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。用法规则(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时,常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是 不定式动作的地点、工具，
5、不定式后面须加相应的介词。注意事项动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ab山ty, chance, aim, goal, purpose, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief 等。对点练习单句语法填空Iflhaveanyfurthemews, youwillbethefirstpersonto know (know).Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptsto contact (contact) youfailed.(3)Shehason
6、lyalittleroomtolivein.Theabilityto express (express) anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.6. be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”以 文 化 人Women whoeatplentyoffreshvegetablesarefarlesslikelytosufferanxietyordepression.吃新鲜蔬菜多的女性患焦虑症或抑郁症的概率要小很多。用法规则(l)sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事It is likely that.很可能(2)
7、unlikely adj.不大可能发生的be unlikely to .不可能注意事项likely 用于“It is likely that ”和“sb./sth.be likely to do sth.” 句型中,但 不用于“It is likely for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型中。对点练习完成句子hatmeansthepriceis likely todownbecauseofthecompetition.这意味着由于竞争，价格可能会下降。is unlikely to be acceptedunderpres entcondition.我知道布朗先生不同意你的看法。在
8、目前的情况下，你的建议不大可能被接受。It is likely that youmakeyourfriendsfeelembairassedifyoudontknowChinesetablemanners. 如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你可能会让你的朋友感到尴尬。句型转换Ifyougrowupinalargefamily, youaremorelikelytodeveloptheabilitytogetonwellwithothers. -Ifyougrowupinalargefamily,it is more likely thatyoudeveloptheabilitytogetonwell
9、withothers.“完形”语段练中巩固XiaoWangdroppedoutofschoolearlybecausehisfamilywaspoor.Whenhecametoafactory, he suffered （遭 受）manydifficultiesbecauseofhispooreducation.What （2） impressed （印 象最深 的） himmostwasthathewaslaughedatbyayoungman.He bicame aware of （意 识 至U ） thehorrorofnoknowledge.Therefore, hewas dying
10、 to （渴望）learnfurther.Heworkedinthefactory, and meanwhile （同 时）， hestudiedbyhimselfintheevening.Finally, hewasadmittedtoauniversity.Afterarrivingattheuniversity, headjusted himself to （使适应）theuniversitylifeveryquickly.Hemadeuphismindthathewouldcherishtheopportunitytolearnandtryto makehimselfausefulpe
11、rsontothesociety.“双语”美文以读促写On the Road（Excerpt）rdbeenporingovermapsoftheUnitedStatesinPatersonformonths, evenreadingbooksaboutthepioneersandsavoringnameslikePlatteandCimarronandsoon, andontheroad-mapwasonelongredlinecalledRoute6thatledfromthetipofCapeCodcleartoEly, Nevada, andtheredippeddowntoLosAng
12、eles.riljuststayon6allthewaytoEly, Isaidtomyselfandconfidentlystarted.Togetto6IhadtogouptoBear Mountain.FilledwithdreamsofwhatlddoinChicago, inDenver, andthenfinallyinSanFran, ItooktheSeventhAvenuesubwaytotheendofthelineat242ndStreet, andtheretookatrolleyintoYonkers; indowntown YonkersItransferredto
13、anoutgoingtrolleyandwenttothecitylimitsontheeastbankoftheHud sonRiver.lfyoudroparoseintheHudsonRiveratitsmysterioussourceintheAdirondacks, thinkofalltheplacesitjoumeysbyasitgoesouttoseaforever-thinkofthatwonderfulHudson Valley.（Tobecontinued）译文助读在路上（节选）几个月来，我一直在帕特森钻研美利坚合众国的地图，甚至阅读有关拓荒者以及普拉特 和锡马龙之类的别
14、有风味的名字的书籍，而路线图上有一道名为六号线的红色长线，从科德 角顶端开始，延伸到内华达州的伊利，然后拐到洛杉矶。我对自己说只要沿着六号线，直到 伊利就行了，于是随即满怀信心地出发。要到六号线，先得登上熊山。我充满了在芝加哥、 丹佛和最终在旧金山打算做些什么的幻想，在第七街乘地铁到了第二四二街的终点站，换乘 无轨电车到扬克斯；从扬克斯的闹市区换乘去郊区方向的无轨电车，到哈得孙河东岸市区边 界。假如你在阿迪朗达克哈得孙河神秘的源头扔下一支玫瑰，它迂回曲折，一直流到大海， 永不回头，想想看，它途经多少地方想想那奇妙的哈得孙河流域。（未完待续）二、这样考主题注重“思维品质”和“文化意识”Readi
15、ng精读高考真题，发掘内蕴价值（2018全国卷HI阅读理解B篇）1 Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.New York City,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewg
16、raduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelops lowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.ini 896, Dawson, Canada, wasunmappedwilderness （荒里予） Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein 1897, andtwoyearslater, itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest, with a population of30,000.f2Dawson
17、didnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentther eforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.Thepath toDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche （雪 崩） onceclosedthepath,killing63people.Formanywho
18、madeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.0fthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.Aboutl00ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.3 Butnomatterhowrichthey were,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon, thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadal
19、lbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithn oi nteresti nsettlingdown, andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesin Alaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustr yofDawson City-itspresentpopul
20、ationis762.（语篇中红体词汇为主题词汇）24. WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNew York City?A Itsbusinessculture.B. Itssmallpopulation.C Itsgeographicalposition.D. Itsfavourableclimate.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句People settle in these places . New YorkCity, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson Ri
21、ver.”可知，纽约市吸引早 期定居者之处就是它靠近哈德逊河入海口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早 期的定居者。故选C。25. WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A - Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B - Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C Almosteveryonegaveup.D. Halfofthemdied.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got r
22、ich.”可知，在最先的两万名淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，即有五分之 一的人变得富有了。故选B。26. WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C. Therewereunabletostandthewinter.D Theywereshortoffood.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The city was crowded . new gold discoveries in Alaska,
23、they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，在阿拉斯加发现新的金子， 因此人们离开道森去阿拉斯加碰运气了。故选B。27. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A Theriseandfallofacity.B ThegoldrushinCanada.C Journeysintothewilderness.D - TourisminDawson.解析：选A主旨大意题。文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，并引出道森这一城市 的兴起；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落和现状，由此可知，文章 主要讲述了加拿大城
24、市道森的兴衰。故选A。素养透析一、依据语篇隐性考查的“语言能力”1 .主题词汇语境中回顾（文中红体词汇多揣摩）2 .熟词生义语境中辨析（写出红体词汇的语境之义）NewYorkCity, forexample, isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudson River.入海口；河口（2）DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.便利条件Today, peoplestillcomeandgo-toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.
25、j1J3 .生僻词汇语境中推断（写出汉语意思并识记积累）NewYorkCity, forexample, isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudson River.港口（2）Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.J4 .用构词法解构词汇多领悟（写出词源或意义）Inl896, Dawson, Canada, wasunmappedwilderness （荒野）.该词由否定前缀 un-构成，意 为：地图上未标明的（2）Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundr
26、edsofmilesupicy （词 源：ice） rivers .被冰覆盖的Necessities（词源：necessary） likefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.5 .用语法知识破译长难句Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown, andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.分析：本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个并列分句中包含
27、一个由when弓I导的时间状 语从句和由 空_引导的比较状语从句。时间状语从句中“there were new gold discoveries in Alaska”是一个省略了 that的宾语从句。译文：城里挤满了对定居没有兴趣的失望的人们，当他们听说阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿 时，他们就像最初来时一样迅速离开道森市。6 .理清文章脉络文意通、解题准二、煨塑新型人才所考查的“思维品质”文中第27题主要考查学生的概括性思维。本文首段一开始介绍一般城市的兴起原因在 于地理位置优越，并以纽约市为例进行说明，然后话锋一转：并非所有城市都是这样，从而 引出本文的主要话题加拿大的道森市。道森市并没有优越的地
28、理位置和其他的便利条 件，它的兴起完全是因为当地发现了黄金。第二段主要讲道森市环境的恶劣，但是为了挖掘 黄金，人们接踵而至。第三段描述人们没有兴趣定居在道森市，以及其他地方发现黄金，人 们纷纷离开道森市，造成了道森市的没落。概括分析全文内容可知选A项。考生如果不具 备概括性思维，“只见树木不见森林”，而掉进命题人故意设置的陷阱，则易错选B、C、D项。三、贴合主流价值观所考查的“文化意识”本文通过介绍加拿大道森市的发展变迁，旨在让考生了解城市发展的问题，认识人类发 展的相互依赖性与共同价值，树立人类命运共同体意识，进而培养学生的国际视野和学习历 史的兴趣，激发学生奋发向上，积极投入家乡、祖国的发
29、展建设中。每个城市乃至国家都有 其发展历史，尤其是作为四大文明古国之一的中国更是有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文明，这也 成为高考的关注点。因此，考生应多聚焦历史变迁，多关注历史上人物介绍、地方的发展以 及文化的迁移和影响。学习和了解相关的历史知识，不仅能从过去的历史人物身上和历史事 件中得到启发，同时还能了解时代的发展和迁移，对现实生活也会产生积极的影响，也能激 发热爱祖国的情怀。ni 1- -a -J发展思维品质II .Looking and Speaking提升表达能力请用英语写出你“看”到的下面图片的主题概要参考答案The environment is seriously polluted.
30、The survival of human beings has been seriously affvcted. Environmenjis closelyelated to human survival.环境受到了严重污染。人类的生存受到了严重的影响。 环境与人类生存息息相关。RLWriting增分写作，从写作基本功抓起写作主题假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信询问你的家乡是否有雾霾天气，情况如何。请 你给他回一封e-mail。内容包括：1 .由于大气污染程度十分严重，自去年年底以来发生了许多次雾霾天气；2 .人们已经意识到雾霾天气的危害，正在采取各种措施减少其发生；3 .你在日常生活
31、中打算为此做些什么。注意：1.词数100左右；4 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：雾霾天气hazyweatherDearMike,rmgladtoreceiveyourletter, andthankyouforyourcaringforthehazyweatherandmyhealth.Nowrdliketotellyousomethingaboutthe haze.Yours,LiHua4步写作流程第一步：句写对给词写句（用方框内的词汇翻译句子）occur, alotoftimes, dogreatharmto, dailylife, trafficaccident, seet
32、hedoctor, disease, cause, stayathome, onfootthrow, waste, protecttheenvironment, lookforwardto1 .雾霾天气在我的家乡出现了许多次。The hazy weather has occurred a lot of times in my hometown.2 .它对我们的日常生活造成了巨大的危害。It has done great hann to our daily life.3 .发生了许多交通事故。Many traffic accidents happened.4 .越来越多的市民必须去看医生。Mor
33、e and more citizens have to go to see the doctor.5 .这些疾病是由雾霾引起的。The diseases are caused by the haze.6 .许多人不得不待在家里。Many people have to stay at home.7 .我会骑车或步行去上学。go to school by bike or on foot.8 .我不会在任何地方扔垃圾。LwoLt thow the waste any where.9 .我会告诉我遇见的人们保护环境。I will teH the people I meet t0 Protect thc
34、 environment.10 .你能告诉我一些好的想法吗？Would you like to ten me some good ideas?11 .盼望着你的回复。rm looking forward to youjreply.第二步：量写够语句扩充12 .在句1中加入时间状语“自从去年年底以来”。Since the end of last year, the hazy weather has occurred aof times in my home town.13 .在句3中加入状语“因为严重的雾霾”。Many traffic accidents happened because oiL
35、the heavy haze.14 .在句4中加入状语“由于严重的疾病”。More and more citizens have to go to seehe doctor due to the serious diseases.15 .在句6中加入状语“因为害怕有毒的空气”。Many people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air.16 .在句7前加入上状语“至于我”。As for m。，I will go to school by bike or on foot.第三步：语写美词句升格1 .用 agreatnumberof
36、 替换句 15 中的 many。A great number of people have to stay at home for fear of th。poisonous air.2 .用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句2与句12oSince the end of last year, the hazy weather has occurred a lot of times in my home town, which has done great ha】m to ou】daily life.3 .用非谓语动词作后置定语合并句5与句14oMore and more citizens,
37、have to go to see the doctor due to the serious diseasescaus ed by the haze.4 .用并列连词and连接句8与句16。As for mo,win go to school by bike or on foot, endwoLt throw the waste any where.第四步：篇连顺衔接成文用besides, inaddition等词汇连句 成文。DearMike,rmgladtoreceiveyourletter, andthankyouforyourcaringforthehazyweatherandmyh
38、ealth.Nowrdliketotellyousomethingaboutthe haze.Since the_end_ o匕last_year, the hazy_weather_has_occurrcd aoL of_ times_in_my_home town, which has done great ha】m to our daily life. Many traffic, accidents happened becau se ofLthe heavy haze.Besides, moe and more citizens have t0 go to see the doctor
39、 due t ohe seiious diseases caused by the haze. A g】eat number ofLpeople have to stay at hom e for fear of the poisonous air.As for m。,go to school by bike or on foot, andworTt thow the waste any where-In addition,will JeH _the_ people_meet_to_protect_the envi】onment._ Would_youi ke to ten me some g
40、ood ideas?rm looking forward jo your jeply.Yours,LiHua15. generally4而普遍地；广泛地通常总体上来说generallyspeaking 一般来说16. hug.C拥抱.拥抱17.1 mpress”.给留下极深的印象；使钦佩使意识到impresssb.with/bysth.某事给某人留下深刻的印象同方矣词impressed, impression, impressive, impressionist, impressionismimpressed/.对印象深刻的/钦佩的sb.beimpressedwith/by给某人留下深刻印象1
41、8. misunderstand (misunderstood, misunderstood).&沅.误解;误会misunderstood。/遭误解的；不为人理解的misunderstanding误会;误角单(3)clearupamisunderstanding 澄清误会19. peaceful.和平的安静的Apeacefullyado.和平地；平静地20. permanent”的.永久的； 长久的(反义 impermanent/temporary) permanently6/.永久地；长久地21. pick”.摘；采摘掉；剔除挑选；选择pickonespocket 扒窃；掏包pickon挑选
42、；故意挑剔pickout选出；拣出区别出；辨别出22. procedure机步骤；手续；程序23. portable.便于携带的；手提式的；轻便的24. restrict”限制；约束Arestriction.限制;约 束25. resume儿C简历；摘要；概述；概要。.重新开始；(中断后)继续26. starve.&式.(使)挨饿；饿死starvetodeath 饿死starvesb.into (doing) sth.使某人挨饿，以迫其(做)某事starvefor渴望获得bestarving 饿极了starvation.挨饿；饿死27.stimulate”刺激；激发；促进28. subject
43、ive4/.主观(上)的；个人的a反义词objective。力.客观的；基于事实的29. sudden矽.突然的；意外的allofasudden突然；冷不防suddenlyz/a突然地；意外地30. suffe侬.遭受；蒙受式.受苦；感到疼痛；患病变差；变糟31. sufferings.U(身体或精神上)疼痛；痛苦 常用复数苦难；折磨32. truly加加.真诚地确实；真实地truea.真的；真诚的truth.事实；真理intruth事实上；实际上33. unlikelya成不大可能的；非想象中的beunlikelytodo不可能做Itislikelythat可能会34. witness”.
44、C目击者；见证人；证人vt.目击；亲 眼所见be (a) witnessto是的目击者；是的见证人常用词块1. becuriousabout 对感到好奇2. defendagainst保卫以免受；防御3. onthecontrary 相反地4. belikelyto很可能；有希望1.1 ngeneral总的来说;通常6. getcloseto 接近； 靠近7. inneed 需要8. atease舒适；快活；自由自在9. turnonebackto 背对10. loseface 丢脸11. be/becomeawareof 意识至U12. (be) dying。极想；渴望13. shakeha
45、ndswithsb.和某人握手14. fadeout（声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡15. besetin以为背景练清常用词汇挤时就练一、单词拼写（根据提示写出单词）1. Tomisunlikely （不可能的）tocomethisweekendsowemustmakesomepreparationsinadvance.2. （2018-r）Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults （成年人）.3. Inthelongrun, livingindormitory （宿舍）isofgreatbenefittousstudents.4. Th
46、ecouplehugged （拥抱）eachotherwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.5. . Ifyoudontmatchthisrequirement, pleasedonotsendyourresume （简历）.6. Timeis abstract （抽象的），whichwecanonlyimagineinourmind.7. HeavydrinkingcancausepermanenL （永久的）damagetothebrain.8. Therewasalittle portable （便携式的）televisionswitchedonbehindtheba
47、r.二、词形转换（用所给单词的正确形式填空）1. . Mr.Brownisahighlyeducatedmansohedidnexpresshisanger （angry）beforetheguestsyesterday.2. .Ifswellknownthatfacial（face）expressionsandbodylanguagecanexpressyourfeelingsatthesametime.3. Itruly （true） believethatbeautycomesfromwithin.4. Hisparentsaretryingtomakeuptohimfortherestrictions （restrict） ofurbanliving.5. . E