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1、Unit 6The Man in the Water Pre-reading questions:n n1.Do you think ordinary persons like you and me can become heroes in certain circumstances?When something dangerous happens,what will first come to your mind?Pre-reading questionsn nno need to be heroes,self-protection is more realisticn ndoubt wit
2、h a single persons power,if more people join,me toon nfight for the weakn n2.Whats the motivation behind most heroic behaviors?Pre-reading questionsn nTo be remembered or honored as heroes(a less To be remembered or honored as heroes(a less influential factor now)influential factor now)n nUnknown im
3、perativeUnknown imperativen nsense of justice or readiness to helpsense of justice or readiness to helpNew words and phrasesn nelement/elementsn nblastn ncollision/clash/crashn nrise to the occasionn naccount forn nin the line of dutyNew words and phrases n ncasualtyn nanonymityn nstunningn non beha
4、lf ofn nlikewiseNew words and phrasesn n1.element/elementsn n1)an element of surprise/danger/doubt 1)an element of surprise/danger/doubt etcetc.:a small amount of a quality or feeling.:a small amount of a quality or feeling.n ne.g.Theres always an element of risk in this kind of investment.n n2)2)a
5、group of people who form part of a larger group,especially when the rest of the group does not approve of them.n ne.g.There is a strong right-wing element in the organization.New words and phrasesn n3)one part of a whole system,plan,piece of 3)one part of a whole system,plan,piece of writing etc.wri
6、ting etc.n ne.g.Rhyme is just one of the elements of his poetry.n n4)the elements:4)the elements:the weather,especially bad the weather,especially bad weatherweathern ne.g.battling against the elementsNew words and phrasesn nblast n.n nA.a sudden strong movement of wind or air.+ofA.a sudden strong m
7、ovement of wind or air.+ofn ne.g.A blast of cold air swept through the hut.e.g.A blast of cold air swept through the hut.n nB.an explosion,or the very strong movement of air B.an explosion,or the very strong movement of air that it causes.that it causes.n ne.g.Thirty-six people died in the blast.e.g
8、.Thirty-six people died in the blast.n nC.a sudden very loud noise.C.a sudden very loud noise.n ne.g.a blast of rock musice.g.a blast of rock musicn nThe guard gave a blast on his whistle and we were off.The guard gave a blast on his whistle and we were off.New words and phrasesn nD.D.(at)full blast
9、(at)full blast:as strongly,loudly,or fast as:as strongly,loudly,or fast as possible:possible:n ne.g.The radiators are on full blast,but it was sill e.g.The radiators are on full blast,but it was sill freezing.freezing.n nA radio going at full blastA radio going at full blastn ncollision/clash/crashn
10、 ncollisioncollisionn n1)an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit 1)an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directionseach other while moving in different directionsNew words and phrasesn n+with:The school bus was involved in a coll
11、ision with a truck.n nhead-on collision:(=between two vehicles moving directly towards each other.)n n2)a strong disagreement between two people or 2)a strong disagreement between two people or groupsgroupsn n+between:Discrepancies between ideas and collisions between beliefs had to be reconciled an
12、d mediated.n n（可指具体事物的相撞，也可指抽象意义上的冲突）New words and phrasesn nClashn nTroops clashed near the border.(if two armies,or groups Troops clashed near the border.(if two armies,or groups of people clash,they suddenly start fighting each other.)of people clash,they suddenly start fighting each other.)n nDe
13、mocrats clashed with Republicans in a heated debate.Democrats clashed with Republicans in a heated debate.(if two people or groups of people clash,they argue(if two people or groups of people clash,they argue because their opinions and beliefs are very different.)because their opinions and beliefs a
14、re very different.)New words and phrasesn nThat purple clashes with your red shirt.(if two colors or That purple clashes with your red shirt.(if two colors or patterns clash,they look very bad together.)patterns clash,they look very bad together.)n nUnfortunately the concert clashes with Ann and Jim
15、s Unfortunately the concert clashes with Ann and Jims dinner party.(if two events clash,they happen at the dinner party.(if two events clash,they happen at the same time in a way that is inconvenient.)same time in a way that is inconvenient.)n nThe cymbals clashed.(if two pieces of metal clash or if
16、 The cymbals clashed.(if two pieces of metal clash or if you clash them,they make a loud ringing sound.)you clash them,they make a loud ringing sound.)New words and phrasesn nNote:Note:ClashClash is often used in preference to is often used in preference to collisioncollision when two or more things
17、 come into contact with one when two or more things come into contact with one another in such a manner that noises of crashing and another in such a manner that noises of crashing and jangling are more apparent than the destruction or jangling are more apparent than the destruction or ruin wrought:
18、ruin wrought:n ne.g.the clash of swords in battlee.g.the clash of swords in battlen n（可指两件或两件以上的事情因同时发生而造（可指两件或两件以上的事情因同时发生而造成时间上的相互冲突成时间上的相互冲突n negeg:There is a clash between two classes held at 3 p.m.:There is a clash between two classes held at 3 p.m.on the same day.on the same day.）New words and
19、 phrasesn ncrash n.n na violent accident involving one or more vehicles:a violent accident involving one or more vehicles:plane/car etc.crashplane/car etc.crashn ne.g.41 people were killed in a plane crash in the Himalayas last week.n na sudden loud noise made by something falling,a sudden loud nois
20、e made by something falling,breaking etc.breaking etc.n n+of:Jessica heard the crash of breaking glass behind her.New words and phrasesn nWith a crash:There was a loud crack and the branch came down with a crash.(哗啦声)n nrise to the occasion/challenge:n nto deal successfully with a difficult situatio
21、n or to deal successfully with a difficult situation or problemproblemn ne.g.Im sure that he will rise to the occasion when he e.g.Im sure that he will rise to the occasion when he realizes what is at stake.realizes what is at stake.n n I I had never thought much of Jack as a public had never though
22、t much of Jack as a public speaker,but he certainly rose to the occasion.speaker,but he certainly rose to the occasion.New words and phrasesn naccount for:n n1)to be the reason why something happens.1)to be the reason why something happens.n ne.g.recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.
23、n n2)to give a satisfactory explanation of why 2)to give a satisfactory explanation of why something has happened or why you did something has happened or why you did something.something.n ne.g.How do you account for the sudden disappearance of the murder weapon?New words and phrasesn n3)to make up
24、a particular amount or part of 3)to make up a particular amount or part of somethingsomething n ne.g.Imports from Japan accounted for 40%of the e.g.Imports from Japan accounted for 40%of the total.total.n nin the line of dutyin the line of dutyn nline:(C usually singular)the kind of work someone lin
25、e:(C usually singular)the kind of work someone doesdoesn nline of businessline of business:What line of business is he in?:What line of business is he in?n nbe in the building/retail etc.linebe in the building/retail etc.lineNew words and phrasesn nin the line of duty:if you do something in the line
26、 of duty,you do it as part of your jobn ne.g.Dont thank me,madam-its all in the line of duty.n nbe in sbs line:to be the type of thing that someone is interested in or good atn ne.g.Im afraid cookery isnt really in my line.New words and phrasesn ncasualtyn nn.someone who is hurt or killed in an acci
27、dent or battlen ne.g.First reports of the air crash tell of more than 50 casualties.n nheavy casualties=a lot of people hurt or killedNew words and phrasesn nanonymity n.n nanonymous adj.n n1)unknown by namen ne.g.The benefactor wishes to remain anonymous.n n2)done,sent,or given by someone who does
28、not want their name to be knownn ne.g.an anonymous donation of$5,000n nanonymous phone call/letter etc.New words and phrasesn nstunningn nadj.1)extremely attractive or beautifuln ne.g.You look absolutely stunning in that dress.n n2)very surprising or shockingn ne.g.stunning newsNew words and phrases
29、n non behalf of(also in behalf of)n ninstead of someone,or as their representative:n ne.g.On behalf of everyone here,may I wish you a very happy retirement.n nThe president can not be here today,so Im going to speak in his behalf.New words and phrasesn nlikewisen n1)(formal)in the same way;similarly
30、n ne.g.I was up at dawn,and my host likewise.n nNanny put on a shawl and told the girls to do likewise.n n2)(spoken)used to return someones greeting or polite commentn ne.g.“Youre always welcome at our house.”n n“likewise.”New words and phrasesn nacknowledge:n n 1).to accept or recognize sth.n n Eg:
31、he is acknowledged to be the cleverest boy in the class.n n We acknowledged her to be/as the best singer in China.n n2).to accept the truth of sth.,to admit n neg:He acknowledged that he had done wrong.n nShe refuse to acknowledge her fault.New words and phrasesn n3).to express thanks for sth.(ackno
32、wledge applause/compliments/help)n neg:She acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter.n n The prize-winner stood up to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.n n4).to show that one has noticed or recognized sb.by a smile,nod or greeting.New words and phrasesn ncommitment:Here:a strong sense of respon
33、sibility or loyaltyn neg:We have a strong commitment to follow WTO rules.n ncommit v.sb/oneself to sth/to doing sth n nmake it impossible for sb.or oneself not to do sth.n nEg.WTO commits China to giving national treatment to all foreign business people.New words and phrasesn nbe committed to do sth
34、:promise to do sthn n Eg:China is committed to lower its tariffs.n ngo undern nto sink;to be drownedn neg:In a fierce competition,these poorly managed enterprises will go under.(fail)n nIn case of an economic recession,these old and weak people will be the first to go under.New words and phrasesn nT
35、he captain hoped that help would come before the ship went under.n ngo at:to attack;to start to fightn nThose companies went at each other like hungry wolves.New words and phrasesn nset sb against sb:to make sb start to fight or quarrel with another person,esp.a person with whom they had friendly re
36、lations before.n nEg:There were outside forces who were trying to set one tribe against another.That was why there were endless civil wars in that country.n nIm not going to set myself against my own classmates.Distinction among synonyms:n n1.assure,ensure,insure,guaranteen nassure vt.“使确信”，常用结构为ass
37、ure sb.of sth.（深信不疑地对某人说或使人确信和放心），有时也作“保证给”，但不如ensure 常用。如：n n I assure you that there is no danger.n n I assure you of his ability to do the work.Distinction among synonyms:n nensure ensure vt vt.“.“保证保证”，后接名词或，后接名词或that that 从句，指把从句，指把某事确定下来或对某事作出许诺。如：某事确定下来或对某事作出许诺。如：n n I cant ensure that he wil
38、l be there in time.I cant ensure that he will be there in time.n n The medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.The medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.n ninsure insure vt vt.“.“保险保险”，指保险公司为生命、财产等，指保险公司为生命、财产等作保险。如：作保险。如：n n Insurance companies will insure ships and their Insurance comp
39、anies will insure ships and their cargoes against loss at sea.cargoes against loss at sea.n n I insured my house against fire.I insured my house against fire.Distinction among synonyms:n nguarantee guarantee vt vt.“.“保证保证”，通常指书面形式或负责地，通常指书面形式或负责地作出保证。如：作出保证。如：n n The radio is guaranteed for half a y
40、ear.The radio is guaranteed for half a year.n nExerciseExercisen n1)I tried to 1)I tried to that everybody understood the that everybody understood the instructions.instructions.n n2)The doctor 2)The doctor her that she would get well soon.her that she would get well soon.n n3)Have you taken the pre
41、caution of 3)Have you taken the precaution of your house your house against fire?against fire?n n4)They 4)They the computer for there years.the computer for there years.Distinction among synonyms:n nKeyn n1)ensure 2)assured 3)insuring 4)guaranteen n2.dumb,mute,silent,speechlessn ndumb a.“哑的”，主要指由于语言
42、器官有缺陷而不能说话，有时还可指大脑反应迟钝，该词还可像speechless一样，指一时说不出话来。如：Distinction among synonyms:n nI was struck dumb with horror.n n The child was dumb because of deformed vocal cords.n nmute a.n n“哑的”，指由于出生以后耳聋没有听过说话，而不能说话，还可指拒绝说话而沉默、不作声。如：n n The teacher tried to teach the mute children to speak in spite of their
43、deafness.Distinction among synonyms:n nsilent n na.“沉默的，（保持）安静的”。如：n nHe was prudently silent on that matter.n nspeechless a.“不会说话的，说不出话的”，主要用在因强烈的情绪影响而一时说不出话来或无话可说。如：n nShe was speechless with surprise.Distinction among synonyms:n nExercisen n1)A donkey is not but it is .n n2)Youd better be and listen to me.n n3)You seem very today;whats the matter?n n4)I was with rage.Distinction among synonyms:n nKeyn n1)mute,dumb 2)silent 3)silent 4)speechless