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1、Unit 2Unit 2 I used to be afraid I used to be afraid of the dark.of the dark.我过去害怕黑暗我过去害怕黑暗.Monday,August29th,2005.Sunny.ByLilyshortheavytallthin medium height a medium build/5mi:djEm/5mi:djEm/中等的中等的/hait/高度高度/5hevi/5hevi/bild/体格体格重的重的/tC:l/tC:l/高的高的/Win/Win/瘦的瘦的/FC:t/FC:t/矮的矮的 long hair black hair
2、short hair straight hair short hair curly hair long hair curly hair straight hairblack hair blonde hairblonde hair/hZE/hZE/头发头发/lCN/lCN/长的长的/5kE:li/5kE:li/卷曲的卷曲的/blCnd/blCnd/金发的金发的George BushHe has short,gray hair/rei/rei/灰白的灰白的/dVC:dV/dVC:dV/buF/buF/He has blonde hair.He has long,brown hair./braun/
3、褐色的褐色的He is wearing glasses./lB:siz/lB:siz/眼镜眼镜He has a mustache.mustache /mEs5tB:F/mEs5tB:F/髭髭,胡子胡子He has curly,blonde hair.He has a beard.beard/biEd/biEd/胡须胡须He has black hair.He is bald.bald/bC:ld/bC:ld/光秃的光秃的Jack BushGeorge BushDavid Bushis short.is medium height.is tall.George BushJack BushDavi
4、d Bushhas a medium build.is heavy.is thin.A:What does your friend look like?B:He/She has a medium build He/She is tall One of the people in the picture above is your friend.Describe your friend.Your partner will find him or herHair 头发头发short hair long hair curly hair straight hair 描述头发描述头发漂亮漂亮+长短长短+
5、形状形状+颜色颜色blond 金黄色金黄色 brown 褐色褐色她有一头短的金黄色的卷发。她有一头短的金黄色的卷发。She has short,curly,blond hair一头漂亮乌黑一头漂亮乌黑 的长发的长发 beautiful,long black hair.描述人的长相用动词描述人的长相用动词 bebe还是还是 have/hashave/has What does your friend look like?He/she is He/She has tallshortheavythinfatamediumheightbald秃头的秃头的long/short/curly/straigh
6、thairamediumbuild身身材材beard/mustache胡胡须须glasses眼镜眼镜He has short,curly,brown hair.What does he look like?She has long,blonde,straight hair.What does she look like?She has long,black,curly hair.What does she look like?She has long,She has long,brown,brown,straight hair.straight hair.She is She is mediu
7、m medium height.height.What does she look like?She has She has long brown long brown hair and she hair and she is very is very heavy.heavy.What does she look like?This is my friend.Hes George.He is tall and thin.He has short,brown,straight hair.This is Jims father.Hes a police officer.Hes tall and h
8、eavy.This is Gong Li.Shes medium height.She has short,black hair.She wears glasses.wearglasses戴眼镜戴眼镜wearcontactlenses戴隐性眼镜戴隐性眼镜Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?short/brownhair短短/黄头发黄头发long/blackhair,cheerfullooking长长/黑头发黑头发,可爱的长相可爱的长相curlyhair卷头发的卷头发的bald光头的光头的tall/goodlooking高高/相貌好看的相貌好看的short/handsome矮矮/英俊的
9、英俊的strong/heavy强壮的强壮的/重的重的thin瘦的瘦的shy怕羞的怕羞的outgoing外向的外向的/好交际的好交际的quiet文静的文静的Whatishe/shelike?Sheisfriendly友好的友好的serious严肃的严肃的funny有趣的有趣的SeriousdangerousdeliciousSmartFunnyShyFriendlyUnfriendlyFriendlyKeywordsEasygoingmoodyoutgoingLook at the pictures and guess personalityFunnySmartFriendlyShyUnfrie
10、ndlySeriousAppearancePersonalitytall,shortserious,funny,longstraighthairshortcurlyhairshy,outgoingnoisy,calmheavy,slim,thin,quiet,Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?He/SheisHe/ShehasWhatisyourfriendlike?He/SheisPeriod 2Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.Tuesday,August30,2005,SunnyIusedtobeAppearance1.Hewasshort.2.Iwa
11、sthin.=Heusedtobeshort.=Iusedtobethin.Character/personalityIwasshy.Iwasafraidofthedark.Iwasserious.=Iusedtobeshy.=Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.=Iusedtobeserious.I/he/she/usedtobe+形容词形容词过去曾经过去曾经(现在不这样了现在不这样了)Ex.Iusedtobe,nowIamShorttall,thinheavy,quietnoisy,seriousfunny,upsetcalm,shyoutgoing,usedtodo(动词原
12、动词原形形)+名词名词Ihadshorthairtwoyearsago.=I used to haveshorthairtwoyearsago.IhadcurlyhairwhenIwastenyearsold.=IusedtohavecurlyhairwhenIwastenyearsold.shorthairlonghair,straighthaircurlyhair,blackhairredhair,haveapetdoghaveapetcatIusedtohaveNowIhave1.“主语主语+usedto+动词原形动词原形+其它其它”。在这。在这个句型结构中个句型结构中usedto的含义
13、为的含义为“过去常常过去常常”。表示过去的习惯，暗示现在已无此习惯表示过去的习惯，暗示现在已无此习惯.Dave在过去几年中一直在在过去几年中一直在factory（工厂）（工厂）中工作，但现在他在中工作，但现在他在Supermarket（超市）（超市）中工作，所以中工作，所以Daveusedtoworkinafactory.隐含的意思是：隐含的意思是：Daveworkedinafactorybeforebuthedoesntworktherenow.2.我们可以说我们可以说Iusedtowork/Sheusedtohave/theyusedtobe等等，也就是说等等，也就是说used这个词这个词
14、没有人称的变化，没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。后面接动词原形。usedtobeworkhaveplay请看例句：请看例句：WhenIwasachild,Iusedtolikechocolate.IusedtoreadalotofbooksbutIdontreadmuchthesedays.Lizhasgotshorthairnowbutitusedtobeverylong.Liz现在梳短发，但以前她是长发。现在梳短发，但以前她是长发。Theyusedtoliveinthesamestreetasus,soweoftenusedtoseethem.Butwedontseethemveryo
15、ftenthesedays.他们过去和我们住在同一条街道，所以我他们过去和我们住在同一条街道，所以我们经常能看见他们，但现在我们不能经常见们经常能看见他们，但现在我们不能经常见到他们了。到他们了。Annusedtohaveapiano,butshesolditafewyearsago.Ann过去有一架钢琴，但几年前她把钢琴过去有一架钢琴，但几年前她把钢琴卖了。卖了。Iused tobeafraidofthedark.我过去怕黑我过去怕黑.“usedto+动词原形动词原形”表过去的习惯或过表过去的习惯或过去去经常反复发生的动作或状态经常反复发生的动作或状态(现在已经不现在已经不再存在再存在)有一
16、种形式有一种形式,即过去式即过去式,用于所有人称用于所有人称.否定形否定形式为式为usednotto+do,疑问形式为疑问形式为Usedyouto?Usedheto?例如例如:Iusedtobeshort.Heusedtolikeplayinggames.问句形式是问句形式是didyouuseto?Wheredidyouusetolivebeforeyoucamehere?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？Youused tobeshort.Didyouusetobeshort?Heused toplaytennis.Did heusetoplaytennis?usedto的否定
17、形式是的否定形式是Ididntuseto.WhenIwasachild,Ididntusetoliketomatoes.当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢西红柿。当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢西红柿。3.usedto这个词组只用于讲述过去，我们这个词组只用于讲述过去，我们不能用不能用useto来讲述现在来讲述现在Iusedtoplaytennis.ThesedaysIplaygolf.（不说（不说Iusetoplaygolf.）Weusuallygetupearly.（不说（不说Weusetogetupearly）含有含有usedto的句子的的句子的反意疑问句反意疑问句不要不要usednt+主语，而用主语
18、，而用didnt主语主语。Heusedtosmoke,didnthe?他过去常常吸烟，是吗？他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes,hedid./No,hedidnt.是的，他吸。是的，他吸。/不，他不吸。不，他不吸。Didyouusetohavestraighthair?Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Ex.:介绍外貌介绍外貌的变化的变化.InthepastNowshort,straighthairtall,curlyhairCoco Li used to,now InthepastNowplayfootball playbasketballIdidntusetowearglasses.In
19、thepastNownotwearglasseswearglassesKeypoints I I used toused to be afraid of be afraid of flying in an airplane.flying in an airplane.You You used toused to have long hair,have long hair,didndidn t yout you？Yes,I did./No,I didnYes,I did./No,I didn t.t.DidDid you you use touse to have have straight h
20、air?straight hair?glassestallshorthairredcurly1.Mario过去总是很矮。过去总是很矮。2.Amy过去性格外向。过去性格外向。3.Tina过去有一头直的长头发。过去有一头直的长头发。4.他过去常穿黑鞋。他过去常穿黑鞋。5.你过去弹钢琴吗？不，我不弹。你过去弹钢琴吗？不，我不弹。6.你曾经留长头发吧？是的，我曾。你曾经留长头发吧？是的，我曾。7.你过去是直发吗？你过去是直发吗？是的。是的。8.你过去常游泳你过去常游泳,是吗是吗?翻译翻译2.Amy过去性格外向。过去性格外向。3.Tina过去有一头直的长头发。过去有一头直的长头发。4.他过去常穿黑鞋。他
21、过去常穿黑鞋。Mariousedtobeshort.Amyusedtobeoutgoing.Tinausedtohavelongandstraighthair.Heusedtowearblackshoes.1.Mario过去总是很矮。过去总是很矮。5.你过去弹钢琴吗？不，我不弹。你过去弹钢琴吗？不，我不弹。6.你曾经留长头发吧？是的，我曾。你曾经留长头发吧？是的，我曾。7.你过去是直发吗？你过去是直发吗？是的。是的。Didyouusetoplaythepiano?No,Ididnt.Didyouusetohavestraighthair?Yes,Idid.Didyouusetohavestra
22、ighthair?Yes,Idid.8.你过去常游泳你过去常游泳,是吗是吗?Youusedtoswim,didntyou?Period32.Youusedtobequiet,didntyou?你以前很静的你以前很静的,是不是是不是?反意疑问句反意疑问句:陈述句陈述句,动词动词+主语主语?肯定肯定/否定否定否定否定/肯定肯定练习练习:He He is is a student,_?a student,_?He He isn isn t t a student,_?a student,_?He He likes likes basketball,_?basketball,_?They They l
23、l ll gogo to Shiqi tomorrow,to Shiqi tomorrow,_?_?Your mother Your mother cancan t swimt swim,_?,_?Tom Tom has hadhas had his supper,_?his supper,_?Li Ping Li Ping is playingis playing football,_?football,_?He He went went to school yesterday,to school yesterday,_?_?isntheishedoesnthewonttheycansheh
24、asntheisnthedidnthequietoutgoingfriendlysports单元课文重点分析单元课文重点分析1.Imontheswimteam.(SectionA2b)我我是是游泳队游泳队成员成员。/我我参加参加了游泳了游泳队队.类似的说法还有：类似的说法还有：Imonthesoccerteam或或Iplayonthesoccerteam.2.Peoplesurechange.(SectionA2b)人们人们的确的确是要变的。是要变的。/人们人们肯定肯定会变化的会变化的.sure在这里为副词。在这里为副词。如：如：Itsurewascold.天气确实很冷。天气确实很冷。3.Im
25、moreinterestedinsports.beinterestedin对对感兴趣感兴趣interested主语是人主语是人interesting主语是物主语是物.TargetLanguage:1.IusedtobeshortwhenIwasyoung.我年轻时个子很矮。我年轻时个子很矮。2.Didyouusetohavestraighthair?你过去是直发吗？你过去是直发吗？Yes,Idid.是的。是的。3.Didyouusetoplaythepiano?你过去弹钢琴吗？你过去弹钢琴吗？No,Ididnt.不，我不弹。不，我不弹。简要介绍你自己的成长变化，词数简要介绍你自己的成长变化，词
26、数6080。从爱好、外貌、性格等方面去描写。从爱好、外貌、性格等方面去描写。IamnowdifferentfromwhatIusedtobelike.Iusedtoliketo,butnowIenjoydoingsth.4.Iusedtobeafraidofdark.我过去害怕黑暗。我过去害怕黑暗。5.Imterrifiedofthesnakes.我害怕蛇。我害怕蛇。6.Didyouusetobeafraidofbeingalone?你过去害怕独自一人呆着吗？你过去害怕独自一人呆着吗？Yes,Idid.是的，我怕。是的，我怕。7.Iusedtowalktoschool.我过去走着上学。我过去走
27、着上学。beafraidof害怕害怕,后面可接名词、代后面可接名词、代词和动词词和动词ing形式。形式。例：例：Areyouafraidofsnakes?你害怕蛇吗？你害怕蛇吗？Heisafraidofgoingoutaloneatnight.他害怕在夜里独自外出。他害怕在夜里独自外出。beafraid后面还可接动词不定式，和宾语后面还可接动词不定式，和宾语从句。从句。例：例：Dontbeafraidtoaskforhelpifyouneedit.如果你需要，不要害怕向别如果你需要，不要害怕向别人求助人求助注意区分注意区分alone和和lonelyalone的意义是的意义是“单独、独自的单独、
28、独自的”，而，而lonely则指则指“孤独的、寂寞的孤独的、寂寞的”。试看。试看下面这个句子：下面这个句子：Theoldmanswifediedayearago.Helivesalonenow,butheneverfeelslonely.这位老人的妻子一年前去世了，这位老人的妻子一年前去世了，他独自生活，但从不感到孤独。他独自生活，但从不感到孤独。still我们用我们用still来说明某人或某物没有变化。来说明某人或某物没有变化。ShestilllivesinMexico.still应放在主要动词前面应放在主要动词前面HestilllivesinNewZealand.still应放在应放在be
29、动词后面。动词后面。Heisstillcrazyafteralltheseyears.still应放在像应放在像can,may,should这样的这样的助动词之后助动词之后Shecanstillplaythepiano.3.Areyoustillafraidofthedark?Imterrifiedofthedark.（SectionA3b）afraid的词组有的词组有beafraidofsth害怕某物害怕某物如：如：Shesafraidofdogs.Hesafraidofseeingstrangers.在口语中也说在口语中也说Imafraidhesoutatthemoment.我想他现在出去
30、了。我想他现在出去了。beterrifiedofdoingsth是个同义词组。是个同义词组。如：如：Imterrifiedofbeingalone.我害怕独自一人呆着。我害怕独自一人呆着。4.Igotosleepwithmybedroomlighton.(SectionA3b)我把卧室的灯开着睡觉。我把卧室的灯开着睡觉。on是形容词是形容词，“开着的开着的，接通的接通的”Thelightsintheclassroomwereon.Whowasondutyyesterday?SectionBPeriod5ExercisinginSinginginLookingatExpressions Sect
31、ionB,1a:1.exercisingingymclass在体育课上运动在体育课上运动2.paintingpictures画画画画Iusedtolikeplayinggameswithfriends.Iusedtolikelisteningtothemusic.Iusedtolikepaintingpictures.Iusedtoenjoyswimming.Iusedtoenjoyeatingcandy.playstudywalktakethebusgymlovegotoschoolbybus=takethebustoschoolwalktoaplace=gotoaplaceonfootri
32、detoaplace=gotoaplacebybikedrivetotheshop=gototheshopbycarflytoBeijing=gotoBeijingbyair/planeUNIT2Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.SectionB3aPeriod6本课教学目标：本课教学目标：会用会用usedtodo句型描述句型描述自己或他人在学习、生活方式自己或他人在学习、生活方式上的变化。上的变化。本课重点句型本课重点句型:Didsheuseto?Sheusedto 1.WheredoseRoseTangstudy?Shestudiesinahighschool.2.Whoi
33、sRoseTang?Sheisahighschoolstudent.3.WhatisRoseTangsbiggestproblem?Herbiggestproblemisthatsheistoobusy.4.Whatdidsheusetodobeforeshestartedhighschool?Sheusedtospendalotoftimeplayinggameswithfriends.5.Whatdidsheusetodointheevening?SheusedtowatchTVorchatwithhergrandmother.6.Didsheusetogotoconcertswithhe
34、rfather?Yes,shedid.7.Doseshestillhavetimeforconcerts?Whatdoessheusuallydonow?Shehardlyeverhastimeforconcertsnow.Sheusuallystudiesanddoesherhomework.RoseTangthenRoseTangnowhadsomuchtime,getsupearly,staysinschoolallday,spentalotoftimeplayingwithfriends,notimeforplayinggames,watchedTVorchattedwithhergr
35、andmother,hastostudy,wenttoconcertswithherfatherHardlyeverhavetimeforconcerts,doeshomeworkandgoestobed My biggest problem Text MybiggestproblemisthatImtoo_.busyWhenIwasyoung,Iusedtohave_time,butthesedaysIgetup_andstayinschoolallday.ThenIgorighthomeandeatdinner.somuchearlyrightThenIgorighthomeandeatd
36、inner.right在这里是副词，意为在这里是副词，意为“直接地直接地”。如：如：Thewindblewrightinourfaces.风迎面吹来。风迎面吹来。TextBeforeI_highschool,Iusedto_alotoftime_gameswithmyfriends,butIjustdonthavethetime_.startedspendplayinganymorenotanymoreSheusedtoliveinNewYork,butshedoesntlivethereanymore.如果动词（或动词短语）相同，则第二个动词如果动词（或动词短语）相同，则第二个动词可可省略。
37、省略。SheusedtoliveinLondon,butshedoesntanymore.notanymore可不与可不与usedto连用连用ShedoesntliveinNewYorkanymore.anymore只能和否定词连用只能和否定词连用,相当于相当于nomoreWedontgothereanymore.=wegotherenomore.Theynevertalktomeanymore.Noonelikeshimanymore.Intheevening,Iusedto_or_withmygrandmother,butnowIhaveto_.watchTVchatstudyhaveto
38、butnowIhavetostudy.haveto意为意为“必须必须”侧重于客观上的必侧重于客观上的必要。要。其句型为其句型为have(has)to+动词原形动词原形如：如：Wehavetoleavenow.HehastoworkonSunday.IhadtodomyhomeworklastSunday.textIlove_,andmyfatherusedto_meto_.These_,I_everhavetimefor_.musictakeconcertsdayshardlyconcertshardlyeverThesedays,Ihardlyeverhavetimeforconcerts.
39、hardlyever=veryseldom.很少很少Hehardlyevergoestobedbeforemidnight.他很少在午夜以前就寝。他很少在午夜以前就寝。thesedaysthesedays“butthesedaysIgetupearlyandstayinschool“butthesedaysIgetupearlyandstayinschoolallday.”allday.”thesedaysthesedays是个词组，意思是是个词组，意思是是个词组，意思是是个词组，意思是“现在，这几天现在，这几天现在，这几天现在，这几天”Yoursonstroubleisverycommont
40、hesedays.Yoursonstroubleisverycommonthesedays.你儿子的毛病现在是极常见的。你儿子的毛病现在是极常见的。你儿子的毛病现在是极常见的。你儿子的毛病现在是极常见的。Idomy_ and gotobed.I really _theolddays.homeworkmissmissmissIreallymisstheolddays.Ireallymisstheolddays.missmiss在这里为在这里为在这里为在这里为“怀念怀念怀念怀念”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。HowhemisseshismotherwhilesheisawayinHowhemis
41、seshismotherwhilesheisawayinLondon!London!他妈妈在伦敦期间，他多么想念她啊！他妈妈在伦敦期间，他多么想念她啊！他妈妈在伦敦期间，他多么想念她啊！他妈妈在伦敦期间，他多么想念她啊！此外此外此外此外missmiss还有还有还有还有“缺缺缺缺”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。ImafraidthatJimwillmissalotofhislessons.ImafraidthatJimwillmissalotofhislessons.恐怕恐怕恐怕恐怕JimJim会缺很多课。会缺很多课。会缺很多课。会缺很多课。错过错过错过错过Imissedcatchingthe
42、2Imissedcatchingthe2：15train.15train.我未赶上我未赶上我未赶上我未赶上2 2点点点点1515分的火车。分的火车。分的火车。分的火车。missingmissing失去的，缺少的，不在的，失踪的。失去的，缺少的，不在的，失踪的。失去的，缺少的，不在的，失踪的。失去的，缺少的，不在的，失踪的。Theyarelookingforthemissingchild.Theyarelookingforthemissingchild.他们在寻找失踪的孩子。他们在寻找失踪的孩子。他们在寻找失踪的孩子。他们在寻找失踪的孩子。My biggest problem:too busy
43、usedtonowso much time,get up early,stay in school all day,go right home,eat dinner spend time,play games,not,have time,anymore watch TV,chat have to,study take.to concerts,hardly ever,do homework,go to bed How Ive changed!MylifehaschangedalotForexample,I_liketests.NowIdontmindthem.I_.Nowitsmyfavorit
44、eclass.Iusedtoplay_.Now,_.I_toschool.Now,I_.didntusetousedtohatethemusedtohatethemeverydayafterschoolIstudyallthetimeusedtowalkhavetotakethebustoschool.3a:1.thesedays目前目前,如今如今2.getup起床起床3.gorighthome马上回家马上回家4.Sb.spend(in)doingsth.做某事花费做某事花费(时间时间/金钱金钱)onsth.在某方面花在某方面花(时间时间/金钱金钱)It takessb.todosth.花费某
45、人花费某人(多长时多长时间间)去去做某事做某事5.notanymore=nomore不再不再notanylonger=nolonger6.chatwithsb.和某人聊天和某人聊天7.takesb.tosw.带某人去某地带某人去某地8.hardlyever几乎没有几乎没有9.havetime=befree有空有空/时间时间10.dooneshomework做作业做作业11.gotobed去睡觉去睡觉怀念怀念,想念想念,惦念惦念12.miss错过错过Miss小姐小姐13.inthelastfewyears在过去的几年里在过去的几年里(用用于现于现在完成时在完成时)14.dailylife日常生活
46、日常生活15.favoritesubjectatschool在学校最喜欢在学校最喜欢的科目的科目Difficultsentences:1.Mybigproblemis thatImtoobusy.最大的问题是我太忙最大的问题是我太忙.2.Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayinggameswithmyfriends.我过去花太多时间和朋友一起玩游戏我过去花太多时间和朋友一起玩游戏.3.Mylifehaschangedalotinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年里我的生活改变了很多在过去的几年里我的生活改变了很多.在句型变化中不用另找助动词在句型变化中不用另找助动词,
47、即即Mylifehasnotchangedalotinthelastfewyears.Hasmylifechangedalotinthelastfewyears?Yes,ithas./No,ithasnt.PairworkPairworkAsk your group members question and fill in the chart,then do a report.NameWhatdidhe/sheusetolike/hatetodo?Report:XX used to like.He/She used to hate.6.Imterrifiedofthedark.我怕黑我怕黑.“
48、beterrifiedof”的害怕程度比的害怕程度比“beafraidof”大些大些.7.Igotosleepwithmybedroomlighton.我开灯睡觉我开灯睡觉.(表伴随表伴随)例如例如:Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabigsmile.Expressionsfor3b:1.usedto过去常常过去常常/经常经常2.beafraidof害怕害怕3.gotosleep去睡觉去睡觉4.beinterestedin对对感兴趣感兴趣5.beterrifiedof害怕害怕/恐惧恐惧.6.worryabout(=beworriedabout)担担心心.7.
49、allthetime一直一直/总是总是8.afterschool放学后放学后9.walkto走路走路/步行去步行去.10.takeabusto乘公交车去乘公交车去.amafraidofworryabouthavetomissusedtoSelf check:Self check:!:1)amafraidof(因为因为be包括包括is/am/are)of+名词名词/动名词动名词beafraidto+动词原形动词原形that+句子句子(主语主语+谓语谓语+)2)worryabout3)haveto4)miss5)usedtoItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.Sheuse
50、dtobeshortwhenshewasyounger,butnowsheistall.YuMeiusedtohavelonghair,butnowshehasshorthair.Sheusedtoplaysoccer,butnowsheplaystennis.Sheusedtobequiet,butnowsheisveryoutgoing.usedtodousedtodo和和和和beusedtodoing.beusedtodoing.beusedtobeusedto是是是是“习惯于习惯于习惯于习惯于”某一客观事实和状态，某一客观事实和状态，某一客观事实和状态，某一客观事实和状态，不强调动作，