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1、Unit 10 Virtual Manufacturing and Networked ManufacturingThe Role of the World Wide Web in Manufacturing We are at the point of making history,a history that will play a significant role in the future of the people of the world.Changes in general are perceived to be gradual.However,the abrupt and ra
2、pid changes we are seeing in the past few years,or to be specific,in the latest scientific and technological advancements,have been so significant that these are going to impact the way we think,we work,we interact and especially the way we manufacture.The two most important changes are:globalizatio
3、n and rapid changes in IT(information technology).We live in the information age.We can sit at home and get information about创造历史创造历史察觉，发觉察觉，发觉逐渐的逐渐的突然的突然的影响影响相互作用，互动相互作用，互动全球化全球化events in the world.TV is of finite dimension.Computers have become infinite in dimension.The number of places you can ac
4、cess and the wealth of information you can get and the variety of things you can accomplish have reached astounding proportions already.The advent and progress of the internet technology and the associated servers have paved the way for us to travel through the information superhighway.Let us first
5、examine the underlying backbone of the change,namely information technology.The hardware and software advances are many fold.Computers have become more powerful,versatile but smaller.The evolution is from simple data processing machines of the 1950s to the knowledge processing systems.Software and h
6、ardware advances are very significant.A number of advances such as Internet,World Wide Web servers,digital libraries,interactive learning tools,virtual classrooms and multimedia,etc.,are revolutionizing our大量，丰富的大量，丰富的令人震惊的令人震惊的出现，发明出现，发明相关的相关的根本的，基础的根本的，基础的 主力，骨干主力，骨干演变，发展演变，发展虚拟的虚拟的多媒体多媒体daily lif
7、e.It is needless to stress their importance in manufacturing.Knowledge is power and IT is facilitating the storing,processing and transmission of knowledge.IT will dramatically affect the way we manufacture,educate and market.Let us now examine the globalization process.Society has changed from a cl
8、osed market and a closed manufacturing place to an open one.It is no longer necessary to have centralized manufacturing facilities.The functions could be distributed.Design could be done in France,and manufacturing could be in Mexico,Indonesia or some other country where the costs could be possibly
9、kept low;production planning could be done in USA;marketing strategies evolved in Hong Kong and service parts produced in mainland China.Such a globalization leads to a cross-cultural dialogue between governments,corporations,societies and most importantly individuals.We as manufacturing researchers
10、 have设施设施分布的分布的策略策略对话对话concentrated on manufacturing processes,materials and methods.Though these are still extremely important,it is becoming increasingly apparent that we also need to focus on the additional dynamics which is a result of globalization and information explosion.We need to be aware
11、of the procurement,production and distribution along with the feedback as the main components of manufacturing lifecycle in this globalization process.We need to arrive at the economic justifications along with the fulfillment of environmental constraints.It becomes necessary for us to model the glo
12、balization process and use the data to arrive at informed decisions.In order to accomplish this,it is necessary to be aware of the current technologies.Moreover it is very apparent that globalization of manufacturing is made feasible by the changes in IT.Global communication networks have led to a h
13、igh level of interactivity resulting in cooperative problem solving in manufacturing.We need越来越明显越来越明显附加的动态特征附加的动态特征爆炸爆炸采办采办销售销售反馈反馈正当的理由正当的理由实现，实行实现，实行限制，束缚限制，束缚有根据的有根据的to be aware of the fact that IT created globalization and in order for us to reap the benefits of globalization it is necessary to
14、 get a good grasp of IT.IT is the main source for maintaining global competitive advantage.This needs a look into revitalizing our manufacturing practice,research and education.Global Manufacturing on the Web We can summarize the global manufacturing in the Web as follows:(1)Design,planning,producti
15、on,and consumption will take place at geographically distributed and distinct places.(2)The customer will be the driving force:that is,“designing with the customer”will be the key concept.(3)The integration of customers,designers,planners and producers(manufacturers)will be realized through the Worl
16、d Wide Web(WWW).The收割，收获收割，收获掌握掌握关注关注使具有新的活力使具有新的活力消费消费实现实现future of manufacturing will be through web-based ideas.(4)Real-time on-line quality control will be exercised through Intelligent Integrated Diagnostics(IID).(5)The global manufacturing systems will be based on agents.We will have task spec
17、ific agents which will be doing specific tasks.These will not be large expert systems.The whole manufacturing systems will be viewed as society of manufacturing agents.Some dealing with design,some dealing with customers,some with manufacturing,some with control,some with diagnosis,etc.The overall s
18、ystem will evolve out of the collective interactions.(6)The individual work-cells will be flexible and self configurable.In short,the future will be heavily computer dependent.The following will be a typical scenario.A customer can sit in front of a terminal and draw with a sketch运用运用智能集成诊断技术智能集成诊断技
19、术代理代理共同的，集体的共同的，集体的可构造的可构造的描述；推测描述；推测草图草图协会协会pad the diagram of some device or product he/she wants.The computer should convert this free hand conceptual sketch to a device(artifact).From this it should generate a CAD drawing and hence the databases.These databases should be used by a designer to co
20、me up with the material specifications.All these exchanges will be taking place in the WWW world.The customer and the designer will be able to interactively communicate with each other through speech,graphics and cross terminal interactions.Once the designer starts with some approximate design,he/sh
21、e should be able to communicate with the process planners and shop floor personnel to come up with the process plan.Once the manufacturing is initiated the IID will be active to enforce real-time on-line quality control.At every stage the computing systems will be such that database retrieval and up
22、date will be almost automatic.便签簿便签簿概念的，构思的概念的，构思的手工制品手工制品（技术）说明书（技术）说明书执行，使生效执行，使生效更新更新想出，提出想出，提出ExercisesTranslate the following words into English虚拟制造虚拟制造全球化全球化信息技术信息技术附加的动态特征附加的动态特征网络制造网络制造智能集成诊断技术智能集成诊断技术代理代理可构造的可构造的草图草图概念的，想象的概念的，想象的Virtue ManufacturingglobalizationInformation technologyadditi
23、onal dynamicsNetwork ManufacturingIntelligent integrated diagnosticsagentconfigurablesketchconceptual想出，提出想出，提出更新更新come up with updateTranslate the following words into Chineseperceivegradualabruptimpactadventastoundingbackbone察觉，发觉察觉，发觉逐渐的逐渐的突然的突然的影响影响出现，发明出现，发明主力，骨干主力，骨干令人震惊的令人震惊的evolutiondistributed分布的分布的演变，发展演变，发展facilityconstraintrevitalize设施设施限制，束缚限制，束缚使具有新的活力使具有新的活力AbbreviationsITInformation Technology 信息技术信息技术IIDIntelligent Integrated Diagnostics 智能集成诊断技术智能集成诊断技术