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1、完形填空完形填空1 近年高考完形填空题型特点1.以叙为主以叙为主,叙议结合叙议结合;2.篇章短小篇章短小,意义完整意义完整;3.首句完整首句完整,主题明确主题明确;4.结构清晰结构清晰,层次分明层次分明;5.考查语境考查语境,侧重辨析侧重辨析;6.实词为主实词为主,虚词为辅虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理逻辑推理,隐于语篇隐于语篇;8.常识语法常识语法,每年出现。每年出现。2四大要素四大要素 词汇词汇 逻辑逻辑语法语法 常识常识 一个主题一个主题 +语境语境3 完形填空解题步骤完形填空解题步骤1、通读全文，领会大意（、通读全文，领会大意（23分钟）分钟）2、逐句阅读，选出答案、逐句阅读，选出答案（67分
2、钟）分钟）3、猜测难点、整体复查（、猜测难点、整体复查（23分钟）分钟）41、通读全文，领会大意（、通读全文，领会大意（23分钟）分钟）跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。定选择，切忌仓促下笔。52、逐句阅读，选出答案、逐句阅读，选出答案（67分钟）分钟）在理解全文意思的基础上
3、，再结合所给备选项细读在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。注意：扰项、初步选定答案。注意：动笔时要瞻前顾动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、
4、先易后难。后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。63.猜测难点、整体复查（猜测难点、整体复查（23分钟）分钟）复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏
5、。完成各道题选择后，完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正做出修正。71.利用首句利用首句/首段信息解题首段信息解题命题者往往通过文章的首句或首段揭示文章命题者往往通过文章的首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁，或提的主旨
6、大意，体现文章的题材、体裁，或提供某些导向性信息。这个首句或首段就是对供某些导向性信息。这个首句或首段就是对整篇文章内容的概括和总结。整篇文章内容的概括和总结。同学们可以通同学们可以通过领悟首句或首段，把握文章的主题和文章过领悟首句或首段，把握文章的主题和文章的导向性（或作者态度的倾向的导向性（或作者态度的倾向 性），从而性），从而在整体上把握文章内容。在整体上把握文章内容。合理运用六大技巧把握语境合理运用六大技巧把握语境 8【例【例1】（】（2009浙江）浙江）The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone,and near its en
7、d,all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant.But what we actually saw simply 23 us all the rundown houses,the children in rags,the people begging for money The poverty(贫困贫困)was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined.Back in the hotel,an air of sadness set
8、tled over the group.Many 28 and cried.Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about humanity.27.A.stronger B.deeper C.worse D.less 28.A.gave up B.broke down C.set off D.held on92.运用语境信息解题运用语境信息解题近几年高考英语完形填空的特点是重点考查语近几年高考英语完形填空的特点是重点考查语 境。所谓境。所谓语境，就是文章的上下文，包括文章语气的一致性、意思语境，就是文章的上下文，包括文章语气的一致性、
9、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。另外，高考的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。另外，高考完形填空题型中，选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或完形填空题型中，选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。所以在做题时，所以在
10、做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和逻一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合上下文辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合上下文语境的答案。语境的答案。10(1)运用运用“前置信前置信息息”【例2】（2009山东）Even though it was only October,my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more 36,waiting for the f
11、inal school bell.Upon its 37 everyone would run for their coats and go home,everyone except David.36.A.anxious B.courageous C.serious D.cautious37.A.warning B.ringing C.calling D.yelling 11(2)运用运用“后置信息后置信息”【例【例3】（】（2009全国）全国）Stevenson,a Scotsman,had lived 37 for many years.In 1881 he returned to Sco
12、tland for a 38.With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39.37.A.alone B.next door C.at home D.abroad 123.运用生活常识和文化背景知识解题运用生活常识和文化背景知识解题完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背
13、景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。【例【例4】（】（2009北京）北京）He knew that his friends all had bicycles.It was 39 to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels.39.A.brave B.hard C.smart D.unfair134.运用语法知识解题运用语法知识解题解答本题型中个别考查语法知识的题目，要注意词语在句解答本题型中个别考查语法知识的题目，要注意词语在句中要符合词法、句法、结构
14、、习惯等要求。这就要求我们中要符合词法、句法、结构、习惯等要求。这就要求我们要分析句子结构，明确搭配关系，从惯用法、固定搭配的要分析句子结构，明确搭配关系，从惯用法、固定搭配的知识等方面来考虑进行选择。知识等方面来考虑进行选择。【例【例5】（】（2009浙江）浙江）As I encouraged group members to focus on 39 they could do,a sense of determination 40 the previous sadness.Instead of despair,these young people began to feel a call
15、to action.39.A.how B.where C.what D.when40.A.replaced B.changed C.covered D.improved145.借助相关信息词解题 高考完形填空绝大多数题目的四个选项的词性和意高考完形填空绝大多数题目的四个选项的词性和意义相同或相近义相同或相近,单从本句看可能会有两个甚至更多单从本句看可能会有两个甚至更多的答案，但有时在上下文中会有一些与选项意义紧的答案，但有时在上下文中会有一些与选项意义紧密相连的密相连的同义词、近义词或反义词同义词、近义词或反义词等，能为确定正等，能为确定正确选项提供依据。在解题过程中，同学们要充分利确选项提供
16、依据。在解题过程中，同学们要充分利用这些信息词进行合理的推测判断，从而选出最佳用这些信息词进行合理的推测判断，从而选出最佳答案。答案。15【例【例6】(2008陕西卷陕西卷)A woman in her sixties lived alonein her littlecottage with a pear tree at the door.She spent all her time taking care of the tree.But the children nearby drove her 21 by making fun of her.They would climb her tre
17、e and then run awaywith pears,22 “Aunty Misery”at her.21.A.hopeless B.painful C.dull D.crazy22.A.calling B.shouting C.announcing D.whispering16 6.运用语篇标志语解题运用语篇标志语解题语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段 落、篇章等。语篇落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语语篇标志语篇标志语”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语如
18、表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly,secondly,finally等；表示因果关系的等；表示因果关系的thus,therefore,so等，表示改变话等，表示改变话题的题的by the way；表示递进关系的；表示递进关系的besides,whats more,further 等，表示转折关系的等，表示转折关系的but,while,on the other hand等等 等。等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。【例【例7】（】（2009重庆）重庆）Pepple
19、often fall ill because of me.36,they can hardly blame me;it is their own 37.36.A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then37.A.business B.responsibility C.excuse D.faultA.17 1).When I entered Berkeley,I hoped to earn a scholarship The last hurdle(障碍障碍)was the final.No matter what 48 I got,it wouldnt canc
20、el three C-pluses.I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.I was speechless when my course grade arrived:A-plus.It was the only A-plus given.The next year I received my scholarship.Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson:you alone must set your own standard of excellence.(2008北京卷北京卷)48.A.grade B.an
21、swer C.lesson D.comment49.A.scholarship B.course C.degree D.subject Exercises for you182).Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain.When I finally got to my office,I was 47 through,exhaust-ed and 48 .(2008山东卷山东卷)47).A.wet B.weak C.sick D.hurt48).A.ashamed B.discouraged C.surpr
22、ised D.puzzled 193)When I took the first exam,I was 38 to find a 77,C-plus,on my test paper,39 English was my best subject.I went to Professor Jayne,Who listened to my arguments but remained 40 .(2008北京卷)38.A.shocked B.worried C.scared D.anxious 39.A.but B.so C.for D.or 40.A.unchanged B.unpleasant C
23、.unfriendly D.unmoved204).Jenna,a popular girl from Westwood Middle School,had graduate first in her class and was ready for new 16 in high school.17 ,high school was different.(2008天津卷)16.A.processes B.decisions C.challenges D.exercises17.A.Therefore B.However C.Otherwise D.Besides215）One evening,a
24、 passer-by asked to 23 for the night.Seeing that he had an 24 face,she let him in and gave him a nice 25 .The next morning the strangerOne day another man 33 her door.This one did not look trustworthy to her,34 she asked who he was (2008陕西卷陕西卷)23.A.stay B.live C.hide D.lie 24.A.interesting B.honest
25、C.anxious D.angry 25.A.gift B.kiss C.treat D.smile 33.A.stepped B.left for C.stopped at D.walked around 34.A.so B.but C.although D.becauseABCCA22 6).On the road of life,the help of strangers can 37 our loads and lift our spirits (2008年年重庆卷重庆卷)37.A.move B.increasing C.lighten D.carry 7).I 40 to be on
26、e of the people on the way to work that morning.I went from subway line to subway line to find that most(service)41had stopped.(2008年年山东卷山东卷)40.A.used B.promised C.deserved D.happened238).It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serv
27、ing Marl _ down and helped the boy pike up these articles.A.fell B.sat C.lay D.knelt Bob had made a“motherhood contract”declaring that for 70 days this summer he would _ the care of theirfour children and all the housework.A.stick to B.set about C.think about D.take over.When it was 5:00 pm,I was re
28、ady to go home.I was about to turn off my computer 49 I received an email from Garth,my Director:49.A.while B.when C.where D.afterBDDB249).she was competing against very talented girls,and she knew it would be 18 for her to be selected.Two hours later,the 19 read a list of the girls for a second try
29、out (2008年天津卷)18.A.difficult B.easy C.boring D.interesting 19.A.editor B.boss C.candidate D.judge10).I was a single parent of four small children,working at a low-paid job.Money was always tight,but we had a 36 over our heads,food on the table,clothes on our backs,and if not a lot,always 37 (2008年辽宁
30、卷)36.A.roof B.hat C.sky D.star37.A.little B.less C.enough D.more25巧解完形填空巧解完形填空高分技巧高分技巧一、研究首尾找主题二、上下联系寻信息三、左顾右盼找搭配四、思前想后觅逻辑五、语境分析辨词义六、集中精力破难题七、回读检查补漏洞26备战完形填空能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力27如何提高能力技巧如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础（固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练，以提高实战能力28