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1、第一章第一章信函信函(Correspondence).ObjectiveStudentsshouldbeableto:(1)gettoknowthebasicknowledgeofpracticalEnglish(2)letters.(2)gettoknowstructureofaletter.(3)gettoknowhowtowriteprivateletters(4)gettoknowhowtowriteprivatebusinessletter1.1英文书信的基本知识英文书信的基本知识(BasicKnowledgeofPracticalEnglishLetters)1.1.1英文书信的写
2、作通则英文书信的写作通则(TheGeneralRulesofEnglishLetterWriting)1Complete2Clear3Concise4Correct5Courteous1.1.2 信封信封(Envelope)英文信封的写法有并列式并列式(BlockedForm)和斜列式斜列式(IndentedForm)两种1.并列式(BlockedForm)Zhang Xue305 Nanjing Road(E)Apt.721Shanghai China Miss Helen Jones P.O.Box 2201 Mt.Herman,Ma 01354 U.S.A.Personal Stamp2
3、斜列式(IndentedForm)Zhang Xue 305 Nanjing Road(E)Apt.721 Shanghai China Miss Helen Jones P.O.Box 2201 Mt.Herman,Ma 01354 U.S.A.Personal stamp3说明语说明语PersonalPrivateOrdinaryMail Immediate(Urgent)Registered(Reg.)ExpressBy(Via)AirMailConfidentialSecret TopSecretPrintedMatter WithParcel(Packet)Local本4.如果信件不
4、是通过邮寄，而是托某人转交，则信封上不写收信人的地址，只在收信人名称之下写：ByPolitenessofByKindnessofThroughtheCourtesyofPerKindnessofPerFavorofFavoredbyFavorby，加上带信人的姓名，例如：Prof.ThomasSilverByKindnessofDr.WilliamSnow敬请威廉斯诺博士转交托马斯西尔教授收如果不写出带信人的姓名，则只需在收信人姓名之上写：PleaseForward,例如：PleaseForwardMr.JamesPea1.2书信的构成书信的构成(StructureofaLetter)1.2.
5、1英文书信的主要组成部分英文书信的主要组成部分(BasicStructureofaLetter)1.Heading信端2.Date日期3.InsideAddress收信人姓名、地址（信内地址）4.Salutation称呼5.Reference/SubjectHeading编号/主题6.BodyoftheLetter正文7.ComplimentaryClose结束语8.Signature签名9.Postscript再启10.Enclosure附件headingInside AddressSalutationReference/Subject headingBody of letterCompli
6、mentary Close SignaturePostscriptEnclosure斜列式：IndentedFormHeadingInside AddressSalutationReference/Subject headingBody of letterComplimentary CloseSignaturePostscriptEnclosure并列式：BlockForm1.2.2Explaining1.信端(Heading)(1)Theheadingisusuallyarrangedintoseparatelines.例如：XinhuaBookstorethename122Zhongsha
7、nRoadthenumberofyourhouseandthenameofthestreetChongqing,400700thevillage,townorcity,thecounty/stateandthepostcodeP.R.Chinathecountryiftheletteristobesentabroad(2)Words“St.”is“street”,“Rd.”(Road),“Sq.”(Square),“Ave.”(Avenue),“Pl.”(Place.)2.日期(Date)American convention is month,day,and year,for example
8、,“June 8,2000”or“June8th,2000”,buttheBritishconventionis“8June,2000”or“8thJune,2000.”3.封内地址(InsideAddress)a)To an individualMr.JohnAndersonPrincipal,JulietMusicSchool357BroadwayNewYork,NY10324b)To an anonymous officialMarketingManagerWanWeiComputerCompany117HaidianRoadBeijing,100825c)To the company
9、itselfAliceClothingcompany688RueRoadHongKong4.称呼(Salutation)DearMr.(orMr.orMrs.orMissorDr.)Johnson,DearProfessor/Prof.Xu,DearAuntJane,DearTom/Jane,InbusinessletterDearSir/Madam:Darecolleague:Towhomitmayconcern:5.主题(Reference/SubjectHeading)a)Asaphrase:DearMr.Smith,DRY CLEANING SERVICESThankyouforyou
10、rletterb)AsanameDearSir,BLACKSMITHIamverypleasedtowriteonbehalfofMr.Smithc)Asanumber(usuallyyourcorrespondentsreference)whichcanbecombinedwiththedateofhisletter:DearSir,YOUR LETTER WYC/1001,DATED 16 JUNE,1999Ihavetoinformyouthat6.正文(BodyofLetter)Thebodyusuallyconsistsofthreemainparts:(1)introduction
11、,(2)purpose,and(3)conclusion.信件开头的一些常用语句(1)IwasgladtoreceiveyourletterofMay24(2)WithgreatdelightIlearnthat(3)Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat(4)Ijustreceivedyourkindletter.(5)AsIhavenotheardofyouforlong,Ifeelanxious.(6)YourletterofSundayarrivedthismorning.(7)Iamwritingtoaskifyoucandomeafavor.(8)Veryman
12、ythanksforyourkindletter.(9)Iamverydelightedandexcitedoveryourgoodnews.(10)Iwasshockedtolearnthat(11)IhavethepleasuretotellyouthatIgothomesafeandsoundlastnight.(12)Pleaseforgivemefornothavingrepliedtoyouearlier.(13)Itsalreadyaweeksinceyoulefthome.(14)Iamjustwritingafewlinestointroduceaverygoodfriend
13、ofmine,Mr.xx,who,Ithink,youmightliketomeet.(15)Iammuchobligedtoyouforyourwarmcongratulations(16)Yourlettergavemesomuchfun(greatcomfort).(17)FirstofallImustthankyouforyourkindnesstomeandforyoucompliments.信件结尾的一些常用语句(With)bestwishestoyourfather.祝你父亲好。Withverymanythanks.Withkindestlovingregards.顺致问候。Wi
14、thfondest(bestl)love.祝好。Withmanyapologiesfortroublingyouwiththismatter.麻烦之处，深感歉意。Mymotherjoinsmeinloveyou.妈妈向你问好。Muchlovetoyouandyourfamily.祝你及全家人好。Withkindestwishesfrommyfamily.我们全家祝你好。Withmysinceresympathyandcondolences.特此表示衷心的同情和慰问。Allmybestwishesforthefuture.祝你一切顺利。Wishyoueverysuccessinyourfutur
15、ecareer.祝你成功。Iamgreatlyobligedforyoukindinvitation.谢谢你的邀请，我十分感谢.Maysuccessandprosperitycrownallyourundertakings.祝你工作顺利，万事如意。Expectingtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.希望你能尽快回信。Thankyouforyourpastfavor.过去多亏你的照顾，十分感谢。Withtheseasonsgreetings.向你致以节日的问候。Withallgoodwishesforyourrestorationtohealth.祝你早日康复。Look
16、ingforwardtothepleasureofmeetingyou.希望能见到你。Hopethatyouwilldomethefavorofacceptingthislittlegift.送上小小礼物，希望你喜欢。IwishyouahappyandmerryChristmasandaveryhappyNewYear!Iamlookingforwardtothepleasureofwelcomingyourvisit.我高兴的期待你的来访。Pleasenotifymeofthedetails,请将详情告诉我。Apromptreply,careofMr.Green,willoblige.请格林
17、先生立即转来回信。PleasepresentmykindrespectstoMrs.Green.请向格林夫人致意。Astoparticulars,Iwillwritetoyoumorefullynexttime.详情下次再聊。Regrettingtheinconvenience(trouble)causedtoyou.给你添麻烦了，深表歉意。Mymotherjoinsmeinloveyou.妈妈向你问好。Muchlovetoyouandyourfamily.祝你及全家人好。Withkindestwishesfrommyfamily.我们全家祝你好。Withmysinceresympathyan
18、dcondolences.特此表示衷心的同情和慰问。Allmybestwishesforthefuture.祝你一切顺利。Wishyoueverysuccessinyourfuturecareer.祝你成功。Iamgreatlyobligedforyoukindinvitation.谢谢你的邀请，我十分感谢.Maysuccessandprosperitycrownallyourundertakings.祝你工作顺利，万事如意。Expectingtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.希望你能尽快回信。Thankyouforyourpastfavor.过去多亏你的照顾，十分感
19、谢。7.结束语(ComplimentaryClose)Yourstruly,Yoursverytruly,Verytrulyyours,Yourssincerely,Sincerelyyours,Verysincerelyyours,Yoursfaithfully,Faithfullyyours,Veryfaithfullyyours,Yoursrespectfully,Respectfullyyours,Veryrespectfullyyours,Yourscordially,Cordiallyyours,Verycordiallyyours,Yoursaffectionately,Affe
20、ctionatelyyours,Affectionately,Yours,Asever,Yoursever,Fondly,Withlove,Love,8签名(TheSignature)Yourssincerely,(Signature)(Miss)MaryWilliamsManagingDirector9再启(Postscript,缩写为P.S.)10附件(Enclosure,缩写为Encl.或Enc.)1.3私人书信私人书信(PrivateLetters)私人书信可以分为家信(FamilyLetters)和朋友问候信(LetterstoFriends)两种。私人书信的文体应该自然一些，口语化
21、一些。在写私人书信时，无论是家信还是朋友问候信都要注意以下几点：1即使是闲话家常的书信也要尽早说明自己写信的目的。2要尽量详细地叙述一下自己的近况。3若要提出事物的处理意见，应周全细致。4.不要在私人书信中打官腔，说空话，否则，会伤害亲情或友情。5.在这类书信中，呼语一般较为亲切，常用Dear加上人名；结束语也可以用一些表示亲昵的表达法。如：Yourslovingly,Yourown,Yoursaffectionately,Love,Yourlovingfather等。1.3.1家信家信(FamilyLetters)给父亲的信DearFather,You will be happy to he
22、ar that I have been enrolled in PrincetonUniversitywithatotalof660marks.Thisisafamousuniversitywithalonghistory.YoucanimaginehowhappyIwaswhenIwasinformedofthegoodnews.Nowadays,ItrytocollectsomematerialswhichwillbeusefulformystudyinPrincetonUniversity,andalsoattendsomelanguagenightschooltoimprovemyEn
23、glishabilities.Asyouknow,theopportunityisverypreciousforme,Iwilldomybesttomystudy.Withbestlovetomotherandsister!Yourlovingson,PeterHoward朋友问候信朋友问候信(LetterstoFriends)DearPaul,WhenareyoucomingbacktoBeijingUniversity？OrareyougettingtolikeMontrealsomushthatyoudontwanttocomeback？Gameoftennissinceyouwenta
24、way.Ihopeyoutookalotofpicturesthistime,sothatyoucanshowuswhereyouvebeenandalltheinterestingthingsyouvedone.Writesoonandletusknowwhenwecanexpectyou.Somanypeopleare always stopping Zhang Xiao and me and asking,“When is Paulcomingback?”Well,whenareyou?Affectionategreetingsfromallofus.Cordially,AnHeng最后
25、列举一些私人书信中常用的语句：Itsthefirstletterformetoyousinceyoulefthometobeginyourschoollife.Your mother and I are very happy to know your achievement in thecompetition.Iwantmyletterisasourceofjoyandconsolation,andwithallmystrengthIdesireforyouaspiritwellandcalm.IamverywellherewithmyfriendsandIhopeyouarethesamea
26、thome.Wealwaysmissyou!Yourmotherboughtagiftforyou,whensheknewyourprogress.1.4社交书信社交书信(LettersofSocialManners)邀请信邀请信(LettersofInvitation)写邀请信时有以下几个步骤：1要在邀请信的左下角写明受邀请人的名字2邀请信正文中首先要写明写信人的身份3.其次，要写明聚会举行的准确时间及地点。4.最后，要写明写信人对收信人来访者的态度。5.邀请信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候欣的署名一样。如：Affectionatelyyours,Sincerelyyours等。写邀请信时要注
27、意以下两点：1写邀请信一定要写得明确、完整。2写邀请信时，只要收信人已婚，都应在称呼的位置上写明邀请夫妻双方。范例1邀请参加庆祝会(InvitationLetterforCelebration)DearBetty,WeareplanningateapartytocelebrateDr.LiDesfiftiethanniversaryofhismedicalteachingandofcoursewewantyouandTomtocome.ItsnextFriday,Juneeight,atsevenoclock.Idohopeyoucanmakeit,asLinWenguangandIarelo
28、okingforwardwithgreatpleasuretoseeingyou.Affectionatelyyours,ZhangBinlan范例2邀请参加晚宴(InvitationLetterforSupper)DearAnn,WearehavingasupperSundaynight,Junethe4th-andofcoursewewantyouandBob!Comeatsix,ifyoucan.Wewillhavesupperearlyandplaysomebridgeafterwards.TheClarksandthePrestonswillbehere,andIhopeyoualw
29、aysenjoytheircompany.Wewillbeexpectingyouonthe4th,sodonotdisappointus!Withlove,Mary1.4.2应邀信及谢绝信应邀信及谢绝信(LetterofAcceptanceandLetterofRegretting)在写邀请信复信应注意几点：1.回信时要像邀请信一样简明。通常，是以妻子的身份代表夫妻两人给女主人回信。2.回信时无论接受与否，都应注意及时、礼貌。3.回信时应避免模棱两可的答复。4.在接受邀请时，要对受到邀请表示高兴、感谢。当无法赴会时，应表示失望及遗憾之情。一定要将无法赴会的原因作具体的说明。5.接受邀请时，要
30、回信重复邀请信上的内容，如月、日、星期及时间，以便纠正你或对方弄错的时间。写应邀信应遵循以下几个步骤：1.与邀请信一样，要在应邀信作上角写明称呼，称呼应与邀请信上的署名一致。2.应邀信正文中首先要明确写出接受邀请，并重申一下邀请信中的日期，并表示一定准时参加。3.之后，要对对方做出的邀请表示感谢。4.最后，要表示一下对对方举办的聚会的期待之情。5应邀信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。应邀参加晚宴(LetterofAcceptancetoaDinnerInvitation)DearMrs.Benton,WangYiandIwillbedelightedtodinewithyouonTu
31、esday,thefifthofMay,atsevenoclock.Howveryniceofyoutoaskus!WearebothlookingforwardwithgreatpleasuretoseeingyouandDr.Bentonagain.Verysincerelyyours,ZhangNing应邀参加音乐会(Letterofacceptancetoaconcertinvitation)谢绝信的写作步骤：1与邀请信一样，要在谢绝信左上角写明称呼，称呼应与邀请信上的署名一致。2谢绝信正文中首先要感谢对方的邀请，然后明确写出无法接受邀请。并随后说明无法赴会的原因。3可以再次表示对首要
32、的感谢，并表示自己深深的遗憾。最后，要与祝对方的聚会圆满成功，并表示下次有机会一定接受邀请。DearDoris,Delighted!Well be there on Friday at seven,and go with youafterwardtothetheater.HowwonderfulofyouandFranktoaskus!Iwillbethereontime.Thanksagain.Affectionatelyyours,LiAn-ni4谢绝信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Affectionatelyyours,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等
33、。范例1Dear Mrs.Benton,I would certainly enjoy meeting you there.But unfortunately I expect guest myself on Wednesday,the 6th of May;and therefore cannot accept your invitation for dinner that day.It was thoughtful of you to invite me,and I am extremely sorry I can not accept.I do hope you will ask me
34、again some time.Yours sincerely,Wang Yi 范例2Dear Doris,I think youd better ask some other couple for Friday.He Yi is in Shanghai and wont be back for another week.What a wonderful evening he missed with you and Frank!Thanks for asking us,Doris.Im certainly sorry we cant say“yes”!Affectionately yours,
35、Li An-ni 1.4.3感谢信感谢信(LetterofThanks)（一）在写感谢信时应注意以下两点：1感谢信的措辞应自然、真诚，切忌套用一些空词滥调。2.感谢信中要选择恰当的言词对收信人提供的帮助或赠送的礼物表示赞誉。但不可言过其实。（二）感谢信可以根据以下几个步骤书写：1.与邀请信一样，要在感谢信左上角写明称呼。如：DearMr.Mary,dearMaryandTom,等。2.感谢信的正文首先要表明感谢之意。然后，要进一步交待致谢的原因3.如有可能，应当在信末提及今后必当回报。4.感谢信的署名与私人书信中给朋友的问候信的署名一样。（三）一些常用的致谢用语Thankyousomuch.M
36、anythanksforyourkindandwarmletter.Pleaseacceptmysincere(profound,grateful)appreciationsforThereisnothingmoreimportanttomethantoreceiveyourletters.Icannottellyouhowmuchyourletteramusedme.Atfirst,IwanttothankyouforyourkindnesstomeandforyourcomplimentsThankyouwithoutend.IregretverymuchthatIdidnothaveth
37、eopportunitytothankyoupersonallyforYoucouldnothavegivenmeanythingthatIwantedmore.Youwerekindtosendagift.ThisistothankyouagainforyourwonderfulhospitalityandtotellyouhowmuchIenjoyseeingyouagain.Youmustgivemethechancetoreturnyourkindnesswhenyouvisithere.Thankyoufordoingmearealfavor.Irealizedthatthetask
38、tookagreatdealofprecioustime.Yourletterofcongratulationsisdeeplyappreciated.范例1ThanksforthePresentDear Mrs.King,It was more than thoughtful of you and Mr.King to send us such a lovely glasses!They are perfect.Jim and I want to thank you a thousand times!The presents will be shown on the day of the w
39、edding but do come over this Thursday morning for a cup of coffee and an earlier view.Thank you again,and with love from us both.Katherine Norman 范例2TheBread-and-ButterLetterDear Kate,This is to tell you again how much I enjoyed the weekend at Ping Ridge.Everything was just about perfect:The weather
40、,the company,the beautiful surroundings-no wonder Im finding it difficult to get down to read this morning！The classroom seems so dull and prosaic after Ping Ridge.I hope you and Fred know how much I appreciate your hospitality,and youre many kindnesses to me.I count myself fortunate indeed to have
41、two such generous and charming friends!Affectionately yours,Mo Lin 1.4.4祝贺信祝贺信(LetterofCongratulations)（一）写祝贺信时有以下步骤：1.与邀请信一样，要在祝贺信左上角写明称呼，如DearMr.Mary,DearMaryandTom等。2.祝贺信正式文应首先交待值得祝贺的事情，然后要表达自己的祝贺之情。3.下面，要进一步说明自己对值得祝贺的事情的评价和自己的高兴之情，这部分是必不可少的，但或许可详细或可简略，视情况而定。4.在信件的结尾处应当再次用贴切的赞誉之词表示对收信人的祝贺。5.感谢信的署
42、名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样，如：Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等。（二）一些常用的祝贺用语：Whatexciting(wonderful,happy)news!Iamdelightedtohearsuchnews.Soyouhavedoneit.IcongratulateyouonYouhavenoideawhatathrillIgotwhenIheardPleaseacceptmyheartiestcongratulations.PermitmetocongratulateyouonWewantyoutoknowhowhappyweareIamdelighted
43、tolearnMayhappyreturns!祝您健康长寿！Ihopethateachyearfindsyouhappierthanthelastyear.Congratulationsandsinceregoodwishesonyourbirthday.Ilookforwardtogreetingyouonyourgoldenweddinganniversary.Mayyouhavemanygoldenyears.在你们金婚纪念之际，谨向你们表示祝贺。祝你们年年幸福（快乐）（美好）。Manyhappyreturnsoftheday!祝您幸福愉快！范例1LetterfortheMarriage
44、oftheFriendsStella,While we are not altogether surprised,we both delighted to hear the good news of your engagement.Teds family and ours are very close,as you know,and we have always been especially devoted to him.He is one of the finest and now luckiest of young men,and we send you every good wish
45、for all possible happiness.Affectionately Nancy Jackson 范例2LetterfortheBirthdayoftheFriendDear Babs,So youre a year older today-or dont you want to be reminded?Anyway,congratulations and best wishes and all that sort of thing.If you feel in the mood for celebrating,will you let me take you to dinner
46、 and the movies,as a sort of birthday treat?You name the day.And in the meantime,may happy returns!Cordially,Harold 1.4.3 1.4.3 道歉信道歉信(LetterofApology)（一）在写道歉信时应注意有以下几个步骤：1.与祝贺信一样，要在道歉信左上角写明称呼。如：DearMr.Mary,DearMaryandTom等。2.道歉信的正文首先要说出道歉的原因，并表示自己最真挚的歉意。3.提出对已经造成的伤害或财产损失的具体弥补措施。这种弥补措施一定要体贴，为收信人着想。4.
47、在信笺的的最后，应当再次提出真诚的歉意。5.感谢信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Yoursincerely,yourstruly等。（二）下面介绍一些常用的道歉用语：Pleaseacceptmyapologiesforinterruptingyourwriting.打断你的写作，真是抱歉。Iwillseetoitthatboysmustdosomethingtokeepthesoundfrominterruptingyou.我一定让孩子们安静些，不再打扰你。Idoapologizefornotcomingtoyourbirthdayparty.没能来参加的生日聚会，我真的很抱歉
48、。Its very kind of you to make so little of the accident,mycarelessnessisreallynotexcusable.谢谢你善意的原谅，我的粗心是不可谅解的。IfIfailtofindit,Iwillgetanewoneforyou.Thisisawarningtometobemorecarefulinthefuture.如果找不着，我一定为你买本新的。这是一次教训，我今后一定要更加小心。范例1为丢失朋友的书而道歉(RegretfortheLossofFriendsBook)DearCathy,Imverysorrytotelly
49、outhatIvelostthenovelPrideandPrejudiceI borrowed from you.I read it every day andintendedtofinishitthisweek.Unfortunately,Icantfinditthis morning.May be it was taken away by one of myclassmate;Illtrytorecoveritassoonaspossible.IfIfailtofindit,Illgetanewoneforyou.Thisisawarningtometobemorecarefulinth
50、efuture.CordiallyHelen1.5私人事务性书信私人事务性书信(PrivateBusinessLetter)介绍信介绍信(LettersofIntroduction)（一）在写介绍信时应注意以下几点通则：1明确交待被介绍人的身份，交待与被介绍人的关系。2交代清楚被介绍人的要求，以便收信人根据具体情况尽心安排，提供帮助。3要表达对收信人的问候及感谢。（二）普通介绍信应当按以下几点进行书写：1与邀请信一样，要在介绍信左上角写明称呼。如DearMr.Mary,DearTom等。2介绍信的正文要开门见山地介绍持信人的姓名，然后要写明写信人与持、信人的关系。如果持信人与写信人是朋友关系，