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1、Lecture One1、Personal Introduction2、Introduction to the course3、Introduction to assessment(考评）4、Requirements and rules 5、Subject-prominent and topic prominentPersonal IntroductionName屈典宁 JoannaProfessional statusassociate professorTeaching experience1996-Educational backgroundOn-the-job Ph.DWays of
2、contact13808468462 Public mail- 20112011Introduction to the course Purposes of the course Students will1)know the major differences between Chinese and English2)learn to use the related translation skills properly 3)cultivate bilingual(双语的）translation abilityTextbook and reference books 教材：彭萍，实用英汉对比
3、与翻译M，中央编译出版社，2009参考书：杜争鸣、陈胜利，英汉互译原理与实践教程M，北京，中国经济出版社，2008Assessment(考评）Make up of the final score:Total Mark(总评成绩)=70%期末考试成绩+30%平时成绩 平时成绩：attendance:30%participation in class：30%assignments:40%Final ExamTime:90 minutes,within the class,16th week Place:to be confirmedForm:1)Translation single sentenc
4、es 2)Translation paragraphs 80%:from the textbook 20%:outside the textbook 重要概念 Important concepts 原语：source language（SL)目的语:target language (TL)原文：source text 译文:target text 翻译腔：tranlationese 口译:interpretation interpret 口译人员：interpreter 笔译：translation translate 笔译人员：translator 直译：literal translatio
5、n 意译：free translation 直译的例子直译的例子:crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 chain reaction 连锁反应 gentlemens agreement 君子协定 paper tiger 纸老虎 go to ones external rest 安息 sleep the long sleep 长眠 see Marx 见马克思 go west 上西天 go to heaven 上天堂意译（free translation)Adams apple 喉结 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 It r
6、ains cats and dogs.大雨滂沱/倾盆大雨 直译字对字翻译 word for word translation：直译要近情理，便于读者理解、接受，否则就会变成硬译、死译。How are you?*怎么是你？How old are you?*怎么老是你？He is lying on his back.*他卧在他的背上。心花怒放 *heart flower angry open be wild with joy/be elated feel exuberantly happy burst with joyFree translation wishful translation(to
7、add or delete the content of the original,or add personal emotion)意译应当注重事实依据，不能无中生有、随意杜撰，否则就会变成胡译、乱译。Translation standards 翻译标准 傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似在神似-重神似不重形似Spiritual resemblance钱钟书：把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原来的风味。化境Sublime adaptation奈达：（Eugene Nida）:动态对等/功能对等 在译语中用最贴近最自然地
8、对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是风格。严复：“信、达、雅”信：忠实 faithfulness 达：流畅 smoothness 雅：古雅 elegant科技翻译：信：Faithful in content （内容上忠实于原文）顺：Smooth in expression （表达上通顺）Translation Steps理解 表达 校对 理解阶段：几层意思？逻辑关系？表达阶段：顺序：照搬原文逻辑顺序 OR 重组？表达：直译 OR 意译 校对：意思是否译出 表达是否通顺，是否符合目的语的规范Why will the comparative method be taken?英汉对比的重要性1、
9、语法对比:英汉句法结构的差异 英语的主语显著与汉语的主题显著 英语的形合与汉语的意合 英语的被动与汉语的主动 英语的静态与汉语的动态 英语的末端开放与汉语的首端开放 英语的演绎与汉语的归纳 英语的抽象概括与汉语的具体形象 英语的树状结构与汉语的竹式结构2、语义对比 my uncle3、文化对比 to laugh off ones head:*笑掉脑袋？Do you see any green in my eye?*你在我眼睛里看到了绿色吗？你以为我幼稚可欺的吗？译者的素质1、扎实的语言功底 bilingual competence（双语能力）2、广博的知识3、严谨的工作态度 4、善于使用合适的
10、工具书 英汉词典、英英词典、百科全书、网络Procedures of the classStep 1:Revision/homework-checking 3 students present their translation exercises and explain why they do so Step 2:New stuff introduction Step 3:PracticeStep 4:Summary 美国翻译家奈达在译意（Translating Meaning）译书中指出：“就汉语和英语而言，也许在语言学上最重要的一个区别，就是形合和意合的对比。”英语的“形合”：hypot
11、actic 是指通过形式手段表达句中的语法意义以及词与词之间、分句与分句之间的逻辑联系 英语的语法意义、以及词与词、句与句之间的联系呈现出外外显性显性(Explicitness)。汉语的汉语的 的的“意合意合”：paratactic 则指词语或分句之间不用或较少使用形式手段进行连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的内在的含义来表达。汉语的语法意义、词与词、句与句之间的联系呈现出内隐内隐 （implicitness)的特点、汉译英时：仔细分析并挖掘句子的内在逻辑联系，然后采用适当的词汇和语法形式将内在的逻辑联系表示出来。内隐型（汉语）外显型（英语）Chinese（意合）English（形
12、合）英译汉时：根据汉语的特点，省略不必要的连词和形式手段。外显型（英语）内隐型（汉语）English（形合）Chinese（意合）Sentence translation1、冬天来了，春天还会远吗？2、施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。3、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。4、燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。5、热胀冷缩是所有物质的共性。Sentence translation1、冬天来了，春天还会远吗？2、施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。3、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。1、If winter has come,will spring be far behind?2、If you do som
13、ebody a favor/confer a benefit,never remember it;if you receive one,remember it always/never forger it.3、As long as the green mountains are there,you neednt worry about the shortage of firewood.Sentence translation4、燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。5、热胀冷缩是所有物质的共性。4、If swallows go away,they will c
14、ome back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they will flower/bloom again.5、It is common for all matters/a common property of all matters to expand when(they are)heated and contract when(they are)cooled.1、1995年，我出生于北京，是老三，上面有两个姐姐。后来，又生了个弟弟，爸爸这才决定不生老五了，有老四继承香火就行了
15、。2、李立：男，现年25岁，毕业于北京大学中文系。二十岁时开始发表作品，已发表小说二十余篇。该同志有一定的组织领导能力，拟提升为文艺科科长(the section of literature and arts)。组织领导能力:leading and organizing talent1、1995年，我出生于北京，是老三，上面有两个姐姐。后来，又 生了个弟弟，爸爸这才决定不生老五了，有老四继承香火就行了。Reference translation:1:I was born in Beijing in 1995.With two elders sisters,I was thethird chil
16、d in the family.Later,with the birth of a boy intothe family,my father decided that there would be no more child in the family as it was enough for my brother to carry on the family name.2、李立：男，现年25岁，毕业于北京大学中文系。二十岁时开始发表作品，已发表小说二十余篇。该同志有一定的组织领导能力，拟提升为文艺科科长。Li Li,a 25-year old male,graduated from the
17、Chinese Department of Beijing University.Starting to publish creative works at the age of 20,he has now published about 20 novels.With considerable leading and organizing talent,he is therefore/hereby recommended to be the director for the section of literature and arts.3.As I walked along the sand,
18、I was captivated by the warm breeze,the sound of the ocean,and the light glinting off the water.4.Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,and the digital age will have arrived.(2001年研究生英语入学考试）
19、5.This Above All is a story of great emotional conflict between a girl who knew and loved the England of hunting,cricket,and afternoon tea,and a man who knew and hated the England of slums,mines,starvation and disease.Above All：电影名头等大事3.As I walked along the sand,I was captivated by the warm breeze,
20、the sound of the ocean,and the light glinting off the water.4.Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personali-ties will be regarded as workmates rather than tools and the digital age will have arrived.(2001年研究生英语入学考试）参考译文：1、漫步沙滩，暖风轻拂，海涛阵阵，海面波光粼粼，我不由沉醉其
21、中。2、孩子们玩的娃娃里装有个性化芯片；个性化配置的电脑将成为人们的工作伙伴而不仅仅是工具。我们将步入数字时代。5.This Above All is a story of great emotional conflict between a girl who knew and loved the England of hunting,cricket,and afternoon tea,and a man who knew and hated the England of slums,mines,starvation and disease.头等大事是一个充满了感情冲突的故事。年轻的姑娘了解并
22、热衷于英国式狩猎、打曲棍球和喝下午茶，而男主人公则对英国随处可见的贫民窟、矿井、饥荒和疾病非常了解并深恶痛绝。五四运动是一次彻底不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动。促成了中国工人运动同马克思主义的结合,在思想上和干部上为中国共产党的成立作了准备,是中国新民主主义革命的开端。五四运动：the May 4th Movement 帝国主义：imperialism 封建主义：feudalism 中国新民主主义革命：the Chinese New Democracy Revolution 五四运动是一次彻底不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动。促成了中国工人运动同马克思主义的结合,在思想上和干部上为中国共产党的成立作
23、了准备,是中国新民主主义革命的开端。The May 4th Movement is a thoroughly uncompromising revolutionary movement which targeted imperialism and feuda-lism.It is the startingpoint of Chinese New Democracy Revolution in that it helped to unite the workers movement with Marxism and paved the way for the founding of Chinese Communist Party in terms of ideology and leadership.