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1、美渠中国Five climaxes in western translation history西西方方翻翻译译史史上上的的五五次次高高潮潮美渠中国Five climaxesbackgroundsFamous translators Famous worksBrief introduction Contents:processfeature美渠中国The brief introduction:Since the WW,translation is no longer confined to religion and literature,but deep into all aspects of
2、 life.Also,translation is no longer led only by a few scholars,but became an attractive occupation.Translation in the West has a history of two thousand years,there have been five climaxes.The main body of the first three high tides are the“Bible”translation as well as Christian and Muslim cultural
3、exchanges.Later in the Renaissance,the translation activity was gradually developed into the ideological,political,philosophical and literary field.美渠中国At the end of the 4th Bc,the Greece bagan to decay and the Roman gradually grew stronger and stronger,but the contemporary Greece culture was still
4、superior to the Roman culture,thus it appealed to the Roman very much.In the middle of 3th Bc,the three fathers in roman culture:livius Andronicus（安德安德罗尼柯尼柯）、Quintus Ennius（涅涅维乌斯斯）和和Gnaeus Naevius（恩尼恩尼乌斯斯），and the later great writers all used Latin language to translate or adapt Homers epic or other
5、 Greece dramas.This is the first large scale translation activity.Five climaxes:The first climax:Translation in the ancient timesBackgrounds:美渠中国 During the first climax,it introduced the ancient Greece culture,especially the dramas to Roman,thus,promoted the born and development of the Roman cultur
6、e and later severed as a bridge for the West to inherit the ancient classical Roman literature.Five climaxes:The first climax:Translation in the ancient timesBackgrounds:美渠中国Septuagint(希腊文旧希腊文旧约圣圣经):It is said that at that time,72 scholars used 72 days to translate the Bible in Hebrew language into
7、Greece language for the Jew to learn the Bible.1.Septuagint希腊文旧希腊文旧约圣圣经 In this periodtwofamous achievementsFamous translators and his works:美渠中国Septuagint(希腊文旧希腊文旧约圣圣经):It is said that at that time,72 scholars used 72 days to translate the Bible in Hebrew language into Greece language for the Jew t
8、o learn the Bible.2.Odyssey in Latin version .奥德奥德赛 In this periodtwofamous achievementsFamous translators and his works:美渠中国 2).The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致；3).A translation should have all the ease of the original compositi
9、on.译文应和原文同样流畅。1).A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容 Famous translators and his works:Also,Alexander Tytlers（泰特勒）three principles of translation are very imporant,which is similar to Yanfus theory(信达雅):美渠中国Feature:Reason 1:Reason 2Five cl
10、imaxes:In this period,translation was mainly related about the religious stuff.As the church hatred the secular literature very much,thus,the Bible,the source and psychological weapon of the Christianism naturally meant a lot in religious world.As the Bible was firstly written in Hebrew(希伯来希伯来语)and
11、Greece language,so it must be translated in Latin language for the Romans.It reached its climax in the 4th century.The second climax:Translation in the Middle Age(4th6th)Background：美渠中国 Jerome(杰洛姆杰洛姆):the Vulgate(圣经通用本圣经通用本)Saint Jerome was an Latin Christian priest,confessor,theologian and historia
12、n,who also became a Doctor of the Church.He is best known for his translation of the Bible into Latin(the Vulgate),and his commentaries on the Gospel of the Hebrews.Jerome杰洛姆杰洛姆Famous translators and his works:Five climaxes:The second climax:Translation in the Middle Age(4th6th)美渠中国 In this period,T
13、oledo（托莱多托莱多）became Europes academic center for its prosperous translation activities.They translated many works from Arabic into Latin.This was the rare friendly contact between Christian and Muslim and also the third climax.In Toledo,the translation and academic activities lasted over a hundred ye
14、ars and had a profound influence in western culture.Translation in the Middle Ages(11th12th)Five climaxes:The third climax:美渠中国 Renaissance is a major development in the history of Western translation,especially in the sixteenth century and later period,the translation activity reached an unpreceden
15、ted height.Translation deep into all areas of ideology,politics,philosophy,literature,religion,involving large major works of ancient and contemporary,resulting in a large number of distinguished translator and a series of excellent translations.Translation in the Renaissance period(14th16th)Five cl
16、imaxes:The fourth climax:美渠中国 In France,the writer Amyot 阿米欧阿米欧had spent seventeen years(1542-1559)to translate the Plutarchs“Celebrity compare Greek and Roman Biography”.Chapman查普曼查普曼from 1598 to 1616 translated“The Iliad”and“Odyssey”In France:The fourth climax:Translation in the Renaissance period
17、(14th16th)Five climaxes:（伊利亚特伊利亚特和和奥德赛奥德赛）(简称简称名人传名人传)Famous translators and his works:美渠中国 In Germany,religious reformer Luther obeyed the will of the people,using the language of the people,in 1522-1534,the first printed and published translation,the people of the Bible,creating a new era of moder
18、n German development.Famous translators and his works:In Germany:The fourth climax:Translation in the Renaissance period(14th16th)Five climaxes:美渠中国Florio in 1603 the translation of Montaigne“essays“,was the brilliant literary star in the English translation.And in 1611,the print of”the King James t
19、ranslation of the Bible”marks another major development in the British history of translation.With English-style authority,population and beauty,it won the reputation of the greatest English translation”,widely known in Britain and had a profound effect on the development of modern English.In Britai
20、n:The fourth climax:Translation in the Renaissance period(14th16th)Five climaxes:Famous translators and his works:(弗罗里欧弗罗里欧)（蒙田的散文集蒙田的散文集）（钦定圣经译本钦定圣经译本）美渠中国Five climaxes:The fourth climax:Translation in the Renaissance period(14th16th)In short,the Renaissance played a very important role in the west
21、ern history of the development of translation,it marked that the national language status in the field of literature and translation has finally been consolidated,simultaneously showed the translation played a huge role in the formation and development of the national language,literature and thought
22、 .美渠中国 The fifth climax of Western translation activities happened since the end of WW.After WW II,the West entered a relatively stable period,the production have been developed.A gradual economic recovery,science and technology are developing rapidly.This is the material basis for the prosper devel
23、opment of translation.Translation after WWFive climaxes:The fifth climax:美渠中国123Five climaxes:the expansion of the scope of the translation,especially in technology,business area.the scale has exceed the past.it plays a more and more important role in the world communication of literature,art,scienc
24、e,technology,politics and economy.The fifth climax:Translation after WWDistictive features in this time:From the scope,to the scale,effect and to the forms are all different from any time in the past,having made tremendous progress.4the form of translation has also been greatly changed and improved in three aspects:美渠中国Thank you!搜集材料搜集材料搜集材料搜集材料搜集材料搜集材料PPT汇报 小组成员及分工：李阳魏晓洁邱立立黄黄成成李晶晶PPT制作制作