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1、2023年天坛中英文导游词 南门进北门出 天坛中英文导游词 天坛中英双语导游词 篇1：天坛中文导游词 各位游客，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。 明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间
2、，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。 可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。 现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。 现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙
3、，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，为云门玉立。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，以此类推，到
4、了最外边的第九圈正好是81块；而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，而中层的围护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。 说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄;
5、在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后，要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉(从正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚烧，皇帝也要一旁恭立目视，称为望燎)和燎炉(圜丘坛共有12座燎炉，在瘗坎北侧，从东向西排列着8个;内围护墙东西棂星门外各有一对。从配位幄次车下的祭品分别送到8个燎炉内焚烧，而四个从位幄次的祭品送到棂星门处)焚烧，烟雾腾空，象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血
6、送到瘗坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。 现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西
7、配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。 它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是
8、很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。 也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。 在游览过了圜丘坛和皇
9、穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢？这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥；而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。 好，回到正题，现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之
10、前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。 到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在家靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而
11、巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬；而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份；外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气；同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感殿内建筑的同时，也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的，正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服
12、的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。到这里，祈年殿也差不多讲完了，而它还有一个附属建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。 现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢？原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而
13、最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。且不管他们怎么定论了。 谢谢大家，如有不妥之处，还望见谅。 篇2：天坛英文导游词 (Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven) Ladies and Gentlemen: W
14、elcome to the temple of Heaven.It is also one of the preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all,there are 12 million visitors very
15、 year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven. (Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar) 背景The largest group of architectures ever to
16、 be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar独家祭台 for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of succeive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why? 天的理解The ancient Chines
17、e believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being. The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe,or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially t
18、rue during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held. 历史The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heave
19、n and earth,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls,a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery,while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the
20、Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.南棂星门(Along the Imperial Paage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar) 圜丘the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate,each in turn cons
21、isting of three doors,with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the paage facing north,you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs,while the narrower one was used by courtiers. On the day of
22、 the ceremony,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar. (Atop the Circular Mound Altar) we are now on the top terrace of the Altar,or the third terrace .Each t
23、errace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of
24、 carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9.But why? 数字阴阳 According to ancient Chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number acceible to man .W
25、hat is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor s abode was on the uppermost tier. Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang (a Chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while
26、the middle is 15 zhang， the lower， 21 zhang.Claified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized succe.What is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized .The
27、concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.祭祀过程 Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor s a
28、ncestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit .In the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of
29、 royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise up
30、ward as if they were seeing God off .Music and dancing would follow .In the end ，the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be bleed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.祈福 It is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the al
31、tar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone ，which is known as the Gods heart Stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphe
32、re of the service .You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pa through the Lattice StarGate) (In front of the Gate of glazed tiles) this structure is known as Heaven s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing ，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tile
33、s or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in china today . the Heaven s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd， a former British foreigh secretary ，once said ， God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here. Now let s go in
34、to to see it (Go through the left side door) (In the courtyard of Heaven s Storehouse) 皇穹宇 this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven， the main structure of Heaven s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded bal
35、l ，and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.The ramp is carved in Two dragons Playing with a pearl d
36、esign in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side. (On the marble terrace of the main hall) the arch of the hall is buttreed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caion ，or covered ceiling .T
37、he ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses. To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal基座.Atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined
38、.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder. 回
39、音壁(Echo Wall and Triple sound Stones) Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， Heaven s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features，i.E.the Echo Wall and the Triple- Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other sid
40、e， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is poible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks. In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound
41、 will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward) 九龙柏 (Nine-Dragon Cypre柏树) the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypre tree
42、s-there are more than 60，000 cypre trees in all ，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .This tall cypre was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is kn
43、own as the Nine-Dragon cypre.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.成贞门 (In the south of Chengzhen Gate) now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen (Adopting Fidelity) .This gate
44、 is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.丹陛桥 (On the Red Stairway B
45、ridge) entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest， we set foot on a raised paage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway， called Danbiqiao (Red Stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitute
46、s a single axis. The paage is divided into left， control and right paths by the cro arrangement of slabs.The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for God; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it .The emperor used the pa
47、th on the east ，which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west .Interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them. Contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all .B
48、ut how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing. Looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest， the flanking g