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1、The Passive Voice 被动语态被动语态我们我们在学校花园里在学校花园里种种了了20棵棵树树。20棵棵树树被被我们我们种种在学校花园里了。在学校花园里了。planted twenty in our school garden.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语treesWeTwenty trees were planted by us in our school garden.主语主语宾语宾语宾变主，把宾变主，把be补；动词跟，变过分；时与数，都随主。补；动词跟，变过分；时与数，都随主。了解被动语态了解被动语态被动语态构成：被动语态构成：be+P.P2、形式、形式:1)一般现在时：一般现在时
2、：am/is/are+P.P Bananas are grown in Hainan.(海南种植香焦。）海南种植香焦。）1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态2)一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+P.P Were the trees planted by him.这些树是他种的吗？这些树是他种的吗？3)一般将来时：一般将来时：will+be+p.p Many more trees will be planted in our school next year.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）4)现在完成时：现在完成时：h
3、ave/has+been+P.P The homework has been finished.（家作已经做完了。）（家作已经做完了。）5）现在进行时态：）现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+P.P The building is being built.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）那栋楼房正在建设中。）v6)had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 vBy the end of last year,another new gymv had been completed in Beijing.v7)was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 vA meeting
4、 was being held when I was there.v8）should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.1.1.某些特殊的被动结构某些特殊的被动结构v1）短语动词的被动）短语动词的被动vThe baby is taken good care of by them.v注意：短语动词不分割，不可省略介词，副词。注意：短语动词不分割，不可省略介词，副词。va)不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词+宾语宾语vYou will look aft
5、er the babyvThe baby will be looked after by you.vb)及物动词及物动词+副词副词vHe hands in his homework on time every day.vHis homework is handed in on time every day.Eg.He will stop showing off if no notice _ of him.vA.is taken B.will be takenvC.takes D.has takenA A2）含有）含有that宾语从句的句子变成被动句，常把间宾语从句的句子变成被动句，常把间接宾语
6、作为主语，接宾语作为主语，that从句不变。从句不变。vShe told me that she won the game last night.vI was told that she won the game last night.3)非谓语动词的被动语态非谓语动词的被动语态a)不定式的被动语态；I am happy to be invited to your birthday party.b)分词的被动语态；I object to being kept working.4)不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者时；不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者时；The mass murderer was
7、put into prison.2.2.情态动词的被动情态动词的被动vThe baby must be looked after well.v S+can/must/have to+be done.vWe all find it necessary that plenty of oral practice _to get a good language sense.vA.should be done B.must be done vC.ought to be done D.be doingA A3.get3.get型被动句型被动句vOur house is getting painted.vD
8、id your question get answered?v注意：用get+ed分词的被动语态，其后的动作执行者一般不表示出来。v在英语中，有些结构用get代替be与过去分词连用构成被动语态，即get+过分=be+过分；After dark,I wont go out.I am afraid that I might get/be robbed.4.不定式被动结构v试比较:An exhibition of painting is to be held at the museum next week.v An exhibition of painting was held at the mus
9、eum last week.vThe play _next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.vA.produced B.being produced vC.to be produced D.having been producedCvHe saw a little girl stand under the tree.vA little girl was seen to stand under the tree.vHe had his bike to repair.他要修车（自己修）vHe had his bike to be rep
10、aired.他要去修车（别人修)5.固定句式vIt is said/reported/hoped/believed thatv sb/sth be said to do/to have done.vIt is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.vA.are being built B.were being built vC.was being built D.is being builtD D考点考点v1.考查语态和时态的结合考查语态和时态的结合v2.考查时态及主谓一致考查时态及主谓一致v3.考查被动
11、语态和系表结构的区别考查被动语态和系表结构的区别v4.考查用主动形式表示被动含义或被动形式表考查用主动形式表示被动含义或被动形式表示主动含义示主动含义v5.不用被动的情况不用被动的情况考点一：语态和时态的结合考点一：语态和时态的结合v We planted many trees last year.v Many trees were planted by us last year.v过去时的被动结构：was/were+p.pvAll visitors to this village _with kindness.v A.treat B.are treated v C.are treating
12、D.had been createdBv(2012四川)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own home_.vA.is being rebuilt B.has been rebuiltvC.is rebuilt D.has rebuiltA A考点二：考察语态与主谓一致考点二：考察语态与主谓一致vThe father as well as his three children _skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
13、vA.is going B.go C.goes D.are goingC C考点三：被动语态和系表结构区别考点三：被动语态和系表结构区别vThe novel was well written(系表结构表示性质与状态)vThe novel was written by Dickens.(被动结构强调动作发出者)被动语态和系表结构的区分；被动语态和系表结构的区分；1）被动语态的过分表示的是动作，句尾可以用by；系表结构的过分表示的是状态，是个形容词，句尾不可用by.2)时态上，被动语态可以用各种时态；系表结构只能用于一般时和完成时。vTom sounds very _ in the job but
14、 Im not sure whether he can manage it.v A.interested B.interesting v C.interestingly D.interestedlyA A 3)被动语态的过分可以被much修饰；系表结构的过分可以被very修饰。被动语态只有被动意义，系表结构只有主动意义。系表结构的过分常表示心理、感情。He was very excited.He was much excited by the news.考点四：主动表被动考点四：主动表被动&被动表主动被动表主动（一）主动表被动（一）主动表被动v1.某些连系动词，如 smell,taste,fe
15、el,sound,prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。v例1）The mixture tastes terrible.v例2）She proves very patient and warm-hearted.v(2011辽宁)The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.vA.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feelsC Cv2.某些不及物动词（其主语大多指物）可以表达被动意义，有如下两种情况：v 1）动词表示主语内在动词表示主语内在“品质品质”或或“性能性能”的及物动词，的及物动词
16、，如 lock,shut,open,move,read,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw,cut等，常与easily和well连用。v 例1.The cloth washes well.v 2.The poem reads well.v 2)某些表示某些表示“发生发生”（happen,take place,occur）,“爆发爆发”(break out,burst out),和和“传播传播”spread的不及物动词，的不及物动词，如：vThe news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.1
17、.Three quarters of the worlds books _(write)in English.2.This kind of sweater _(sell)well.3._ Lesson 50 _(teach)next week?are writtensellsWillbe taughtv3.某些可用于“主+谓+主补”的结构中的不及物动词可用来主动表被动，如 wear,blow等。v例1）This material has worn thin.v例2）The door blew open.v4.结构：结构：want/need/require+doingv =want/need/r
18、equire+to be donevThe flowers want/need/require watering.v=The flowers want/need/require to be watered.v5.结构：结构：be worth doing sth.值得做某事值得做某事vThis film is really worth watching.v6.有些形容词后的不定式，用主动表被动。有些形容词后的不定式，用主动表被动。v1)n.+be+too+adj.+to dov The plane is too high to see.v2)n.+be+adj.+enough+to dov Th
19、e book is cheap enough for me to buy.v3)n.+be+adj.+to dov The question is not easy to answer.（二）被动形式表示主动意义（二）被动形式表示主动意义v1.反身动词(及物动词+反身代词)作谓语时，其宾语反身代词，表示动作返回到执行者本身，主语此时既是动作的执行者，又是动作的承受者。由于反身动词具有这一特点，在被动结构中动作的承受者，也就是动作的执行者，在句中表现出主动意义。v 例1.He seats himself at the back of the classroom.v He is seated at
20、 the back of the classroom.v 例2.She was lost in the forest.v She lost himself in the forest.v2.“引起感情”等动词的被动形式表示主动意义。例1)The teacher is satisfied with what he said.例2)He was tired with playing all day.v3.某些表示定位，移位的动词。The earth is tilted(倾斜)a little.v4.不及物动词的-ed形式与be连用表示主动意义。He is advanced in years.v 他
21、年纪很大了5.表示终止动词的-ed形式 He is done with it.My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.6.一些习惯用法 1)You are mistaken.2)He was gradated from Beijing University.7.被动的祈使句.Do be seated.Be prepared,please.Get washed.考点五：不能用被动的情况考点五：不能用被动的情况va)宾语是反身代词时；vI cut myself with a knife.vb)宾语是同源宾语；vHe dreamt a beautiful dream.vc)宾语是不定式或者动名词；vI enjoy watching football games.vd)短语：make it!成功！vHes never made it as a lawyer.ve)无被动的情况：take place,break out,lose heart,belong to,consist of(由组成，包括）等。