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1、物流管理英文PPTOutlineWhat is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planningExample:a skiwear makerRetail season from Sep to DecOver 95%of the products are new designs each yearRetail stores are located in North Americamost outerwear(parkas,pants,suits,shells,and jacket
2、s)are produced in AsiaEach style comes in several colors and there are several style/colors in totalWhat needs to be done in order to make a sale?Example:Boeing 787Example:Boeing 787The design of Boeing 787 was finished in four countries as USA,Japan,Italian,and Russia.In the project of Boeing 787,m
3、ore than 4 million parts will be produced in more than 40 countries.Boeing only produced less then 10%part in this project.And he will assemble the parts in his own manufactory.Example:Boeing 787WingJapanBodyItalianUndercarriageFranceRudderChinaWingJapanExample:The hub of FedExMemphisLouisvilleExamp
4、le:The hub of UPSExample:The hub in Pacific-Asia广州广州Example:The hub in EuropeanChallengesChallengeHow to make the manufacture more efficiently,how to connect the difference plants more tightly,how to reduce the cost and how to increase the service level?What is the basic support to this performance?
5、One answer is logisticsBut,why?WarehousingWarehousingTransportationTransportationVendors/plants/portsTransportationFactoryTransportationCustomersInformationflowsThe Immediate Supply Chain for an Individual FirmCR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.1-2Value-added Role ProductionFormMarketing*PossessionLogisticsT
6、ime and Place*Engineering and Finance may also be involved.Logistics different perspectiveManagement of materials in motion and at rest InventoryGetting the right product to the customer,in the right quantity,in the right condition,at the right place,at the right time,and at the right cost(called th
7、e“seven Rs of logistics”)CustomerThe branch of military science having to do with procuring,maintaining,and transporting material,personnel,and facilities-DictionaryLogistics different perspectiveThat part of the supply chain process that plans,implements,and controls the efficient,effective flow an
8、d storage of goods,services,and related information from point of origin to point of consumption in order to meet customer requirements Council of Logistics ManagementHandling the details of an activity Common cultureEvolution of Supply Chain ManagementCR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.Subdivisions of Logis
9、ticsMilitary logisticsEvent logisticsLogistics in manufacturingLogistics in services“Logistics also proved a problem in this idyllic but remote location.The day before the festival,a plane skidded off the runway,closing Lijiang airport for the day.Music fans,media and performers found themselves gro
10、unded.Many had to take overnight bus rides from Kunming to Lijiang.But getting to Lijiang was just the beginning.The festival site itself was a 45-minute drive out of town,in the shadow of Snow Mountain.Transport problems plagued the weekend,a situation made more unbearable by the weather.”Turned on
11、,turned in and washed out,SCMP,Aug.24,2002“As a combat arms officer,I learned early on that its the logisticians that get you to the battle and sustain you in the battle.”General Colin PowellFormer Chairman,Joint Chiefs of Staff“An army marches on its stomach!”“Dr.Amy,the medical director of America
12、n Red Cross(ARC)s regional blood center for the northern Ohio region located in Cleveland,was in low spirits.Following March,in which severe outdating of blood products had taken place,she was facing an extreme shortage of blood in April.The substantial outdating of blood products in March and their
13、 severe shortage in April had proved very costly.She reflected upon the ARCs stated mission“of providing the highest quality blood components at the lowest possible cost.”She wondered if some changes in its blood inventory management program would reduce operating costs for ARC and also increase the
14、 availability of blood to the hospitals that it supplies.”Business Logistics Management,Ronald H.Ballou“In two years National Semiconductor reduced distribution costs by 2.5 percent,decreased delivery time by 47 percent,and increased sales by 34 percent by closing six warehouses around the globe and
15、 air-freighting microchips to customers from a new centralized distribution center in Singapore.”Henkoff,R.Delivering the goods,Fortune,Nov.28,1994OutlineWhat is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planningLogistics ObjectivesCustomer serviceCost Add valueTimePl
16、ace ActivitiesOrder processingTransportationInventoryLocationWarehousingPackagingMaterial handlingSourcing quality detailed production scheduling equipment maint.capacity customer service standards pricing packaging retail location promotion market research product mix sales force management product
17、 scheduling plant location purchasing transport inventory order processing material handlingProduction/OperationsLogisticsMarketingLogistics and Finance/AccountingROA=(revenue-expenses)/assetsLogistics can impact ROA in several waysinventory is an asset on the balance sheetutilization of logistics r
18、elated assetslogistics cost Logistics managers have to justify investment in logistics-related assets.Accounting systems are critical for providing cost information for logistics The Importance and ChallengeLogistics creates values to customers;The costs are significant;Logistics can gain competitiv
19、e advantage.Product life cycles become shorter and shorter;Supply chain become more complex;Product variety increasesCompetitive advantageDellSell directly from its website and call-centersBuild to orderOutsource component production and express shippingZaraSpeed to market in around five weeks(indus
20、try norm:6-9 months)Avoid mass productionWal-MartCollaborative planning forecasting and replenishmentCross-dockingRFIDOutlineWhat is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planningLogistics TriangleCustomer ServiceTransportationInventoryLocationOther IssuesWarehous
21、ingInternational logisticsReverse logisticsIT issuesEDI,Internet,ERP and othersSourcingPlant:HoustonMarket:ChicagoProduction cost:$8Price at Market:$15Transportation and storage cost(per cwt):$5Weight per shirt:1 poundExample:current practiceExample:an alternativeRaw materials:HoustonPlant:ChinaMark
22、et:ChicagoImport duty:$0.5Production cost:$4 Transportation and storage costs(per cwt.):$6Weight of raw material:1 poundShipping cost(per cwt.):$2Example:questionsFrom a logistics-production cost standpoint,should the shirt be produced in China?What additional considerations,other than the above log
23、istics-production tradeoff,might be considered before making a final decision?OutlineWhat is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planningDecision area StrategicTacticalOperationalTransportation Mode selectionSeasonal equip-ment leasingDispatchingInventoriesLocat
24、ion,Control policiesSafety stock levels Order fillingOrderprocessingOrder entry,transmittal,and processing systemdesignProcessingorders,Fillingback ordersPurchasingDevelopment of supplier-buyer relationsContracting,Forward buyingExpeditingWarehousingHandling equipmentselection,Layout designSpace uti
25、lizationOrder pickingand restockingFacilitylocationNumber,size,andlocation of warehousesStrategic,Tactical,and Operational PlanningGuidelines for Logistics PlanningTotal cost conceptsDifferentiated distributionPostponementConsolidationStandardizationTotal cost conceptsRailTruckAirCostCost of transpo
26、rtationInventory costInventory and transportation costs trade-offCostCost of transportation,order processing and inventoryLost sales costCost vs.customer service levelImproved customer serviceCostInventory costRevenueTransportation costRevenueIncreasing number of stocking pointsSetting number of sto
27、cking pointsCostInventory holding costLost sales costSetting inventory levelAverage inventory levelCostInventory holding costTransportationcostSetting the frequency of deliveryDelivery intervalDifferentiated distributionIdea:not all products or customers should be treated the same way.Example 1:avai
28、labilityA item:gasolineB item:tires,batteries,oil,grease and transmission fluidC item:valve stems,windshield wiper blades,radiator caps,hoses,fan belts,car waxExample 2:customerCentral warehouseLocal warehouseLocal warehousecustomercustomercustomercustomercustomerExample 3:order statusCUSTOMERPostpo
29、nementMany retailers do not keep inventory other than samples.(time)Dell Computer configures computer systems to customer orders.(form)Steel service centers cut standard shapes and sizes of steel products into custom products for customers(form)Central IdeaTo avoid shipping(keeping)goods in anticipa
30、tion of when demand will occur(time postponement)and to avoid creating the form of the final product in anticipation of that form(form postponement)Chocolate 5 Vanilla 5 demand=8 demand=2Plain 10 Add chocolate flavorAdd vanilla flavorApplicabilityTechnology&process designFeasible to decouple primary
31、 and postponed operationsLimited complexity of customizing Quick customizationProductHigh commonality of modulesHigh value density of productsMarketShort product life cyclesDemand uncertaintyVaried markets and customersConsolidation InventoryVehicle consolidationWarehouse consolidationTemporal conso
32、lidationStandardization Logistics cost increases when product variety increasesExample:automakers create product variety by adding or substituting options at the point of sales;Different models of computers share a lot of common componentsStandard containersWhat is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning此此课课件下件下载载可自行可自行编辑编辑修改，修改，仅仅供参考！供参考！感感谢谢您的支持，我您的支持，我们们努力做得更好！努力做得更好！谢谢谢谢