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1、Unit 1 Teenage Life Section B Discovering Useful StructuresPart.1Lead-inLead-inUse phrases to describe the picture.This is _.The dog is _.The dog smiles _.a happy dogvery/really/quite happyvery/really/quite happily短语或词组（Phrases）是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。短语，又叫词组。它是大于词而又不成句的语法单位。从功能上可以分为:名词性短语（Noun Phrase或
2、NP）、形容词性短语（Adjective Phrase或AdjP）、副词性短语（Adverb Phrase或AdvP）、介词短语（Prepositional Phrase或PP）动词短语（Verb Phrase或VP）。本单元重点学习前三种短语的用法。基本知识概述Leading in名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语【体验【体验悟】悟】阅读下面课文原句阅读下面课文原句,分析其短语类型。分析其短语类型。1.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.2.The
3、 first week was a little confusing.3.First,I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.4.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language.Leading in5.I tried to join the school football team,but the coach told me that I didnt play well enough.6.Im a bit worried about keeping u
4、p with the other students in my advanced course.Leading in【生成【生成得】得】1._:以一个以一个名词名词为中心构成的短语为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能在句中的功能相当于名词相当于名词。2._:以一个以一个形容词形容词为中心构成的短语为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能在句中的功能相当于形相当于形容词容词。3._:以一个以一个副词副词为中心构成的短语为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能在句中的功能相当于副词相当于副词。名词短语名词短语形容词短语形容词短语副词短语副词短语Part.2While-classWhile-class短语短语类型类型组成组成
5、功能功能例子例子名词名词短语短语1.(限定词限定词)+(形容词形容词,形容词短语形容词短语,描述描述性名词性名词)+名词名词+(介词介词短语短语)2.名词名词+介词短语介词短语/不定式不定式/定语从句等定语从句等在句中作名词用在句中作名词用,一般用作主语、宾一般用作主语、宾语、语、表语或宾语补表语或宾语补足语足语a long river,some nice books,the capital city of ChinaWhile-class一、名词短语一、名词短语名词名词与与修饰词修饰词有两种位置关系。一是放在被修饰的名词前叫定语或前置定有两种位置关系。一是放在被修饰的名词前叫定语或前置定语语
6、;一种是放在被修饰的名词后叫后置定语。一种是放在被修饰的名词后叫后置定语。1.前置定语前置定语一般来说有两种修饰语一般来说有两种修饰语:其一是其一是限定词限定词,如如a,the,these,my等等,对名词对名词起泛指或特指起泛指或特指,定量或不定量的作用。其二是定量或不定量的作用。其二是形容词形容词用来表示名词的性质和特用来表示名词的性质和特性性,如如red,small,beautiful,long等。等。a cute boy一个可爱的男孩一个可爱的男孩 a lively city 一座充满生机的城市一座充满生机的城市While-class2.后置定语后置定语在复杂的名词短语中在复杂的名词短
7、语中,更常见的是后置定语更常见的是后置定语,包括包括:定语从句、介词短定语从句、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。等。The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother.(_短语作定语短语作定语)The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.(_作定语作定语)The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother.(句子作定语句子作定语,即即_)。那个穿牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。那个穿牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。介词介词现在分词现在
8、分词定语从句定语从句While-classBeijing is a beautiful city with a long history.(_ 作定语作定语)中国的首都北京是一个有着悠久历史的美丽城市。中国的首都北京是一个有着悠久历史的美丽城市。All the people admire the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge designed by a Chinese architect called Meng Fanchao.(_作定语作定语)所有人都赞赏那座由中国建筑师孟凡超设计的港珠澳大桥。所有人都赞赏那座由中国建筑师孟凡超设计的港珠澳大桥。I have a
9、 lot of work to do.(_作定语作定语)我有许多工作要做。我有许多工作要做。介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式While-class不定式在形容词后作定语也可构成形容词短语不定式在形容词后作定语也可构成形容词短语English is easy to learn.英语很好学。英语很好学。The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。【点拨迷津】【点拨迷津】动词不定式作定语的两点注意事项动词不定式作定语的两点注意事项(1)不定式作定语时不定式作定语时,如果动词是不及物动词如果动词是不及物动词,动词后面的
10、介词一定不要忘掉。动词后面的介词一定不要忘掉。例如例如:The room is comfortable to live in.这个句子中这个句子中live为不及物动词为不及物动词,作定语作定语时后面的介词时后面的介词in必须加上。必须加上。(2)在这个结构中不定式主动表被动。我们可以说在这个结构中不定式主动表被动。我们可以说English is easy to learn.但不但不能说能说English is easy to be learned.。While-class短语短语类型类型组成组成功能功能例子例子形容词形容词短语短语(副词副词)+形容词形容词+(介介词短语词短语)在句中作形容词用
11、在句中作形容词用,修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词,还可用作表语或宾还可用作表语或宾语补足语语补足语so clever,really glad,strong enough,a bit boredWhile-class短语短语类型类型组成组成功能功能例子例子副词副词短语短语(副词副词)+副词副词在句中作副词用在句中作副词用,修饰动词、形容词修饰动词、形容词或副词或副词very fast,quite early,rather surprisinglyFind and mark the phrases in the sentences that fit the categories below.Then
12、 state their functuin.Noun Phrase(NP)word group with a noun as its head word(中心词)Adjective Phrase(AdjP)word group with an adjective as its head wordAdverb Phrase(AdvP)word group with an adverb as its head word1.The first week was a little confusing.NP AdjP 主语 表语1DiscoveryFind and mark the phrases in
13、 the sentences that fit the categories below.Then state their functuin.2.The building is so big that I m completely lost.3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly,and she can do well in the debate.NP 主 AdjP 表AdjP 表NP 主NP 宾补AdvP 修饰动词NP1
14、DiscoveryDiscoveryFind and mark the phrases in the sentences that fit the categories below.Then state their functuin.5.The new coach told me that I didnt play well enough.6.My first French class was very confusing.The teacher spoke so fast!NP 主AdvP 修饰动词NP 主AdjP 表AdvP 修饰动词1副词enough在修饰副词或者形容词的时候，一般放在所
15、修饰词的后面形容词/副词+enough e.g.happy enoughQuestionsAnswer the questions using phrases in brackets.1.How soon do you think youll finish your homework?(very soon)2.What do you think of your new teachers?(very nice and patient)3.How many clubs have you joined this year?(two clubs)Ill finish my homework very
16、soon.AdvP 修饰动词My new teachers are very nice and patient.AdjP 表I have joined two clubs this year.NP 宾2Answer the questions using phrases in brackets.4.How well does Rita play the violin?We need a new violinist in our music club.(quite well)5.What did your advisor say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting)Rita plays the violin quite well.AdvP 修饰动词My advisor said that the advanced literature course was too difficult but very interesting.AdjP 表2QuestionsThankyou！