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1、中考英语总复习中考英语总复习-第二篇第二篇语法专题语法专题10-10-动词时态和动词时态和语态语态专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态考点直击考点直击 【考纲解读考纲解读】考点考点课标课标要求要求命命题预测题预测动词动词的的时态时态了解了解动词动词的的8种种时态时态，重点掌握，重点掌握一般一般现现在在时时、一般、一般过过去去时时、现现在在进进行行时时、一般将来、一般将来时时、过过去去进进行行时时及及现现在完成在完成时这时这6种种时态时态的基本构成及用法。的基本构成及用法。重点考重点考查查6种种时态时态在在语语境境中的运用。中的运用。动词动词的被的被动语动语态态重点掌握被重点掌握
2、被动语态动语态的用法及主的用法及主动语态转换动语态转换成被成被动语态动语态的方法。的方法。考考查查几种常几种常见见的被的被动语态动语态的的应应用。用。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态1 1动词的时态动词的时态1 1一般一般现现在在时时(1)(1)结结构构专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 结结构构谓语动词为谓语动词为be动词动词 谓语动词为谓语动词为行行为动词为动词肯定句肯定句主主语语am/is/are其他其他主主语语动词动词原形原形/第三人称第三人称单单数形式其他数形式其他否定句否定句主主语语am/is/arenot其其他他主主语语dont/doesnt
3、动词动词原原形其他形其他一般疑一般疑问问句句Am/Is/Are主主语语其他？其他？Do/Does主主语语动词动词原形原形其他？其他？专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)用法用法表示表示经经常性、常性、习惯习惯性的性的动动作或状作或状态态，常与，常与 seldom,seldom,often,usually,always,sometimes,every dayoften,usually,always,sometimes,every day，on on SundaysSundays等等时间时间状状语连语连用。如：用。如：I go to school at seven ev
4、ery day.I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。我每天七点去上学。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示客表示客观观真理、科学事真理、科学事实实。如：。如：The earth moves around the sun.The earth moves around the sun.地球地球围绕围绕太阳太阳转转。时间时间状状语语从句和条件状从句和条件状语语从句中用一般从句中用一般现现在在时时代替一般代替一般将来将来时时。如：。如：Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free Ill
5、 go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.tomorrow.如果明天我如果明天我妈妈妈妈有空，我将和她去有空，我将和她去购购物。物。(3)(3)动词动词第三人称第三人称单单数形式的数形式的变变化化规则规则专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态种种类类 构成方法构成方法例例词词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加sworkworks；writewrites以以s,x,o,ch,sh结结尾的尾的词词加加eswashwashes；fixfixes 以以“辅辅音字母音字母y”结结尾的尾的词词变变y为为i，再加，再加escrycries
6、;studystudies 动词动词第三人称第三人称单单数形式的数形式的不不规则变规则变化需特殊化需特殊记忆记忆havehas专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例1 1】Although Bill isnt rich enough,he often Although Bill isnt rich enough,he often _ money to the poor._ money to the poor.A Awill give Bwill give Bwas givingwas givingC Cgives Dgives Dgavegave 解析解析 C C前句的
7、前句的时态时态是一般是一般现现在在时时，由，由oftenoften可知本句表可知本句表示示经经常性常性动动作，故也用一般作，故也用一般现现在在时时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2 2现现在在进进行行时时(1)(1)结结构：主构：主语语am/is/aream/is/are动词动词inging形式其他形式其他(2)(2)用法用法表示目前正在表示目前正在进进行的行的动动作，常与作，常与nownow，at the momentat the moment等等时间时间状状语连语连用。另外，当有用。另外，当有listenlisten，looklook等提示等提示词时词时，后面的，后面
8、的句子常用句子常用现现在在进进行行时时。如：。如：Listen!She is singing in the next room.Listen!She is singing in the next room.听！她正在隔壁房听！她正在隔壁房间间唱歌。唱歌。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示表示现阶现阶段正在段正在进进行，而此刻不一定在行，而此刻不一定在进进行的行的动动作。如：作。如：We are going over the lessons these days.We are going over the lessons these days.这这些日子我些日子我们们在复在
9、复习习功功课课。趋趋向向动词动词come,go,leavecome,go,leave，flyfly等用等用现现在在进进行行时时表将来。表将来。如：如：They are leaving for England tomorrow.They are leaving for England tomorrow.他他们们明天要去英国。明天要去英国。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(3)(3)动词现动词现在分在分词词的的变变化化规则规则种种类类 构成方法构成方法 例例词词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加ingplayplaying 以不以不发发音字母音字母e结结尾的尾的词词去去e加加ingm
10、akemaking 以重以重读闭读闭音音节结节结尾且末尾且末尾只有一个尾只有一个辅辅音字母的音字母的词词先双写先双写该辅该辅音字母，再音字母，再加加ingrunrunningistopstopping现现在分在分词词的不的不规则变规则变化化需特殊需特殊记忆记忆diedying专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例2 2】Mike,go and see who _ football Mike,go and see who _ football on the playground.on the playground.A Ais playing Bis playing Bpl
11、ays plays C Cplayed Dplayed Dwere playing were playing 解析解析 A A句意：句意：迈迈克，去看看克，去看看谁谁在操在操场场上踢足球。根据上踢足球。根据句意可判断踢足球句意可判断踢足球这这个个动动作正在作正在进进行。故用行。故用现现在在进进行行时时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态3 3一般将来一般将来时时(1)(1)结结构构主主语语will/shallwill/shall动词动词原形其他原形其他主主语语am/is/are going toam/is/are going to动词动词原形其他原形其他(2)(2)用法用法表
12、示将要表示将要发发生的生的动动作或状作或状态态，常与，常与soon,next timesoon,next time，tomorrowtomorrow，from now onfrom now on等等时间时间状状语连语连用。如：用。如：Fish will die without water.Fish will die without water.离开水，离开水，鱼鱼就会死。就会死。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示表示“主主观观意愿、打算意愿、打算”用用be going tobe going to；根据迹象；根据迹象进进行推行推测测也用也用be going tobe goi
13、ng to。如：。如：He is going to learn English next term.He is going to learn English next term.他打算下学期学英他打算下学期学英语语。Look at the black clouds!Its going to rain.Look at the black clouds!Its going to rain.看那些看那些乌乌云！云！马马上要下雨了。上要下雨了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例3 3】The famous reporter we talked about just The
14、famous reporter we talked about just now _ us a speech next weekend.now _ us a speech next weekend.A Agives Bgives Bgave gave C Chas given Dhas given Dwill give will give 解析解析 D D根据根据时间时间状状语语next weekendnext weekend可知用一般将来可知用一般将来时时。故故选选D D。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态4 4一般一般过过去去时时(1)(1)结结构：主构：主语语动词过动词
15、过去式其他去式其他(2)(2)用法用法表示表示过过去的某个去的某个时间发时间发生的生的动动作或存在的状作或存在的状态态。如：。如：His friend was at work yesterday.His friend was at work yesterday.昨天他的朋友在工作。昨天他的朋友在工作。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示表示过过去去经经常常发发生或反复生或反复发发生的生的动动作，常与作，常与often,often,alwaysalways等表示等表示频频度的度的时间时间状状语连语连用。如：用。如：We often went to work by bus la
16、st year.We often went to work by bus last year.去年我去年我们经们经常乘公共汽常乘公共汽车车上班。上班。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(3)(3)动词过动词过去式的去式的变变化化规则规则种种类类 构成方法构成方法 例例词词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加edwatchwatched 以不以不发发音字母音字母e结结尾的尾的词词加加dlivelived；closeclosed以以“辅辅音字母音字母y”结结尾尾的的词词变变y为为i，再加，再加edstudystudied 以重以重读闭读闭音音节结节结尾且末尾且末尾只有一个尾只有一个辅辅音
17、字母的音字母的词词先双写先双写该辅该辅音字母，再音字母，再加加edplanplanned stopstopped 动词过动词过去式的不去式的不规则变规则变化需特殊化需特殊记忆记忆keepkept 专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例4 4】We _ Susan to the costume party,We _ Susan to the costume party,so she was very happy.so she was very happy.A Ainvite Binvite Binvited invited C Cwill invite Dwill inv
18、ite Dare inviting are inviting 解析解析 B B句意：我句意：我们们邀邀请请了了SusanSusan参加化装舞会，因此她参加化装舞会，因此她很高很高兴兴。根据后句中的。根据后句中的waswas可知可知该该句用一般句用一般过过去去时时。故。故选选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态5 5现现在完成在完成时时(1)(1)结结构：主构：主语语have/hashave/has动词过动词过去分去分词词其他其他(2)(2)用法用法表示表示过过去的去的动动作作对现对现在造成的影响和在造成的影响和结结果，常与果，常与just,just,already,ye
19、t,ever,never,beforealready,yet,ever,never,before等等时间时间状状语连语连用。如：用。如：I have seen the film already.I have seen the film already.我已我已经经看看过这过这部部电电影了。影了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示从表示从过过去某一去某一时时刻开始一直持刻开始一直持续续到到现现在的在的动动作或状作或状态态，常与常与“sincesince时间时间点点”或或“for for 时间时间段段”等等时间时间状状语连语连用。如：用。如：We have planted t
20、housands of trees since 2000.We have planted thousands of trees since 2000.自从自从20002000年开始，我年开始，我们们已已经经种了成千上万棵种了成千上万棵树树了。了。He has learned English for three years.He has learned English for three years.他学英他学英语语三年了。三年了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(3)(3)一般一般过过去去时时和和现现在完成在完成时时的区的区别别一般一般过过去去时时只是只是说说明明动动作作发
21、发生在生在过过去，而去，而现现在完成在完成时时强强调调过过去的去的动动作作对现对现在的影响。如：在的影响。如：I saw the movie yesterday.I saw the movie yesterday.我昨天看了我昨天看了这这部部电电影。影。(强强调电调电影是昨天看的影是昨天看的)I have seen the movie.I have seen the movie.我看我看过这过这部部电电影。影。(强强调调已已经经看看过过了了)专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(4)(4)在在现现在完成在完成时时中，如果中，如果时间时间状状语语表示一段表示一段时间时间，要把非，
22、要把非延延续续性性动词变为动词变为延延续续性性动词动词。如：。如：I have had the book for two days.I have had the book for two days.这这本本书书我我买买了两天了两天了。了。(用用hadhad而不用而不用bought)bought)He has been in Beijing for two weeks.He has been in Beijing for two weeks.他来北京两周他来北京两周了。了。(用用been inbeen in而不用而不用come to)come to)专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态
23、和语态常常见见的非延的非延续续性性动词动词与延与延续续性性动词动词的的转转化如下表：化如下表：have arrived/comehave been inhave lefthave been awayhave closed/openhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave marriedhave been marriedhave begunhave been onhave boughthave hadhave borrowedhave kepthave joined/taken part inhave been a member of专题专
24、题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例5 5】They say theres a supermarket nearby.They say theres a supermarket nearby.Yes,and it _ for no more than two weeks.Yes,and it _ for no more than two weeks.A Ahas been open Bhas been open Bopens opens C Cis opening Dis opening Dopened opened 解析解析 A A句意：句意：“他他们说们说附近有一个超市
25、。附近有一个超市。”“”“是的，它是的，它刚刚开了不到两周。开了不到两周。”“”“forfor时间时间段段”与与现现在完成在完成时连时连用。用。openopen是瞬是瞬间动词间动词，用，用be openbe open替替换换，故，故选选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态6 6过过去去进进行行时时(1)(1)结结构：主构：主语语was/werewas/were动词动词inging形式其他形式其他(2)(2)用法用法表示表示过过去某一去某一时间时间点或某一段点或某一段时间时间正在正在进进行的行的动动作，常与作，常与 when,while,from 9 to 11,at t
26、hat timewhen,while,from 9 to 11,at that time等等时间时间状状语连语连用。用。如：如：专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作昨天上午我一直在做作业业。What was your father doing while your mother was What was your father doing while your
27、mother was cooking?cooking?你你妈妈妈妈做做饭时饭时，你爸爸在干什么？，你爸爸在干什么？专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例6 6】What was your father doing when we were What was your father doing when we were at the cinema yesterday evening?at the cinema yesterday evening?He _ my bicycle at home at that time.He _ my bicycle at home at
28、that time.A Afixes up Bfixes up Bfixed up fixed up C Cwould fix up Dwould fix up Dwas fixing up was fixing up 解析解析 D D答答语语句意：他那句意：他那时时在家里修理我的自行在家里修理我的自行车车。at at that timethat time常与常与过过去去进进行行时连时连用。故用。故选选D D。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2 2动词的被动语态动词的被动语态 1 1构成构成(1)(1)一般一般现现在在时时：主主语语am/is/aream/is/are过过去
29、分去分词词其他其他如：如：English is widely used in the world.English is widely used in the world.英英语语在世界上被广泛使用。在世界上被广泛使用。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)一般一般过过去去时时：主：主语语was/werewas/were过过去分去分词词其他如：其他如：The cake was made by my mother.The cake was made by my mother.这这个蛋糕是我个蛋糕是我妈妈妈妈做的。做的。(3)(3)一般将来一般将来时时：主：主语语 will
30、 be/is(are)going to bewill be/is(are)going to be过过去分去分词词其他如：其他如：A new school will be built next year.A new school will be built next year.明年将有一所新的学校被建立。明年将有一所新的学校被建立。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(4)(4)现现在完成在完成时时：主：主语语 have/has beenhave/has been过过去分去分词词其他其他如：如：His key hasnt been found yet.His key hasnt
31、been found yet.他的他的钥钥匙匙还还没有被找到。没有被找到。(5)(5)含情含情态动词态动词的被的被动语态动语态：主：主语语情情态动词态动词bebe过过去分去分词词其他如：其他如：It must be done now.It must be done now.这这件事必件事必须现须现在就做。在就做。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2 2用法用法(1)(1)不知道不知道动动作的作的执执行者或没必要行者或没必要说说明明动动作的作的执执行者行者时时，用，用被被动语态动语态。(2)(2)强强调动调动作的承受者作的承受者时时，用被，用被动语态动语态。3 3不能用于被不能
32、用于被动语态动语态的的动词动词及短及短语语：(1)(1)不及物不及物动词动词及短及短语语，如，如happenhappen，take placetake place等。如：等。如：An accident happened last night.An accident happened last night.昨晚昨晚发发生了一起事故。生了一起事故。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)表示所属关系的表示所属关系的动词动词及短及短语语。如：。如：The car belongs to Mr.Wang.The car belongs to Mr.Wang.那那辆车辆车属于王先生
33、。属于王先生。(3)(3)连连系系动词动词，如，如 feelfeel，sound,taste,smell sound,taste,smell 等。如：等。如：That sounds like a good idea.That sounds like a good idea.那听起来是个好主意。那听起来是个好主意。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例7 7】Whats the matter with Mary?Whats the matter with Mary?She _ by a car and sent to hospital.She _ by a car and
34、 sent to hospital.A Ahit Bhit Bwas hit was hit C Chad hit Dhad hit Dwould hit would hit 解析解析 B B答答语语句意：她被一句意：她被一辆辆小汽小汽车车撞了，被送撞了，被送进进了医了医院。院。强强调动调动作的承受者用被作的承受者用被动语态动语态。故。故选选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例8 8】Can you sing this English song?Can you sing this English song?Of course,I can.It _ many t
35、imes on the Of course,I can.It _ many times on the radio.radio.A Ataught Btaught Bhas taught has taught C Cis taught Dis taught Dhas been taught has been taught 解析解析 D Dit it 和和teachteach之之间间是被是被动动关系，故用被关系，故用被动语态动语态，排除排除A A、B B。又因。又因为为many timesmany times常与常与现现在完成在完成时连时连用，排除用，排除C C。故。故选选D D。专题专题10 1
36、0 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态考点过关考点过关()1.)1.20142014安徽安徽Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou.Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou.He _ a speech there in two days.He _ a speech there in two days.A Agives Bgives BgavegaveC Cwill give Dwill give Dhas givenhas givenC C根据根据时间时间状状语语“in two days(in two days(在两天后在两天后)”)”可知用一般将来可知
37、用一般将来时时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()2.)2.20142014安徽安徽As we all know,the Silk Road As we all know,the Silk Road _ China to the west in ancient times._ China to the west in ancient times.A Aconnects Bconnects BconnectedconnectedC Cwill connect Dwill connect Dis connectingis connectingB B句意：在古代，句意：在古代，
38、丝绸丝绸之路把中国与西方之路把中国与西方连连接了起来。根据接了起来。根据in ancient timesin ancient times可知用一般可知用一般过过去去时时。故。故选选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()3.)3.20132013安徽安徽I cant find David.Where is I cant find David.Where is he?he?He _ for tomorrows competitions at home.He _ for tomorrows competitions at home.A Aprepares Bprepares
39、 Bis preparingis preparingC Chas prepared Dhas prepared Dprepared prepared B B根据答根据答语语句意句意“他正在家里准他正在家里准备备明天的明天的竞赛竞赛”可知用可知用现现在在进进行行时时。故。故选选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()4.)4.20132013安徽安徽Thanks to the Internet,different Thanks to the Internet,different kinds of information _in a short time.kinds of
40、information _in a short time.A Acan be learned Bcan be learned Bhas been learnedhas been learnedC Ccan learn Dcan learn Dhas learnedhas learnedA A主主语语是是informationinformation，是，是动动作的承受者，故用被作的承受者，故用被动语态动语态，根，根据句意可知据句意可知选选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()5.)5.20142014合肥包河区二模合肥包河区二模Remember the first Re
41、member the first time we met?time we met?Sure.You _ at the gate of our school.Sure.You _ at the gate of our school.A Astand Bstand Bhave stoodhave stoodC Cwere standing Dwere standing DstoodstoodC C根据句意可知第一根据句意可知第一见见面的那个面的那个时时刻刻“你你”正站在大正站在大门门口，故口，故用用过过去去进进行行时时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()6.)6.201420
42、14合肥包河区合肥包河区模模Give me a call as Give me a call as soon as you _ in Hainan.soon as you _ in Hainan.OK,I will.OK,I will.A Aarrive Barrive Bhave arrivedhave arrivedC Cwill arrive Dwill arrive DarrivedarrivedA Aas soon asas soon as引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句中用一般从句中用一般现现在在时时表示将来。表示将来。故故选选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态
43、和语态()7.)7.20142014六安裕安区一模六安裕安区一模Is Mrs.Green going Is Mrs.Green going to attend the meeting tomorrow?to attend the meeting tomorrow?Yes,and she _ to give a speech on how to Yes,and she _ to give a speech on how to protect the environment.protect the environment.A Ahas asked Bhas asked Bwas asked was
44、 asked C Cis asking Dis asking Dwill ask will ask B B专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()8.)8.20142014安安庆庆一模一模How clean Anqing city is!How clean Anqing city is!Yeah.Our city _ a lot in the past few Yeah.Our city _ a lot in the past few years.years.A Ahas changed Bhas changed Bchanged changed C Cchanges Dcha
45、nges Dwill change will change A Ain the past few yearsin the past few years常与常与现现在完成在完成时连时连用。故用。故选选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()9.)9.20142014安安庆庆一模一模Its said that Change Four Its said that Change Four _ into space next year._ into space next year.Great.It shows our country is becoming stronger Gr
46、eat.It shows our country is becoming stronger and stronger.and stronger.A Awill be sent up Bwill be sent up Bis sent up is sent up C Cwill send up Dwill send up Dsent up sent up A A强强调动调动作的承受者用被作的承受者用被动语态动语态。根据。根据时间时间状状语语next yearnext year可可知用一般将来知用一般将来时时的被的被动语态动语态。故。故选选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语
47、态()10.)10.20142014阜阳九中中考模阜阳九中中考模拟拟Do you love Do you love reading Guo Jinmings novels?reading Guo Jinmings novels?Of course I do,but I _ them for a long Of course I do,but I _ them for a long time because Im always busy.time because Im always busy.A Adidnt read Bdidnt read Bhavent read havent read C
48、 Chadnt read Dhadnt read Ddont read dont read B B专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()1.)1.20142014赤峰赤峰The storybook is very The storybook is very interesting.interesting.I agree with you.I _ it twice already.I agree with you.I _ it twice already.A Aread Bread Bwill readwill readC Cam reading Dam reading Dha
49、ve readhave read语语法法专练专练D D专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()2.)2.20142014安安顺顺Why are you in such a hurry,Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?Mike?There _an NBA basketball game in ten There _an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.minutes.A Awill have Bwill have Bwill bewill beC Cis going to have Dis going to
50、have Dare going to beare going to beB Bin ten minutesin ten minutes与一般将来与一般将来时连时连用，用，there bethere be句型的一般句型的一般将来将来时为时为there will be/there is(are)going to bethere will be/there is(are)going to be。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态()3.I cant understand what the book is about)3.I cant understand what the book