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1、第二节 商务信函的文体特点及其翻译1 商务信函的文体特点 11 词汇使用特点 111 用词规范正式 112 表意准确、专业性强 113 用语朴素、淡于修饰 12 语法使用特点 121 句子类型 122 句式结构 （1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主 （2）常用并列结构 （3）状语位置独特 123 虚拟语气的运用2 商务信函的翻译要点 21 商务英语信函翻译的原则 22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项1 商务信函的文体特点11 词汇使用特点111 用词规范正式 （1）商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇，如以inform或advise代替tell，以duplicate代
2、替copy，以dispatch代替send，以otherwise代替or；以介词短语代替简单的介词，如以as for，in respect to，in connection with和with regarding to等代替about等。例如：We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.我们很高兴地通知你们：第105号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。111 用词规范正式We will meet you half way by o
3、ffering a discount of 5%in view of our long pleasant relations.鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予5%的折扣。（2）商务信函中还经常使用here/there+介词构成的复合词，如hereafter，hereby，hereunder，hereto，hereinafter，herewith，thereafter，therein，therefrom等。例如：All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse
4、 side hereof.所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。In such a case,Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。112 表意准确、专业性强商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。（1）专业术语类：Trimming charges 平仓费 insurance policy 保险单 coverage 保险项目 establish
5、ment 开证 counter-suggestion 反还盘 surcharges附加费 pro forma invoice形式发票 premium保险费 clearance sale清仓削价销售 underwriter 保险人 L/C 信用证 CIF 到岸价格 FOB离岸价格 bid 递盘 C.B.D.付现提货 counter-offer还盘 irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用证112 表意准确、专业性强例如：We shall cover TPND on your order.我们将为你方的货物投保盗窃和提货不着险。It would be apprecia
6、ted if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on FOB London.请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。（2）外来词类：拉丁语的status quo（现状），意大利语的del credere（保付货价的），汉语中的litchi（荔枝），tungoil（桐油），mango（芒果）等。（3）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。Offer,quotation表示“报价，发盘”Pam
7、phlet,brochure,booklet,sales literature 表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“说明材料”Shipment和consignment 表示“所发出的货物”Financial standing/reputation/condition/position用于表示公司的“资信财务情况”Fulfill/complete/execute an order用于表示“执行订单”A draft contract或a specimen contract 表示“合同样本”112 表意准确、专业性强（4）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务 信函中的时间，价格，数量，金
8、额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。例如：The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。The market here for this product is active,and the best price we can offer is US$150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。113 用语朴素、淡于修饰商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易
9、，因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。例如：Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of November 15,we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information.We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.Yours truly,敬启者：承蒙贵方对我
10、们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。兹复贵方11月15日询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不泄 我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。敬上12 语法使用特点121 句子类型 英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类：陈述句（Declarative Sentences）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）（1）商务信函主要使用陈述句。例如：Dear Sirs,We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we or
11、dered on 20th,July.The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was,however,160 whereas our order was for only 120.Unfortunately,our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order,we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you unti
12、l we receive your instructions.Yours Truly,121 句子类型 敬启者：收到我方7月20日订购的咖啡，并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上午交来160袋，而我们只订购120袋。遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你方多交的40袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等候你方指示。敬上 （2）祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比 陈述句更有礼貌。Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further d
13、elay.请立即调查此事，并尽快电告确切答复。（3）疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue?能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？（4）感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。122 句式结构从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型：简单句（Simple Sentences），并列句（Compound Sentences），复合句（Complex Sentences）
14、,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。（1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。复杂句 The Credit could cover 85%of the local expenses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract,i.e.,15%as a maximum.此项贷款可支付当地
15、费用的85%。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的，并必须在合同付款的幅度以内，即最高不得超过合同金额的15%。该句是主从复合句，由从属连词if引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件，使主句的行为范围受到严格限制，从而使全句逻辑严密。复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。122 句式结构（2）常用并列结构用and连接并列结构，使表达更精确。Eg：This contract is made by and between the two parties.双方签定本合同。用o
16、r引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨全面。Eg：Any dispute arising from the execution of,or in connection with the agreement,shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协商解决。函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有：amendments to/or alterations of 修改 force and effect 效力 fulfill and provide履行
17、furnish and provide 提供 obligations and responsibilities 义务 make and enter into达成122 句式结构（3）状语位置独特商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。Eg：The Contractor shall,if called upon so to do,enter into and execute the Contract,to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer,in the form annexed to th
18、ese conditions with such modification as may be necessary.在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签订并履行合同，该合同是由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟定，如有必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。商务函电的状语从句中，if，when，in case等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。Eg：If,after 30 days from the commencement of such informal consultations,the parties fail to resolve amicably a con
19、tract dispute,either party hereto may require that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution.在非正式协商开始30天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。123 虚拟语气的运用 英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood），祈使语气（the Imperative Mood），虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）。虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有should，would，c
20、ould，might加动词原形构成。Dear Mr.Smith,Thanks for your promptness in sending us the credit information we requested.We are glad to report that all of your credit references spoke favorably of you as a businessman.The new store which you are opening in Broadway should eventually prosper,since yours is a thr
21、iving community.But its location within 20 miles of New York forces you to compete with the larger stocks and lower prices of the metropolitan department stores,so readily accessible to commute from Broadway and similar communications.Because your resources do not indicate that you can meet such com
22、petition by staring with a large indebtedness,we must refuse your credit application.123 虚拟语气的运用 We could suggest,therefore,that you cut your order to half and pay cash for it.This will entitle you to our 2 percent cash discount,a saving which you may pass on to your customers.By ordering frequently
23、 in small quantities,you can best meet the competition of the New York stores through keeping up-to-date on a sound basis that will entitle you to an excellent credit reputation.The enclosed duplicate of your order will assist you in making your selection.Just check the items you wish and sign the o
24、rder.Your merchandise will arrive C.O.D.within two days after our receipt of the order in plenty of time for your opening sale.Sincerely yours,这封资信调查回复函使用了should,can(),must,would,will(),may()六个情态动词，准确表达了写信人的预测、能力、允诺等语气和态度，也表现出写信人的礼貌。其中共使用了11次情态动词，如此高的使用频率，说明情态动词在准确传达语气和写信人意图方面具有很重要的作用。2 商务信函的翻译要点 21
25、 商务英语信函翻译的原则 22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项21 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等 准确不仅指用词用句和语言结构上的准确，还包括对信函内容的准确把握；规范指译文必须符合本行业的专业规范（1）要准确理解各种术语、外来词汇、套语和习惯表达的专业含义和固定译 法，尽量保留原文风格，译成符合汉语商务语言规范的术语或套语。The duplicate shipping documentsshipping documents including bill of bill of loadingloading,invoiceinvoice,packing list packing list
26、 and inspection inspection certificationcertification were airmailed to you today.包括提单、发票、装相单和检验证书在内的装运单证副本今日已航邮贵处。Please be informed that Please be informed that,on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotation is subject to change without previous is subject to change without prev
27、ious noticenotice.兹告知贵方，兹告知贵方，由于外汇的波动，报价随时可能改变，不另行通知。Full information as to prices,quality,quantity available and other relative particulars would would be appreciatedbe appreciated.请详告价格、质量、可供数量和其他有关情况。We are looking forward toWe are looking forward to a favorable reply.静候贵方佳音。Would you let us know
28、 Would you let us know your terms of payment?能否告知贵方付款条件？We should be grateful/pleasedWe should be grateful/pleased if you would give us further details of Chinese leather shoes.如能告知中国皮鞋的详情，将不胜感激。Please inform us Please inform us how soon you can make delivery.请告知何时能交货。21 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等（2）了解词汇的
29、特定含义Discharge Discharge 可做名词或动词，一般为可做名词或动词，一般为“卸货卸货”，但要分场合。，但要分场合。Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.董事会任命的总经理，负责履行履行合资公司的日常职权。Party A agrees that the expiration of this license shall not discharge party B from
30、its obligation.甲方同意在许可证到期时并不免除免除乙方应尽的义务。Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,has been appointed as liquidator to wind up the business and will discharge all the firms liabilities and receive all payments due to it.注册会计师史密斯先生已被任命为本公司结束业务的清算人，他将代理本公司清偿清偿一切债务并收取一切应收的欠款。Party B shall check the quality of each
31、discharge in accordance with the contract.乙方应按合同规定检查发出的每批货物的质量。21 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等CommissionCommission 做名词，但有两个意思，做名词，但有两个意思，“佣金佣金”或或“委员会委员会”Please let us have your quotation in USD on the basis of CIF Port Shanghai including our 5%commission.请用美元报上海港到岸价，包括我方5%的佣金佣金。The decision made by the Arbi
32、tration Commission shall be regarded as final and binding on both parties.仲裁委员会委员会所作的决定应视为终局决定，对双方都有约束力。（3）要正确理解原文结构，理清全文的句法结构和逻辑关系。The goods we received contrary to our instructions are packed in wooden cases without iron hoops.收到的货物是包装在没有铁箍的木箱里，而这种包装和我们的指示不符。22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项（1）商务信函大都以传递信息的功能为主，较少运
33、用修辞手段，一般不存在语言与文化的差异，在翻译时无须作太多变动，多数情况下可按原句结构直译。I have pleasure in apprising you that,under the auspices of several highly respected and influential houses here,I have commenced business as a shipping and assurance broker and general agent.我十分高兴地通知您，在本地几家有名望、有影响力的公司的支持下，我做起了运输与保险经纪以及总代理的生意。22 商务英语信函翻译
34、的注意事项（2）由于商务英语信函重在纪实，因此要求译文不求虚饰但求简洁、严谨、准确。确保术语、缩略语、具有商务术语性质的词语以及商务套语翻译的规范性和准确性，就要采用对应的汉语术语翻译原文中的商贸术语。原文中的一般性叙述，在翻译时应当采用简明、易懂的汉语加以传译，保留原文的简洁流畅与易懂性。此外，还须确保事实细节（如日期、数量、金额等）等的准确翻译，不得疏漏。The market here for this product is active,and the best price we can offer is US$150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。If you can accept$275 and send us a pro forma invoice,we will open a letter of credit for 1,000 sets.如果贵方能够接受275美元的价格并寄送形式发票，我方即开立1，000套的信用证。