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1、动词动词inging的用法总结的用法总结现在分词与动名词的基本现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？形式你知道吗？那么简单，谁不知道。是由动那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此形式构成，因此又叫动词的又叫动词的-ing 形式形式。V+-ingThe ing form构成：1.一般情况 rain-2.以e结尾的动词 hope-3.重读闭音节的动词 stop-4.以ie结尾的动词 die-lie-tie-raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数
2、的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是_中的一种，中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的任之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示_（主动（主动/被动的被动的动作。在时间上，动词动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示一般表示_（正在进行（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。已经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物
3、物动动 词词形式主主 动动被被 动动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having donehaving been done一般式与完成式的时间意义 1.Looking carefully at the ground,I made my way to the edge of the crater.2.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I didnt take much notice.ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前词之前 ing形式的一般式所表示的
4、时间与谓语动形式的一般式所表示的时间与谓语动词无明显的先后顺序词无明显的先后顺序作主语：动名词作主语：动名词Teaching is my full-time job.Writing an English composition is not easy.Its useless taking this kind of medicine.v归纳：常用归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：vIt+be+a waste of time doing v做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的vIt is/was no good/use doing v做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的vIt is/wa
5、s hardly/scarcely worth doing v做做不值得不值得vIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing v做做是值得的是值得的vThere is no doing v无法无法，不允许不允许vThere is no sense in doing v做、没有道理做、没有道理vThere is/was no use doing v干、无意义干、无意义 vThere is/was nothing worse than doing v没有比、更糟的没有比、更糟的vThere is/was no point doing v干、无意义干、无意义v我们不知道要去哪儿。
6、我们不知道要去哪儿。vThere was no knowing where we would go.v做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。vThere is no point doing such a silly thing.和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。这事值得去做。Its worth making the effort若要人不知，除非己莫为。若要人不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩
7、笑。这种事开不得玩笑。Here is no joking about such matter.作表语作表语（1 1）动名词）动名词My job is teaching.=Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2 2）现在分词）现在分词The play is exciting.Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting.Interesting was the story he to
8、ld us.作宾语作宾语1.1.只接动名词的动词：只接动名词的动词：避免错过少延期避免错过少延期 avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成多练习建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/practice喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/imagine/cant help承认否定与嫉妒承认否定与嫉妒 admit/deny/envy逃避冒险莫宽恕逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/risk/forgive/excuse忍受保持不介意忍受保持不介意 stand/keep/mind允许感激和考虑允许感激和考虑 allow/permit/appre
9、ciate/consider明白鼓励要禁止明白鼓励要禁止 understand/encourage/forbid2.2.意义一致意义一致Like/hate/begin/start/love/continue/preferLike to do 具体的将来的一次的具体的将来的一次的Like doing 习惯性经常性的习惯性经常性的I like playing football.I like to play football this afternoon.3.3.意义不一致意义不一致A.remember/forget/regret I forgot to post your letter.未做未做
10、I forgot posting your letter.做了做了B.mean/tryMean to do 打算打算 mean doing 意味着意味着Try to do 努力努力 try doing 试着试着C.stop/go on stop to do 另一件另一件 stop doing 同一件同一件D.need/want/requireThe flowers need watering.Doing 用主动用主动The flowers need to be watered.to be done用被动用被动接动名词作宾语的接动名词作宾语的词组有：词组有：admit to preferto b
11、e used to lead to devote oneself to stick to look forward to(to为介词）no good,no use,Its worth,as well as,cant help,Its no use/good be tired of be fond of be afraid of be proud of hold off put off keep on insist on set about be successful in good at take up give up prevent from think of/about作宾语补足语：现在分
12、词作宾语补足语：现在分词I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：以将它们记住：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、
13、notice、feel。“三让、三看、两听、注意三让、三看、两听、注意感觉感觉”。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine.作定语作定语作定语作定语现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。词之后。a developing country
14、 a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.China is a developing country.作作 状状 语语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。果、伴随（方式）等。Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out.（时间）（时间）Being ill,he went home.（原因）（原因）European football
15、is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98)（结果）（结果）He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随伴随）Seeing from the hill,you can get the whole town.(条件）条件）Looking carefully at the ground,I made my way to the edge of the crater.Having experienced quite a few earthqua
16、kes in Hawaii already,I didnt take much notice.The ing form used as an adverbial.Having+past participle(the perfect-ingform)to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.观察下列观察下列2个句子个句子,体会体会having done与与doing的不同的用法的不同的用法(1)Having written the letter,John went to the pos
17、t office.(2)Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.v总结总结:V-ingdoinghaving done 表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动作表动作同时发生同时发生一般式一般式完成式完成式1.分词分词(短语短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother
18、,youllfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析分析:前两例中前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中最后一例中havinggone的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是thetrain。其基本结构是其基本结构是:not+-ing形式形式,无论在完成式还是无论在完成式还是被动式里被动式里,not必须置于必须置于-ing形式之前。如形式之前。如:No
19、thavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasstilldoingitintheclassroom.2.-ing形式的否定式。形式的否定式。根据这个性质根据这个性质,我们在使用我们在使用-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,切记不要在切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyoullfeelverycomfortable.()3.-ing形式形式(短语短语)的功能有时相当于一个的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。状语从句。分析分析:如前所述如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一
20、个状语从句形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后所以后半句中的连词半句中的连词so的使用是错误的的使用是错误的,应该去掉。应该去掉。原句应改为原句应改为:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,youllfeelverycomfortable.1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_（hear）.2.On afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,_(buy)some bananas and visited her cousin.3.Not _(receive)a reply,he decided to write again.(METhe end结束结束