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1、大学英语语法 课件-_名词性从句How should we use modern technology?The problem is Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.When will man be able to live on Mars?.is unknown to us all.WhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.Where will all these advanced technology lead us?I cant imagine.Icantimaginewhereall
2、theseadvancedtechnologywillleadus.n引导名词性从句的连接词：引导名词性从句的连接词：nthat（无意义，不可省，不充当任何（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）成分）nwhether,if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从表明从句内容的不确定性）句内容的不确定性）nas if,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”）n以上在从句中均不充当任何成分以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 n连接代词连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever n连接副词连接副词：whe
3、n,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分从句中充当从句的成分 n不可省略的连词：不可省略的连词：n1.介词后的连词介词后的连词 n2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。词不可省略。nThat she was chosen made us very happy.nWe heard the news that our team had won.1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主
4、语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1)Thattheearthisroundistrue.2)Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.3)Whathesaidsurprisedmemost.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthetwins willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whentheyllstarttheproject hasnotbeendecidedyet.It的用法：的用法：
5、（形式主语）（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚Itsaid/reportedthat据说据说/据报道据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧显然、明显、碰巧Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）（俗话说）1.What
6、youleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引引导导主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后作表语的名词一致）常与其后作表语的名词一致 2）根据句子的语境）根据句子的语境而定而定1._ he made an important
7、speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A
8、.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数形式形式.Thattheywillcome_certain.2.What引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复
9、数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定表语的单复数决定.Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.注意注意isareis2.2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）that,whether，if （that 常可省略常可省略）连词：连词：who,what,which,whoever,whatever when,where,why ,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegold
10、ring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.1.当当主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是一一般般现现在在时时或或一一般般将将来来时时，宾宾语语从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词可可以以用用所所需需要要的的任任何何一一种种时时态态。2.当当主主句句的的谓谓语语
11、动动词词是是一一般般过过去去时时，宾宾语语从从句句的的谓谓语语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.travels will be goes were playing have returned had been 1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go
12、)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移”若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句有否定意义，
13、一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语用肯定式。例如：Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已经完成了工作已经完成了工作)时态呼应时态呼应否定转移否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()hadfinished wrote has taken had been 6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.Ling
14、Fengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Exercises:
15、“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC3.3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一
16、般放在连表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引不引 导表语从句导表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/because Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Tomorr
17、owiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样1.问题是我们和他已失去联系问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_Thisis_.Itlooks_.thatwehavelostto
18、uchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“If”2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省不能省3.Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/whythat .1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunab
19、letooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when4 4 同同位位语语从从句句：从从句句在在句句中中充充当当同同位位语语成成分分，一一般般跟跟在在一一些些抽抽象象名名词词（idea；belief；fact；truth；rumour；news 等等）后后 面面，对对 名名 词词 作作 进进 一一 步步 解解 释释 说说 明明.同
20、位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that/whether引导或连接副词引导或连接副词when/where/why/how 1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)W o r dcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.Ihavenoidea whenhewillgetmarrie
21、d.howtheycangetthetreasure.wheretheconcertwillbeheld.whoisfitforthework.whyithappened.whichpenismine.whatweshoulddonext.whomtheyaretalkingabout.whetheritllraintomorrow.thatourfootballteamwonthegame.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed同位语从句和
22、定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1.同同位位语语从从句句that 只只起起连连接接作作用用，不不作作任任何何成成分分 定定语语从从句句 that 是是关关系系代代词词，起起连连接接作作用用和和充充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语2.同同位位语语从从句句同同位位语语从从句句和和前前面面的的名名词词是是同同位位关关 系，对名词进行补充说明系，对名词进行补充说明 定定语语从从句句 定定从从和和前前面面的的名名词词是是所所属属关关系系，对对 名词进行修饰，加以限定名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾
23、语时，可以省1.Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.1)What is the idea?1)What is the idea?The idea is that computers will The idea is that computers will recognize recognize human voices.voices.2)What surprises many people?2)What surprises many people?i)The idea surprises many pe
24、ople.i)The idea surprises many people.ii)That computers will recognize human ii)That computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.voices surprises many people.2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.1)What is the possibility?1)What is the possibili
25、ty?The possibility is that the majorityThe possibility is that the majorityof the labor force will work at home.of the labor force will work at home.2)What is often discussed?2)What is often discussed?i)The possibility is often discussed.i)The possibility is often discussed.ii)That the majority of t
26、he labor force ii)That the majority of the labor force will work will work at home is often discussed.at home is often discussed.3.Welldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.1)What is the problem?1)What is the problem?The problem is that the majority of theThe problem is
27、that the majority of thestudents are often late for school.students are often late for school.2)What will we discuss?2)What will we discuss?Well discuss the problem.Well discuss the problem.Well discuss that the majority of theWell discuss that the majority of thestudents are often late for school.s
28、tudents are often late for school.that与与whether/if的选择：的选择：(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoo
29、n?whether/ifwhether/ifthatthatthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_归纳归纳whether/ifthatwhat&whatever who&whoever which&whichever 引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2._we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished
30、.WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不不含有疑问意义含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而而n_等引导的名词性从句都等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho,what 1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.that:what:_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中
31、不充当任何成分，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳that，what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别BABExercises1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldnotunderstandwas_fewerandfewerst
32、udentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintou
33、niversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which A7.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhat
34、everIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA9._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesug
35、gestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.
36、whateverD.whenever15.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.A.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe16.manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That17.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever1.Can
37、you make sure _ the gold rings?A.where she had put B.where had she put C.where she has put D.where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up.A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what3._ breaks the law should be punished.A.Whoever B.No matter who C.anyone.D.who 4.That is _
38、I had to take the risk of being washed away.A.why B.reason why C.how D.what5.Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.A.what;however B.that;whatever C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.A.whether B.how C.where D
39、.which 7 7.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether8.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how9.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fac
40、t that10.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.A.which B.whether C.how D.why11.It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 12._ should be sent to work there?A.Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that should C.Do you suggest who
41、should D.Do you suggest whom should13.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.A.which B.when C.that D.how 14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.A.
42、which B.what C.when D.that 16.She received the message _ he would come by plane.A.that B.which C.what D.when17.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that18.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A.what it used to be B.that it used to b
43、e C.which it used to be D.what was it19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.A.how you get;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get;what you give D.what d
44、o you get;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save th
45、em.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.A.AnyoneB.Anyone whoC.Those whoD.ThoseExercises.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(sh
46、ould)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.表示表示建议建议,请求请求,命令命令,要求要求,坚持坚持等的名词性从句中等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气.归纳归纳2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇,不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理应如此理应如此等等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that 2)It is a p
47、ity(a shame,no wonder etc,)that e.g.It is strange that she(should)think so.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.
48、2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)拓展拓展1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;beca
49、useConsolidation:4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcome
50、soonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak9.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebu