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1、Angiology 脉管系统脉管系统Composition nCardiovascular system心血管系统心血管系统 nLymphatic system 淋巴系统淋巴系统The cardiovascular systemOrganization nHeart 心心qA muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood,qConsist of four chambers(right and left atria,right and left ventricles)nArtery 动脉动脉 a.carry blood away from the heart
2、 nVeins 静脉静脉 v.carry blood back to the heartnCapillary 毛细血管毛细血管microscopic vessels,the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid Blood circulationnSystemic circulation 体循环体循环 left ventricleaorta and its branchescapillaries of bodysuperior and inferior vena cavaright atriumnPulmonary circulatio
3、n 肺循环肺循环right ventriclepulmonary a.capillaries of lungpulmonary v.right atrium Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合血管吻合nAnastomosis between a.nAnastomosis between v.nArteriolovenular anastomosis 动静脉吻合nCollateral vessels侧副管 nCirculation侧支循环Rectal venous plexusThe ArteriesCharacteristicsnSymmetry 对称nIn the trunk
4、 of the body consist parietal and visceral branches 壁支和脏支nShortest possible courseqRun on flexor surfacesqUsually do not pass directly through muscles,avoiding compressionnTogether with the veins and nerves in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle 血管神经束Arteries of pulmonary circulation 肺循环
5、的动脉Pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干肺动脉干nArises from right ventricle nRuns up,back,and to the leftnBifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries,one for each lung Arteries of systemic circulation 体循环的动脉体循环的动脉Aorta 主动脉主动脉nAscending aorta 升主动脉升主动脉nAortic arch 主动脉弓主动脉弓qBrachiocephalic tr
6、unk 头臂干头臂干nright common carotid a.右颈总动脉右颈总动脉nright subclavian a.右锁骨下动脉右锁骨下动脉qLeft common carotid a.左颈总动脉左颈总动脉qLeft subclavian a.左锁骨下动脉左锁骨下动脉nDescending aorta 降主动脉降主动脉qThoracic aorta 胸主动脉胸主动脉qAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉腹主动脉Arteries of head and necknCommon carotid a.颈总动脉颈总动脉qExternal carotid a.颈外动脉颈外动脉qInter
7、nal carotid a.颈内动脉颈内动脉nSubclavian a.锁骨下动脉锁骨下动脉 Arteries of upper limbnAxillary a.腋动脉腋动脉nBrachial a.肱动脉肱动脉nRadial a.桡动脉桡动脉nUlnar a.尺动脉尺动脉nSuperficial palmar arch 掌浅弓掌浅弓ndeep palmar arc 掌深弓掌深弓Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉胸主动脉nParietal branches 壁支qNine pairs posterior intercostals arteries 肋间后动脉肋间后动脉qOne pair su
8、bcostal 肋下动脉肋下动脉nVisceral branches 脏支Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉腹主动脉Visceral branches 脏支脏支nPaired branchesqMiddle suprarenal artery 肾上腺中动脉肾上腺中动脉qRenal artery 肾动脉肾动脉qTesticular(ovarian)artery 睾丸（卵巢）动脉睾丸（卵巢）动脉nUnpaired branchesqCeliac trunk 腹腔干腹腔干qSuperior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉肠系膜上动脉qInferior mesenteric a.肠系膜下
9、动脉肠系膜下动脉Parietal branchesArteries of pelvisnCommon iliac a.髂总动脉髂总动脉qInternal iliac a.髂内动脉髂内动脉qExternal iliac a.髂外动脉髂外动脉Arteries of lower limbnFemoral a.股动脉股动脉nPopliteal a.腘动脉腘动脉nPosterior tibial a.胫后动脉胫后动脉nAnterior tibial a.胫前动脉胫前动脉n dorsal a.of foot 足背动脉足背动脉The Veins 静脉静脉General featurenThin walls,
10、larger lumens,venous valves,venous plexus,venous retenTwo setsq Superficial veinq Deep veinsnSpecial structures:qsinuses of dura mater 硬硬脑膜窦脑膜窦qdiploic veins 板障静脉板障静脉Venous valveDiploic veinsSinuses of dura materSuperior vena cava and its tributariesVeins of head and necknInternal jugular veinnExter
11、nal jugular veinnBrachiocephalic vein:venous angleVeins of upper limbnDeep vein:have the same names as their companion arteriesnSuperficial veins:qcephalic v.头静脉头静脉qbasilica v.贵要静脉贵要静脉qmedian cubital v.肘肘正中静脉正中静脉Veins of thoraxnSuperior vena cava 上腔静脉nAzygos v.奇静脉n Hemiazygos v.半奇静脉naccessory hemiaz
12、ygos v.副半奇静脉n Veins of vertebral column 椎静脉丛Inferior vena cava systemn Veins of lower limbnDeep vein:have the same names as their companion arteriesnSuperficial veins:qgreat saphenous v.大隐静脉q small saphenous 小隐静脉Veins of pelvisnInternal iliac v.髂内静脉nExternal iliac v.髂外静脉nCommon iliac v.髂总静脉n Inferio
13、r vena cava and its tributariesn Hepatic portal v.The Lymphatic SystemHeart Artery Capillaries Vein Cell Tissue fluidLymphatic capillaryLymphatic vesselLymphatic nodeLymphatic trunkLymphatic ductCompositionnLymphatic vesselqLymphatic capillaryqLymphatic vessels:two sets,superficial and deepqLymphatic trunks:nine qLymphatic ducts:thoracic duct,right lymphatic ducknLymphatic organqLymphatic nodesqTonsil,spleen,thymusn Lymphatic tissueLymphatic capillaryLymphatic nodeAfferent vessels Afferent vessels Thoracic ductRight lymphatic duckLymphatic vessels