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1、ForeignizingTranslationandDomesticatingTranslation异化翻译与归化翻译异化翻译与归化翻译History of FT&DTGermanscholarFriedrickSchleiermacherThetranslatorcaneitherleavethewriterinpeaceasmuchaspossibleandbringthereadertohim,orhecanleavethereaderinpeaceasmuchaspossibleandbringthewritertohime.(1813)Schleiermacherclaimed:Tr
2、anslationsfromdifferentlanguagesintoGermanshouldreadandsounddifferent:thereadershouldbeableto,guesstheSpanishbehindatranslationfromSpanish,andtheGreekbehindatranslationfromGreek DefinitionDTisatranslationstrategyinwhichatransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntexts
3、fortargetlanguagereaders.FTisatypeoftranslationinwhichatargettext“deliberately”breakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheforeignnessoftheoriginal.Italian-originedAmericanscholarLawrenceVenuti“TheTranslatorsInvisibility”FT and literal translationLiteraltranslationreferstoeitherastrategyoraprodu
4、ct.ItfocusesonthereproductionofboththeformandmeaningoftheSTalthoughtheformsometimesdoesnotconformtothetargetlanguageusage.Word-for-word,orverbatimtranslation,isaspecialcaseofliteraltranslation.Thecorrespondingactislabeled“translateliterallyordirectlyorverbatim”.Theresultoftheactisaliteraltranslation
5、.Thetranslatorwhoadvocatesitisaliteralist.Theirthoughtorperceptionoftranslationisliteralism.Itsoppositeisfreetranslation.Aliteraltranslationisaforeignizingtranslationincaseswheresourceandtargetlanguageandculturesystemsconflictwitheachother.DT and free translationFreetranslation,alsocalledliberaltran
6、slation,referstoeitherastrategyoraproduct.ItfocusesonthereproductionoftheSTmeaningratherthanitsform.Thecorrespondingactislabeled“free-translate”or“free-hand”.Theresultoftheactisafreetranslation.Thetranslatorwhoadvocatesitisaliberalistorafree-hander.Theirthoughtorperceptionoftranslationisliberalism.I
7、tsoppositeisliteraltranslation.Afreetranslationcanbeeitheradomesticatingtranslation,oraforeignizingtranslationorneitherofthem.Ifitretainstheforeignflavor,itisaforeignizingtranslation.Ifitlosestheexoticflavorandisbiasedtowardthetargetlanguage-culture,itisadomesticatingtranslation.Ifitlosestheoriginal
8、flavorandisnotbiasedtowardthetargetside,itisneitherofthem.FTFT&literaltranslationFTmainlydealswithculturaltranslation.LTisastrategyoftranslationDT/freetranslationOmission,amplification&inversionsometimesareconsideredasstrategiesofDTorFT语言层次上的归化语言层次上的归化assimilation/adaptation语言层次上的异化语言层次上的异化alienatio
9、ne.g.:lieononesbackclosethedoorbehindyou调整语序调整语序,以以TL来调整行文来调整行文保留本来面目保留本来面目文化层面上的归化文化层面上的归化/异化异化BritishscholarMonaBacker:原文的文化价值原文的文化价值观念是否发生变化观念是否发生变化,变化了的是变化了的是DT,没变的没变的FT.DTe.g.individualism个人主义个人主义(DT)东风压倒西风东风压倒西风.Therevolutionaryforceprevailsoverthereactionaryforce.文化翻译策略上的归化文化翻译策略上的归化/异化异化e.g.
10、theSignofFour四签名四签名(译者为福尔摩斯注译者为福尔摩斯注射吗啡杜撰有病的借口射吗啡杜撰有病的借口)文化词语的直译文化词语的直译-FT文化词语的意译文化词语的意译-DTe.g.:DTEtoC以汉语为准以汉语为准leadadogslife过着牛马不如的生活过着牛马不如的生活Jackofalltrades三脚猫三脚猫,万金油,万金油Everydoghashisday.风水轮流转。风水轮流转。CtoE以英语为准以英语为准thefourtigersofAsia亚洲四小龙亚洲四小龙likeadonkeyinalionshide狐假虎威狐假虎威likeahotknifecuttingthro
11、ughthebutter势如势如破竹破竹FTEtoCe.g.blackhorse黑马黑马ivorytower象牙塔象牙塔CtoE馄饨馄饨wonton;belikesplittingbamboo势如破竹势如破竹HenryFok霍英东霍英东翻译实践翻译实践原文原文:温哥华(温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人)的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中贡献。加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足国还大,人口却不足3000万。吸收外来万。吸收外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以移民,是加拿大长期奉行的国策。
12、可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中,万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地出生的,每有一半不是在本地出生的,每4个居民中个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的,年才来到温哥华地区的,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚使温哥华成为亚洲以外
13、最大的中国人聚居地。居地。参考译文参考译文:ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryoftheVancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparselypopulated,hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercount
14、rieshasbecomeanationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverres
15、idents,halfofthemarenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouverseconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveroverthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit.翻译讲评翻译讲评1、“加拿大地广人
16、稀,国土面积比中国还加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足大,人口却不足3000万万”参考译文:参考译文:Canada,sparselypopulated,hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million2、“可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短而已而已”参考译文:参考译文:AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanadaAssignment