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1、 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做定语从句还叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)tha
2、t(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词一1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _(a very rich man keeps differen
3、tKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _(Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _(you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _(you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.）_where2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词
4、是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。Yesterday we went to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which/that _ _Luckily none of the people _(I know)were killed in the earthquake.
5、whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。可以归到第一条可以归到第一条Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _(new China was founded).whenThe win
6、dow(_ was opened this morning)has been broken.which thatThe meeting (_ will be held next week)is very important.which that定语从句中关系副词的使用二1.定语从句中关系副词有：定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when 作时间状语；作时间状语；where 作地点状作地点状 语；语；why 作原因状语。如：作原因状语。如：He reme
7、mber the day when his father died.I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.Please give me the reason why you were late this time.when 作时间状语，意为作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为作原因状语，意为for the reason 3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用的词时都用when,where,why
8、，若先，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用主语或宾语，就必须用which或或that。如：如：We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语比较比较:We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于于 on the days。We believe
9、the reason that he told us.比较比较:The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.This is the house(which/that)he used to live in.This is the house in which/where he used to live.I know of a place(which/that)we can swim in.I know of a place in which/where we can swim.关系副词 where（1）Thi
10、s is the factory _ I visited last year.（2）This is the factory _ I worked last year.（3）This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets.A.where B.which C.whom D.whose（1 1）和（）和（3 3）选）选B.whichB.which。（。（2 2）选）选A.whereA.where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；的关系；（1 1）中是动宾关系，即）中是动宾关系，
11、即I visited the factoryI visited the factory，因此选，因此选whichwhich。（2 2）中）中factoryfactory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I I worked in the factoryworked in the factory，因此选，因此选wherewhere。（3 3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选此选whichwhich。Theyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its mothe
12、rland.The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.when=on whichwhen=on which关系副词 when试比较：试比较：Do you still remember the day _ we spent happily together?Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together?Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?(which/tha
13、t)whenwhen（4）I will never forget the day _ we spent together.（5）I will never forget the day _we worked together.A.which B.when C.where D.what（4）选）选A.which。（5）选）选B.whenwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：Do you know the reason why she was late?It rained heavily,for which h
14、e was late for the class.关系副词 why关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at/during+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which 总结介词的位置三介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg.1.I wont forget the date when(on which)I was born.2.This is the room where(in
15、which)I lived.=This is the room which I lived in.3.I dont know the reason why(for which)he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days when(in which)they lived in Tianjin.关系代词的省略（口语中）四介词后置介词后置时，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语时，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：中。如：Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to?The pencil(whic
16、h/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?五The painting(_ I looked)was painted by me.at whichThe book(_ I heard)was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen(_ she wrote that book)can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ (flowers are seen all the ye
17、ar round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：结论：只有当介词只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。时，才能用关系副词代替。找准定语从句的先行词六定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。误：误：Is this farm we
18、 visited last week?该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：This farm is _ we visited last week.显然应加上显然应加上the one作先行词。作先行词。正：正：Is this farm the one we visited last week?当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的：当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的：Is this the farm we visited last week?（6）Is this library _ you often read in?（7）Is t
19、his the library _ you often read in?A.the one B.in which C.where D.which（6 6）选）选A.the oneA.the one。（。（7 7）选）选D.whichD.which。做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句：做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句：（6 6）为：）为：This library is _ you often read This library is _ you often read in.in.此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选A.the oneA.the one。（7 7）为：
20、）为：This is the library _ you often This is the library _ you often read in.read in.此题关系词作此题关系词作read inread in的宾语，故选的宾语，故选D.D.whichwhich。（8）This is the reason _ he was absent.（9）This is the reason _ can explain his absence.A.which B.why C.when D.in which（8 8）选）选B.whyB.why，相当于，相当于for whichfor which，作原
21、因状，作原因状语。语。（9 9）选）选A.whichA.which，在定语从句中作主语。，在定语从句中作主语。介词的选用原则七preposition+relative pronounspreposition+relative pronouns1.The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr.Ball.2.The pen which he is writing with now was bought yesterday.3.The gas which we can not live without is called oxygen.The
22、pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygenThe person _ you should write is Mr.Ball.to whom with which without which1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如：配来决定。如：This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.spend money
23、 on sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配pay money for sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：如：I remember the day on which I joined the League.I remember the days during which I lived here.I remember the month in which I stayed there.强调在具体某一天要用介词强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在在month前介词要用前介词要用in3)根据
24、从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？4.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：如：look for,look after,take care of 等。如：等。如：This is
25、 the watch(which/that)I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking.正正误误The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.正正误误5.以以the way为先行词的限制性定语从为先行词的限制性定
26、语从 句通常由句通常由in which或或that引导，而且引导，而且 通常可以省略。通常可以省略。如：如：The way(that/in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。I dont like the way(that/in which/-)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。6.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前或后还可有前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,f
27、ew等代词或者数词。等代词或者数词。如：如：He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他 都很好。都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which(=of which some)have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom(
28、=of whom most)are from big cities.我们班总共有我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大个学生，大多数来自大 城市。城市。Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which(=of which three)are about country life.迄今为止，他写了迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中部小说，其中 部是关于农村生活的。部是关于农村生活的。Have you met the person _ he was speaking?He is the man _ you can turn for help.The
29、 farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be.This is the tree _ we used to play games.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.More examples about whom to whom on which under which with which without whichwhose八whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关
30、系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.Use a preposition and a relative pronoun,whom/which,to complete the following sentences.1.The book _ I heard was wri
31、tten twenty years ago.2.The people _ the man spoke werent listening.3.The film _ I fell asleep was very boring.4.The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.5.The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET.6.The gun _ he was shot was never found.about whichto whomduring
32、 whichwith whichin whichwith which填空：1.Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2.He is a teacher _ I like very much.3.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.whose(whom/that/who)which/that whothat6.Tom is the first boy _left the ro
33、om.7.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.8.You can read any book _I have.9.That was the year _I went to America.10.we came to the town,_we stayed for 2 hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere11.This is the place _ I stayed for two days.12.The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on TV.13.The f
34、actory _ he worked has been pulled down.14.The factory _ we are going to visit produces watches.15.The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one.16.The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythat练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is g
35、ood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、This is the very factory_we visited
36、 last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this se
37、ntence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC11、Those _
38、to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC19、This is th
39、e reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asBCorrect the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1
40、,1999 is the day when well never forget.which_tothe one5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_that/w
41、hich9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.that_ as引导的定语从句必须掌握以下两个要点：1.用在the same.as和such.as结构中，as作主语或宾语。I have the same mobile phone as you(have).(as作宾语)He is such a kind man as often helps others.(as作主语)同时，要区分such.as与such.that.的用法，在such.that.结构中，that引导状语从句，且在从句中不作成分。He is such a kind man that all of us like him.(从句主、宾语不缺，故用that，不用as。)2.as引导非限制性定语从句,通常先行词为整个句子,它引导的定语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后(此时可用which代替)。As is known to us all,Taiwan is part of China.=Taiwan is part of China,as/which is known to us all.谢谢您的聆听！