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1、 Effective Primary ELT浙江大学教育学院 褚献华理念理念小学英语有效教学的小学英语有效教学的Ideas of2Effective Primary ELTIm going to talk about n n英语教学的几条基本理念Some basic ideas about ELT in schoolsn n小学生学习英语所需的条件Conditions for children learning English Principles of effective primary ELTn n小学英语有效教学的原则2022/12/9Teacher Competencies 教师的能力
2、教师的能力ATTITUDE态度态度KNOWLEDGE知识知识SKILLS技能技能AWARENESS意识意识triggers and monitors attention to:towards self,students，teaching,and others 对待自己、学生、教学和他人The how of teachingThe what of teaching method方法 technique技巧 activity活动 materials/tools 材料/工具 subject matter学科 students学生 context 环境View of Language Teaching
3、语言教学观语言教学观2022/12/93PD and Effective ELTTraits of effective teachers 高效教师的特征高效教师的特征Efficacy 效能感效能感Enthusiasm 热情热情Efficiency 高效性高效性Elaboration 精加工精加工Expertise 专业知识技能专业知识技能Empathy 体谅心体谅心Elasticity 灵活性灵活性Expectations 高期望高期望2022/12/94PD and Effective ELTApprentice teachersJourneyman teachersMaster teach
4、ersThe Hierarchy of Teaching Competencies教学能力的层次教学能力的层次know what to teach教什么know what to teach and how to teach怎么教know what to teach and how to teach,why to teach whom at which times,how to assess learning and how to improve their own expertise and teaching skills 善于教学和发展名师名师能手能手新手新手2022/12/95PD and
5、 Effective ELT2022/12/96PD and Effective ELTMy pursuit of teaching 我的教学追求我的教学追求教学目标达成度高教学目标达成度高effective教学过程快乐有趣教学过程快乐有趣enjoyable教学资源消耗较少教学资源消耗较少economicalEffective teaching produces maximal effects(learning outcomes)through an enjoyable process with limited resources.有效教学有效教学利用有限的资源利用有限的资源通过快乐的过程通过
6、快乐的过程达到最大的学习结果达到最大的学习结果 Teacher Professional Development教师专业发展教师专业发展How can I become the best teacher I can be for my students?A process of continual 专业发展是专业发展是教师智能、经验和态度持续成长的过程教师智能、经验和态度持续成长的过程growth of teachersWhat is meant by PD for teachers?2022/12/97PD and Effective ELTOn-going Professional Pro
7、gress持续的专业进步持续的专业进步Learning学习学习 Practice实践实践Reflection反思反思 Professional Progress2022/12/98PD and Effective ELTExpanding Your Repertoire 扩展专业技能扩展专业技能 KEEP whatever has been working effectively保持行之有效的方法保持行之有效的方法 CHANGE whatever does not work effectively 改进行之无效的方法改进行之无效的方法 TRY whatever may work effecti
8、vely 尝试从未做过的方法尝试从未做过的方法 KEEP KEEP 保持保持保持保持CHANGECHANGE改变改变改变改变TRYTRY尝试尝试尝试尝试Professional Development2022/12/99PD and Effective ELTKey Constructivist Viewpoints on Language Learning建构主义语言学习的主要观点建构主义语言学习的主要观点10Effective Primary ELT2022/12/9 Learners 学生学生 Learning 学习学习 Teacher 教师教师 Teaching 教学教学Child i
9、nnate to learn孩子天生会学习孩子天生会学习2022/12/911Effective Primary ELTn nEvery child is a passionate learner.Children have strong and natural desire for knowledge,skills,and the feeling of mastery.n n每个孩子天生都渴望每个孩子天生都渴望学习知识、掌握技能学习知识、掌握技能和获得成就感。和获得成就感。Learning in activities在活动中学习在活动中学习n nLearners acquire langua
10、ge knowledge and develop language skills by participating in communicative activities.2022/12/912Effective Primary ELTn n学生在参与语言学生在参与语言交流活动中获得交流活动中获得语言知识和发展语言知识和发展语言技能语言技能Active Attitude 积极的态度积极的态度 Effective Practice 有效的操练有效的操练 Primary English as Cornerstone Confidence 信心信心Language Skills 语言技能语言技能Fu
11、rther Learning 未来学习未来学习CORNERSTONECORNERSTONEIt is the first step that counts.起步最重要。起步最重要。It is the first step that costs.万事开头难。万事开头难。2022/12/913Effective Primary ELTWhat makes confidence?信心信心Confidence 信心Achievable Achievable Objectives Objectives 可达到的目标可达到的目标可达到的目标可达到的目标Enjoyable Enjoyable Activit
12、ies Activities 有趣的活动有趣的活动有趣的活动有趣的活动Noticeable Noticeable Outcomes Outcomes 明显的结果明显的结果明显的结果明显的结果 Sense of Achievement 成就感2022/12/914Effective Primary ELTTeacher as facilitator 教师是促进者教师是促进者2022/12/915Effective Primary ELTn nThe teacher plays an important role as The teacher plays an important role as
13、facilitator,who provides support to students facilitator,who provides support to students learning.learning.n n教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持n nThe art The art of teaching is the of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.art of assist
14、ing discovery.n n教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。16nArouse childrens interestnSimplify the task by breaking it into smaller stepsnRemind children of goals nKeep children on tasknPoint out what is importantn Manage frustration2022/12/9Effective Primary ELT激发儿童兴趣激发儿童兴趣简化任务、化整为零简化任务、化整为
15、零提示目标提示目标指出重点指出重点预防、化解挫折预防、化解挫折保持他们参与保持他们参与Teaching as scaffolding 教学是支撑教学是支撑The general process of language learning 语言学习的一般过程语言学习的一般过程Exposure to language 感受语言感受语言Comprehension 理解意思理解意思Imitation 模仿保持模仿保持Active use 活用语言活用语言Language input 语言输入语言输入Language output语言输出语言输出Internalization 内化内化Externaliz
16、ation 外化外化2022/12/9UUnderstandse17Effective Primary ELTWhat language skills to develop?LANGUAGE SKILLS语言技能Accurate Accurate Phonetic Skills Phonetic Skills 准确的语音技能准确的语音技能准确的语音技能准确的语音技能 Correct Correct Speaking Skills Speaking Skills 正确的口语技能正确的口语技能正确的口语技能正确的口语技能Good Reading&Good Reading&Writing Skill
17、s Writing Skills 良好的读写技能良好的读写技能良好的读写技能良好的读写技能 LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 语言知识2022/12/918Effective Primary ELTTeachers Responsibility 教师的职责教师的职责Effective Primary ELT192022/12/9To enable children tounderstand the languageuse the language2022/12/920Effective Primary ELTProviding children with提供学生supportive env
18、ironment for learning 支持环境explicit modeling and teaching 准确示范feedback and encouragement 反馈鼓励interest in learning学习兴趣engagement in activities参与活动Maintaining childrens 维持学生的How to do my duty?Many low-achievers 很多学困生很多学困生Effective Primary ELT212022/12/9n ncannot understandcannot understand the English
19、inputthe English input 听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课n ncannot read the words and texts correctlycannot read the words and texts correctly不会正确朗读词汇和课文不会正确朗读词汇和课文不会正确朗读词汇和课文不会正确朗读词汇和课文n ncannot do their assignment after classcannot do their assignment after class不会做课外作业不会做课外作业不会做课外作业不会做课外作业n ncannot rem
20、ember/spell the wordscannot remember/spell the words记不牢单词记不牢单词记不牢单词记不牢单词n ncannot use the language for communicationcannot use the language for communication不会用于交流不会用于交流不会用于交流不会用于交流My problems are 2022/12/922Effective Primary ELTn nmanage a large class(over 40 manage a large class(over 40 children)c
21、hildren)大班教学管理大班教学管理大班教学管理大班教学管理n nengage all children in learning activitiesengage all children in learning activities吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与n nteach the contents in the limited timeteach the contents in the limited time时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多n ngive low-achievers extra su
22、pportgive low-achievers extra support为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助How can I?Effective Primary ELT23Interest&Confidence Vanished Interest&Confidence Vanished 兴趣和信心消失兴趣和信心消失兴趣和信心消失兴趣和信心消失Instructional Goals Unachieved Instructional Goals Unachieved 教学目标达不成教学目标达不成教学目标达不成教学目标达不成 Some
23、children left behind Some children left behind 有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队Comprehension理解Exposure 感受Imitation 模仿Active use 活用Insufficient practice操练不够操练不够Incomprehensible input 输入不懂输入不懂Insufficient exposure接触不够接触不够Learner disengagement Learner disengagement 学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习2022/12/9Why
24、some children fail?2022/12/924Effective Primary ELTWhat root causes?Conditions for effective learning of English英语有效学习的条件英语有效学习的条件EFFECTIVE TEACHING有效的教学有效的教学Effective Teaching as Key有效教学是关键有效教学是关键Confidence Confidence 信心信心Language Skills Language Skills 语言技能语言技能Further Learning Further Learning 未来学
25、习未来学习CORNERSTONE2022/12/926Effective Primary ELTKey Elements for Effective ELT有效英语教学的要素有效英语教学的要素2022/12/927Effective Primary ELTLearning Learning conditions conditions Learningoutcomes Learning Process 学习过程学习过程Learning objective学习目标学习目标Language skills 语言技能语言技能Language knowledge语言知识语言知识Learning strat
26、egies 学习策略学习策略Affective attitude 情感态度情感态度 Culture awareness 文化意识文化意识GOALS 教学目的教学目的提供外部提供外部提供外部提供外部学习条件学习条件学习条件学习条件ELT Process英语教学过程英语教学过程2022/12/9SUCCESSSMILE内部条件内部条件Teacher as facilitator28Effective Primary ELTLEARNINGCONDITIONS29Effective Primary ELTChildren need some conditions to learn English w
27、ell.学生学好英语需要一些条件：学生学好英语需要一些条件：SMILESUCCESS内部条件内部条件 外部条件外部条件2022/12/9What conditions are needed?Internal learning conditions学习的内部条件学习的内部条件n n chemata(prior learning)原有知识原有知识n n otivation to learn 学习动机学习动机 n n ntelligence level(IQ)智力水平智力水平n n earning style 学习方式学习方式n nSelf-fficacy(confidence)自我效能感自我效能感
28、SMILE2022/12/9SMILE 30Effective Primary ELTSchemata(Prior Learning)图式（原有知识）图式（原有知识）n nA schema is a A schema is a mental structure of knowledge.mental structure of knowledge.图式是头脑中的知识结构。n nWe use schemata to organize current knowledge We use schemata to organize current knowledge and provide a frame
29、work for future understanding.and provide a framework for future understanding.我们用图式组织现有知识，并为理解新知 提供框架。n nAny new learning is built upon the prior learning.Any new learning is built upon the prior learning.任何新知识的学习都需要原有知识为基础。2022/12/931Effective Primary ELTMotivation to Learn 学习动机学习动机n nWhat makes c
30、hildren want to learn English?哪些因素促进学生想学英语？2022/12/932Effective Primary ELTLearning Tasks学习任务Interest in Learning学习兴趣Teacher behavior教师行为Learning Settings学习环境Expectations期望Personality个性Intelligence 智力智力n nIntelligence is a persons capacity to n nacquire knowledge acquire knowledge(i.e.learn and unde
31、rstand)(i.e.learn and understand)n napply knowledge apply knowledge(solve problems),and(solve problems),and n nengage in abstract reasoning.engage in abstract reasoning.智力是获取和应用知识、抽象思维的能力获取和应用知识、抽象思维的能力2022/12/933Effective Primary ELTUnder 70 mentally retarded-2.2%70-80 borderline retarded-6.7%80-90
32、 low average-16.1%90-110 average-50%110-120 high average-16.1%120-130 superior-6.7%Over 130 very superior-2.2%Learning Style 学习方式学习方式 n nLearner styles are approaches to learning and studying.Children have different ways of learning.学习者的学习方式各不相同2022/12/934Effective Primary ELT多元智能Multiple intelligen
33、cesSelf-Efficacy 自我效能感自我效能感n nOnes belief in our ability to succeed in specific situations(learning)对自己在某方面成功的信念2022/12/935Effective Primary ELTYes,I can!External learning conditions外部条件外部条件SUCCESS36equential transfer 有序的迁移有序的迁移tress-free environment 轻松的环境轻松的环境nderstandable input 可理解输入可理解输入SUCCESS o
34、rrelated review 相关的复习相关的复习orrect demonstration 正确的示范正确的示范ngaging activities 参与型活动参与型活动ufficient practice 充分的练习充分的练习2022/12/9SUCCESS36Effective Primary ELTEffective Primary ELTPrinciples of ELT 英语教学原则Learner as centre 学生为中心学生为中心Interest as usher 兴趣为引导兴趣为引导 Skills as goals技能为目标技能为目标Sentence as basis 句
35、子为基础句子为基础Speech before writing 口语先于书写口语先于书写Accuracy before fluency 准确先于流利准确先于流利Mastery before test 学会先于考试学会先于考试Learning in communication 交际中学习交际中学习Autonomous learning自主学习自主学习Reflective teaching 反思性教学反思性教学2022/12/93738Effective Primary ELTPriorities for Beginners初学阶段的教学重点初学阶段的教学重点n nPositive attitude
36、 积极的态度积极的态度nEnjoyment in learning English学英语的乐趣学英语的乐趣nConfidence 信心信心nHabit&methods 习惯与方法习惯与方法2022/12/9n Solid phonetic basis坚实的语音基础坚实的语音基础n Correct sounds and tones正确的语音语调正确的语音语调n Oral expressions 口语表达口语表达n Singing and loud reading 唱歌和朗读唱歌和朗读39Effective Primary ELTPriorities for Upper Graders高年级的教学
37、重点高年级的教学重点n nGood oral skills良好的口头交际技能良好的口头交际技能nCorrect pronunciation&intonation 语音语调语音语调nSentence expression 语句表达语句表达nReading-aloud as a benchmark 衡量朗读能力衡量朗读能力2022/12/9n nReading as a springboard for progress 阅读作为进步的跳板阅读作为进步的跳板nVocabulary building-up 扩大词汇量扩大词汇量nComprehension skills 理解能力理解能力nElement
38、ary writing 基础书写基础书写40Effective Primary ELTWEARE SURETHAT WE CANLET OUR KIDS ENJOYMORE FUN IN LEARNING ENGLISH BY MAKING OUR ENGLISH LESSONS MOREEFFECTIVE SO WHY NOT?2022/12/9PostscriptsThe students are searching for knowledge and understanding of English,and we are searching for the effective ways to help them.There is no end to either adventure,but it is the process that matters,and the insights we have along the way.Effective Primary ELT2022/12/941