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1、2023年学好高中英语的Top 10 Tips：掌握猜词技巧，提升阅读能力猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，它可以在一定程度上考查考生的逻辑推断能力，是阅读能力的一个重要组成部分，频繁出现在高考英语试卷中。在英语阅读中根据上下文猜测词义，有助于锻炼同学们分析问题、解决问题的能力，有助于扩大词汇量。实际上，阅读材料中的词汇与它前后的词语、句子或段落，甚至篇章都有着相互制约的关系。因此我们可以利用语境所给信息，推测判断文中生词的含义。下面给大家分享一些相关的学习心得，供大家参考。掌握猜词技巧 提升阅读能力笔者根据自己的阅读经历以及指导学生复习阅读理解专项的经验，总结出了一些有益的猜词方法，愿与读者共勉
2、。一、定义猜词法即根据定义猜测词义的方法。需要定义或解释的单词或短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中的关键词，作者为了使读者正确理解它们，就得做出较浅显的解释或说明。例一：Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck, four legs and orange skin with dark spots.根据后面对 Giraffe 的解释，它的词义为长颈鹿。例二：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知 Anthropology 的词义为研究人类的科学即人类学。例三：What is plagiarism
3、? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.根据定义我们知道plagiarism的词义为剽窃。二、定语从句定语从句对先行词起限定、修饰或解释作用，因此我们可以利用定语从句来推测先行词的词义。例一：Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called Nuvoricans.Nuvori
4、cans 的词义可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的两个定语从句来得到， 即生在纽约，后又回到波多黎各的人。例二：Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind and body.根据定语从句我们可以看出Psychophysiology的意思为身心联系的科学，即心理生理学。三、同位短语或同位语从句同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、分号、引号和括号连接。例一：According to a report published on the B
5、ritish medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.根据句法结构的知识，我们知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位语，由此可知The Lancet是一个杂志的名称。例二：Semantics, the study of the me
6、aning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.两个逗号中间的短语the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位语，意为对词义进行研究的科学， 即语义学。四、对比结构寻找文中相互对比、相互对照的线索来确定生词的含义。在此类文章中，通常会出现一些表示意义转折、对比的词语：however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, ye
7、t, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.根据句法结构可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.为对比关系，意义相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers为熟练工人。例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.通过but我们知道abhor是like的反义
8、词，意为厌恶。五、并列平行结构它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣，我们可以推测hassle意为混乱。例
9、二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able t
10、o study at the Ecole Polytechnique.baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系，根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为难倒，使受挫，阻碍之意。例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为健谈的。六、因果关系它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因，亦可通过原因推测结果。例句：The girl began to feel homesick becau
11、se she had been away from her family for years.根据原因状语从句和homesick本身的构词方法，我们推断它的词义为想家的。七、举例法即通过生词后面所举的例子来推断生词的含义。例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.我们根据后面所举的例子，不难推断出periodicals是期刊
12、之意。八、语境线索或上下文即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Societya group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they wer
13、e programmed to do that, said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and
14、excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that example is better than precept. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think
15、 for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为说教。例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every d
16、ay. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.根据语境我们知道available的词义为可与之交谈的或有空的。例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the windowStar Bar. Ther
17、e were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay u
18、nder one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines.根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为极热的。九、标点符号的暗示例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Societya group holding the
19、 belief that old ladies should have fun.破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释，是一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体。例二：The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, mini
20、vans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。十、同义词的替代关系例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.为避免重复使用endanger一词， 用同义词jeopardize来替代它, 我们推知je
21、opardize词义为使陷入危险，危及，危害。学好英语的Top 10 Tips第一要诀：收听英语气象报告有些教学录音带为配合初学者的学习，故意放慢语速，这对英语听力的训练是不够的。如果听语速正常的英语，初学者又会感到力不从心。英语气象报告的速度虽快，但词汇简单固定，内容单纯，重复的可能性大，而且在生活中随时都可以印证，是听力入门的好教材。第二要诀：收听中国国际广播电台的英语广播中国国际广播电台(China Radio International)每天早上7:00–8:00，中午11:00–12:00各有一小时的英语节目。内容包括国内外新闻剪报集锦和各类系列的专题报道。除
22、了英语标准流利的国内播音员担任广播之外，也有向外侨或访客就某一话题而做的录音访问。内容广泛，但词汇较简单，语速亦适中，可以藉此训练或增进英语的听力。第三要诀：善用录音带锻炼听说能力有些学习者总是习惯于一边看书一边听磁带，把磁带当成阅读的辅助工具，这样打不到锻炼听力的目的。录音带应该是以听说能力的训练为主。学习者要选用与自己能力相适应的听力磁带，不要急于求成，以免产生受挫心理。先反复聆听磁带内容，起先只要抓住梗概，多听几次后，对细节的了解便越来越多。听力较差的人，可先阅读课文，然后再 集中精力领会每段每句的意思。这样练习有助于培养倾听时注意力的集中，使您的听力迅速进步。第四要诀：听正常语速的英语
23、，才能加速听力的进步很多广播教学和听力教材总是为了配合听众或学习者的程度而故意放慢语速，这虽是无可厚非的变通方法，但也会产生一些不良的副作用。例如：1.听惯了语速放慢的英语，在与外国人的实际交往中，就很难适应，甚至听不懂他们用正常语速讲的英语。2. 故意放慢语速时，通常会把一句中每个词都清楚的读出来，但在正常的会话中会出现很多同化(assimilation)，减弱(reduction)，连音(liaison)的现象。所以，听语速正常的英语对于听力和会话极为重要。第五要诀：从网络上学习原版英语现在的网络已经很发达了，上面有很多英语学习资源。 听，说，读，写都可以在网络上面完成，还可以无限次的重复
24、，直到你学会为之。但网络上面的资源也是良莠不齐，要靠你自己去发现适合你学习的网站。第六要诀：和朋友表演影片情节在英语学习中，我们经常会与朋友或同学相约用英语交谈来提高英语会话能力，但经常感到自己的语言贫乏，所谈内容有限。现在不妨试试这种方法：配合前节所讲的从电视，电影中学习英语，先依据电影情节节选一个或多个片段，个人选定一个角色，然后在影片看熟之后试着把台词誊录成文字并背下来，最后进行排练表演。经常做这种练习，不仅对英语会话和听力大有好处，而且对语法和写作也是很好的锻炼。第七要诀：朗诵英文诗英语是否流利取决于对节奏的正确掌握。英语是按单词和句子的重音来分节奏的。英文诗是练习英语节奏的最好材料之
25、一。例如 Worsworth 著名的The Daffodils(水仙花)：I wandered lonely as a cloud/ That floats on high over vales and hills…(我象一片白云孤独的游荡，飘越过溪谷和群山……)便是典型的弱强节奏。读熟之后，大声朗诵，一定获益非浅。第八要诀：唱歌学英语比朗诵英文诗更有效的是唱英文歌曲。唱英文歌可以帮您练习发音(pronunciation)，语调(intonation)和节奏(rhythm)，又可以让您在很愉快的心情下背会很多单词和句型，真是一举数得。所选的英文歌曲最好
26、语言优美，语法正规。起先可以从童谣入手，再渐渐的学唱抒情歌曲。学唱之前先要将歌词朗读几遍再跟着磁带学唱，唱熟后能背更好。第九要诀：特别注意中文没有的发音英语中有些读音是中文中没有的，这些也是我们英语学习者最困惑的读音，例如th的发音，发这种音时要特别注意口型的正确。第十要诀：背诵名人演说词，找机会复诵出来好的演说在用字遣辞上不但求其优美而且特别注重沟通力和说服力，是练习英语表达的最佳教材。学习者不必将演说词从头到尾的背诵，只要选择自己喜欢的段落或句子来背即可。例如：肯尼迪总统的名言Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.(不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要问你能为你的国家做什么。)这类的妙言嘉句背多了之后，对于说话，写作都会有不少的帮助。