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1、初中现在完成时讲解与练习nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在发生在过去却对现在造成的过去却对现在造成的影响影响在在 以以 上上 两两 种种 用用 法法 中中 常常 跟跟 already,notyet,never,just,before,ever,recently等时间继续下去的状语。等时间继续下去的状语。3)表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始,持续到现在持续到现在,也许还会继续下也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内
2、的一段时间的状去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。语连用。She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+时间段 since+时间点,since+句子since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwa
3、sborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)现现在完成在完成时时Presentperfect 句型句型1.肯定句肯定句“主语主语+have（has）过去分词）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的have或或has是助动词，是助动词，h
4、as用于第三用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用人称单数，其它人称一律用have。.疑疑问问句句have（has)+主主语语+过过去分去分词词（回答用回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）”）.否定句否定句：主：主语语+“havent（hasnt）过过去分去分词词”。Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.Ihavenot(havent)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasnt)seenthefilm.现在完成时的现在完成
5、时的否定否定形式：形式：havenot(havent)+过去分词过去分词hasnot(hasnt)+过去分词过去分词Ihaventeatensupper.eat-eatenHehasntchangedhisidea.change-changedMe-come否定句否定句1.Ivealreadyhaddinner.I_dinner_.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He_hishomework_.3.Mumscookedthedinner.Mum_thedinner.4.SusanslearnedEnglishatschool.Susan_Englishatscho
6、ol.haventhadyethasntfinishedyethasntcookedhasnt learned把下列句子改为否定句把下列句子改为否定句Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前提前+过去分词过去分词HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihavent.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasnt.eat-eaten疑问句疑问句1.Ivealreadyhaddinner
7、.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mumscookedthedinner.4.SusanslearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句把下列句子改为一般疑问句（for+表示一段时间的词组，表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）组）谓语只可用谓语只可用延续性延续性动词动词.eg.-I
8、ve lived here for 15 years.eg.-Ive lived here since 15 years ago(1990)选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _
9、 several years.6.Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince注意注意:瞬间动词瞬间动词不能不能和和时间段时间段连用连用.瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuymethod 1:动作动作 状态状态die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演）be married be in be d
10、ead1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick 参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.Nick has been in the army for 3 years.He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.I have kept the book for 4 months.method 2:It is+时间段时间段 since+一般过去时的句子一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick 参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4
11、.这本书我已借了4个月了.It is 2 years since his grandpa died.It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.It is 4 months since I borrowed the book.1.Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtt
12、hemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)6.He left here 2 years ago.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film _ _ _
13、 for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He _ _ a _ for a year.-He _ _ _ the army for a year.-It _ a year _ he joined the army.6.He left here 2 years ago.-He has been
14、 away from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film has been on for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door has been open for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door has been closed for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He has been a soldier for
15、a year.-He has been in the army for a year.-It is a year since he joined the army.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状
16、语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海在他人生
17、中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了现在还在上海没有离开呢辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别动词填空：动词填空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._
18、he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(come)here?Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(
19、develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride)a horse?Never.9.He _(keep)the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept1.Ivealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mumscookedthedinner.4.SusanslearnedEngl
20、ishatschool.Whathaveyoualreadydone?Whathashejustdone?Whohascookedthedinner?WherehasSusanlearnedEnglish?对划线部分提问对划线部分提问练习题练习题:1.Itsalongtimesincewe_(meet)last,isntit?2.-Iknowyou_(choose)apicturebookamongthese.-Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople_(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather_homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCAGood-bye!结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！32