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1、倒装&前置v倒装v通常，句子的主语位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序(Normal Order)。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种语序就被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order)。倒装语序有两种：全部倒装，即将整个谓语置于主语之前；部分倒装，即只将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）移到主语前面。还有一种情况，就是句子的主谓顺序没有改变，但是句子中某一成分提前了（通常是宾语、表语或状语），这种情况通常被称为前置。例如：vIn one corner of the room stands（谓语）a bookcase（主语）.(全部倒装)vNever before have（谓语）I
2、（主语）heard（谓语）such a thing.(部分倒装)vWhat lovely weather（表语）it（主语）is（动词）!(表语前置)v1.语法倒装 由于语法结构的需要进行倒装v1）疑问句中的倒装 Is she in favor of the plan or against it?How long have you been learning English?注意：如特殊疑问句的疑问词提问的是主语，则仍用正常语序。Who beat Tom yesterday?Which bike is yours?v2）there be(或there+其它连系动词)的倒装 There are
3、a lot of people in the hall.There stands a weather station at the top of the hill.v3）省略if的虚拟条件句中的倒装（参见“虚拟语气”部分）Had they been given more help,they would have succeeded.Were it fine tomorrow,we would go on a picnic.v4）在here,there,now,then引导的句子中，谓语是be,come,go等动词时的倒装。这类句子大都带有引起注意的含义。Here is the letter y
4、ou have been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.Then came the order to take off.起飞的命令来了。注意，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装，比较：1 There comes the postman.There he comes.2 Here are the books you want.Here they are.v5）在so,nor,neither开头的句子中的倒装 I went to see a movie last night.So did my sister and brother.Tom doesnt l
5、ike bananas.Nor does his wife.If you wont go,neither will I.v6）语法上要求的前置va)在感叹句中的前置 How beautiful this dress is!(表语前置)What a lovely picture he has painted!(宾语前置)vb)在“the more,the more”结构中的前置 The sooner you give up smoking(状语前置),the healthier you will become(表语前置).The more books one reads(宾语前置),the mo
6、re knowledge he has(宾语前置).vc)在疑问词或连接词whether等引导的从句中的前置 I dont know who he is.(宾语从句中的表语前置)Whatever advice you may offer,it will be of value to us.(状语从句中的宾语前置)You can hardly imagine how fast he drives.(宾语从句中状语前置)What books he wants is not clear.(主语从句中宾语前置)v2.修辞倒装 修辞倒装，即由于修辞需要而产生的倒装v1）当“only+状语”用于句首表示强
7、调时，要用倒装；如果不在句首，则用正常语序。1 Only in this way can you solve this problem.(倒装)You can solve this problem only in this way.(正常)2 Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake.(倒装)We realized that there was a mistake only when we had studied the data again.(正常)v2）含有否定意义的副词或
8、词组，用于句首，充当状语时，要用倒装。如：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,not until,by no means,under no circumstances等，以及含有否定意义的关连词如：not onlybut also,neithernor,no soonerthan,hardlywhen等，位于句首也要倒装。1 Never shall I forget this lesson.(倒装)I shall never forget this lesson.(正常)2 Not only was Churchill a statesman,but also
9、he was a poet.(倒装)Churchill was not only a statesman,but also he was a poet.(正常)v3）在as和be引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序1 Tired as he was,he continued to work.(倒装)Though he was tired,he continued to work.(正常)2 Try as he might,he could not fulfill the task alone.(倒装)Although he might try,he could not fulfill the t
10、ask alone.(正常)3 Everybody must obey the law,be he a common citizen or a high ranking official.(倒装)Everybody must obey the law,whether he is a common citizen or a high ranking official.(正常)v4）当“so/suchthat”结构中的“so”，“such”用于句首加强语气时，要用倒装 So angry was he(=He was so angry)that he couldnt speak.Such was t
11、he force of the explosion(=The force of the explosion was such)that all the windows were broken.v5）为了生动地描写动作，在in,out,away,up,down,off等副词开头的句子里常用倒装 Up went the rocket into the air.Following a roar,out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.v6）主语较长，为了使句子平衡而使用倒装 Gone are the days when China had to depend
12、 on foreign oil.中国依赖外国石油的日子一去不复返了。v7）为了使句子和上文衔接的更紧密而使用倒装 (There is a gate to the south of Tian An Men Square.)Facing the gate is the Monument to the Peoples Heroes.(天安门广场的难面有一个城门。)面对着城门的是人民英雄纪念碑。(He found a table in one corner of the room.)Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.(他发现房间的
13、一个角落里有一张桌子。)桌子下面躺着一个半昏迷的年轻人。v8）在宾语从句是直接引语的句子中，若整体或部分直接引语置于主句前面时，主谓要倒装。“Help!Help!”shouted the boy.(倒装)“I am sure,”said Jack,“you are right.”(倒装)注意，如果主语是人称代词，则仍用正常语序：“What do you want?”he asked.如果作为宾语从句的直接引语位于主句之后，则仍用正常语序。例如：The boy shouted,“Help!Help!”Jack said,“Im sure you are right.”He asked,“What
14、 do you want?”v9）修辞中出现的前置 修饰前置一般有两个目的：强调和衔接。修辞中所出现的前置主要有：va)宾语前置 Very good lessons we had yesterday.(表示强调)昨天我们上的课太好了。He fired two small pieces of fish.One he fed to his cat,the other he ate himself.(为了衔接更加紧密)他炸了两小块鱼，一块喂了猫，一块他自己吃了。vb)状语前置 In 1971,the Soviet Union sent into orbit the first experimenta
15、l manned space station.She has translated into Chinese a novel written by Mark Twain.He was writing carefully the New Years cards to be sent to his friends.vc)宾语的补足语前置 They saw playing in the garden a group of children aged from about six to ten.他们看见一群大约六到十岁的孩子在花园里玩。Many people consider impossible w
16、hat really is possible.不少人把本来可能做到的事看成是不可能的。v1.He is not under arrest,_ any restriction on him.A.or the police have placed B.or have the police placed C.nor the police have placed D.nor have the police placedv2._ he needed money for a new car,he decided not to borrow it from the bank.A.Much as B.Much
17、 though C.As much D.Though muchDAv3._,he always tries his best to complete it on time.A.However the task is hard B.However hard the task is C.Though hard the task is D.Though hard is the taskv4._ for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam.A.Had it not been B.Hadnt it been C.W
18、as it not D.Were it notBAv5.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck,_ to the truck.A.the greater stress is B.greater is the stress C.the stress is greater D.the greater the stressv6.The business of each day,_ selling goods or shipping them,went quite smoothly.
19、A.it being B.be it C.was it D.it wasDBv7.Only by shouting at the top of his voice _.A.he was able to make himself hear B.he was able to make himself heard C.was he able to make himself hear D.was he able to make himself heardv8.Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground.A.had he arrived B.w
20、ould he have arrived C.did he arrive D.should he have arrivedDCv9._ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A.So clever are the construction robots B.So clever the construction robots are C.Such construction robots are clever D.Such clever const
21、ruction robots arevsothat引出的结果状语从句中，so位于句首时，需倒装。此外，to such a degree,to such an extent,to such a point等词组放在句首，表示程度，句子也要倒装。So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street.To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.Av10.Fool _ Jane is,she cou
22、ld not have done such a thing.A.who B.as C.that D.likev11._,he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes herBDv12._,he would not have recovered so quickly.A.Hadnt he been taken good care of B.Had he not bee
23、n taken good care of C.Had not been he taken good care of D.Had he been not taken good care ofv13._ for your laziness,you could have finished the assignment by now.A.Had it not been B.It were not C.Werent it D.Had not it beenBAv14.She never laughed,_ lose her temper.A.or she ever did B.nor did she e
24、ver C.or did she ever D.nor she ever didv15.John had been working hard and _.A.so his brother did B.so had his brother C.so was his brother D.so his brother didBBv16._ does he know that the police are about to arrest him.A.Few B.Only C.Seldom D.Littlev17.The doctor warned his patient that _ should h
25、e return to work until he had completely recovered.A.on all accounts B.on no account C.on any account D.on every accountDBv18._ as it was at such a time,his work attracted much attention.A.Being published B.Published C.Publishing D.To be publishedv19._ when she started complaining.A.Not until he arrived B.Hardly had he arrived C.No sooner had he arrived D.Scarcely did he arriveBB