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1、常见的高二英语知识点梳理精选高二英语知识点梳理Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,.youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法SayHi/Hello/Thankstosb.(forme)问候的句型Isanybodyseeingyouoff?进行时表将来Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow.unless引导条件状语从句,相当于if.notBystayinga
2、t.,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的状语从句Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldntmove.结果状语从句Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.过去分词作状语Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.现在分词作状语However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidntt
3、akelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法高二英语知识点归纳Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,.youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法SayHi/Hello/Thankstosb.(forme)问候的句型Isanybodyseeingyouoff?进行时表将来Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow.un
4、less引导条件状语从句,相当于if.notBystayingat.,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的状语从句Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldntmove.结果状语从句Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.过去分词作状语Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.现在分词作状语However,beforeshecouldthinkt
5、wice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidnttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法高二英语重要知识点汇总A:KeyWordsandExpressions:Whichofthenewsmediaaboveisthemostreliable?以上的新闻媒体中哪一种最可靠?reliableadj.可信赖的;可依靠的;确定的Theyarereliablefriends.他们是可信赖的朋友。Isthesourceoftheinformationreliable?那个消息的来源可靠吗?链接reliablyadv.可靠地;确实地rel
6、iabilityn.可靠性;可信赖性Themanwasfired.那个人被解雇了。fire的动词用法解雇,开除发射Hefiredhisgunatthebigsnake.他开枪打那条大蛇。激发(人、感情等),使充满热情Thestoryfiredhisimagination.这个激发了他的。Themanfaceddifficulties.facev.t.面临(困难等),应付,面对;(危险、困难等)迫近可与介词to/towards/on连用Wemustfaceourtroubleandbearit.我们必须正视我们的困难并勇于承受。Thehousefacessouth/thesouth/tothes
7、outh.那房子面朝南。Vt.面临(困难、危险等)Hefacedthedifficultywithcourage.Hefacedtheenemybravely.befacedwith面临,面对faceupto面对;承担facethemusic接受(不愉快的后果或情况)(对自己的行为结果)负起责任;接受批评)Iwasfacedwithanewproblem.我面临了新问题。Shecouldntfaceuptothefactthatshewasnolongeryoung.她无法面对自己不再年轻的现实。Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexaminationandhadtofa
8、cethemusic.那个男孩被发现考试作弊,不得不接受惩罚。Imustfacethemusicandacceptresponsibility.我一定接受批评并承担责任。Ifanythinggoeswrong,“is1whowillhavetofacethemusic.如果出了什么问题,负责任的是我。difficulty表示“难,困难”时用作不可数名词,表示“难题,难事”时用作可数名词。e.g.ShelearnedtospeakEnglishwithoutdifficulty.她毫无困难地学会了讲英语。Wewillfacemanydifficultiesinthefuture.将来我们要面临许
9、多难题。lminabitofadifficultyoverpayingmyrent.我对付房租有点困难,在下列句式或短语中,difficulty是不可数名词。have(much/no/1ittle)difficultywithsth.have/find(much/no/little)difficulty(in)doingsth.Thereis(no/1ittle/much)difficulty(in)doingsth.with/withoutdifficulty困难地/轻易地IdonthavemuchdifficultywithEnglishgrammar.我对学英语语法没什么困难。Sheha
10、dnodifficultyinfindingthehouse.她毫无困难地找到了那间房子。Thepatienthaddifficultybreathing.那个病人呼吸困难。Shefoundnodifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.她发现解决那个问题没什么困难。Therewaslittledifficultyinunderstandinghim.理解他的意思没什么困难。Shecalmedherdaughterwithsomedifficulty.她费了力气才使女儿平静下来。Hefinishedtheworkwithoutmuchdifficulty.他很轻松地完成了工作。
11、Themanwasgenerous.generousadj.慷慨的;大方的;宽容的;豁达的;丰富的,丰盛的e.g.Heisgenerouswithhismoney.他出手大方。Hegavemeagenerouslunch.他请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。链接generousadv.慷慨地generosityn.慷慨大方Belowisalistoftenthingsthathappenedtoday.以下列出了今天发生的十件事。本句为倒装句,正常语序应为:Alistoftenthingsthathappenedtodayisbelow.below看作副词,表示方位,当表示方位的状语或表语位于句首时,采
12、用全部倒装的结构,即把谓语动词的所有组成部分都移到主语之前。这类作状语或表语的词常见的有:away,down,in,off,out,over,up,above,below,here,there及介词短语与分词。Hereisaseatforyou.这儿有你的一个座位。Theregoesthebell!铃响了。Writtenontheblackboardarethenamesofthosewhowerelateyesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。Franceelectedanewpresident.electv.t.选举,推选e.g.Theyelectedapresident./Th
13、eyelectedhimasPresident.他们选举了总统。/他们选举他为总统。注意:若选举某人担任某职位,且该职位只有一个时,通常不用冠词。e.g.Ourclassmateselectedhimas/tobe/our/asourmonitor.Theyelectedtheoldmantobechairmanoftheclub.他们推选那位老人为俱乐部主席。辨析elect,pickout,chooseelect是指通过正式手续的选举。e.g.RooseveltwaselectedfourtimestothepresidencyoftheU.S.A.罗斯福四次当选为美国总统。choose通常
14、指在所提供的对象中,凭个人的判断力进行选择。e.g.Wehadtochoosebetweenleavingearlyandpayingforataxi.我们不得不在早点动身和雇计程车中间作出选择。Therearetentochoosefrom.pickout比较通俗,指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选,多用于有行的东西。e.g.Shepickedoutascarftowearwiththedress.她挑选了一条围巾以配上她穿的衣服。Foodpricesaregoingup.食品价格在上涨。goup上升,增长,提高e.g.Thetemperaturehasgoneup.Theliftwentuptot
15、hefourthfloor.电梯升到了四楼。8.Ahouseinyourcityburntdown.Nobodywasinjured.你们镇上一座房子被烧毁。无人员伤亡。burndown烧毁;使烧毁【强调破坏性】;(由于燃料烧尽)火力减弱Thesehouseswereburntdowntotheground.这些房子被烧毁。Thefireisburningdown,getsomemorecoalplease.比较burnup烧尽,烧光【强调动作的结果】;(火,炉等)烧起来,旺起来e.g.Putsomewoodonthefireandmakeitburnup.injurev.t.使受伤;损害,伤
16、害(感情)Sheinjuredherselfwhileskating.她在滑冰时受了伤。Theearthquakekilled2000peopleandinured3000。地震造成2000人死亡,3000人受伤。Hegotbadlyinuredintheaccident.在这次事故中他受了重伤。Theinjuredweretakentohospital.伤员被送往医院。Smokingwillinureyourhealth.吸烟会损害你的健康。Ihopeldidntinureherfeelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。Herrefusalinuredhispride.她拒绝了他,伤了他的自
17、尊心。辨析injure,wound,hurt,harm的区别:injure伤害,损害(感情),损害(名誉)。普通用词,常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害。多指事故中人或物的损伤,包括容貌、生理、身体等。e.g.Inthetrafficaccident,twowerekilledandthreegetinjured.在交通事故中,两人遇难,三人受伤。Hewassoinjuredinhispridethathestayedathomealldaywithoutmeetinganyone.他的自尊受到了如此的伤害以至于他成天待在家里,不见外人。wound使受伤,伤害,损害,主要指外界暴力或用武器造成
18、身体上较重的伤害,像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。多指战场上受伤,还可以指精神上的创伤。e.g.Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedinthehead.这个士兵头部受了重伤。Thebulletwoundedhisarm.子弹打伤了他的胳膊。hurt伤害(感情)。普通用词,没有injure正式,常用于口语。多用于有生命的东西常指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词,表“疼痛”。e.g.Luckilynoonewasseriouslyhurtinthecaraccident.Thegirlfelloffherbike,andoneofherlegshurt.harm常
19、用于口语,表示肉体或精神上的伤害均可以,有时可引起不安,不便。e.g.Therewasafireinourstreet,butnoonewasharmed.Gettingupearlywontharmyou!早起对你没有害处。Newspapersandothermediadomorethansimplyrecordwhathappens.报纸和其他媒介并不仅仅记录已发生的事情。该句中的do是助动词,起强调作用,用以加强说话者的语气。e.g.DoremembertoremindmetoreturnthebookIborrowedfromyou.morethan不仅仅;极为,非常;多于;难以;不能
20、e.g.Shesmorethanateachertous.Theboymorethansmiledbutlaughed.这男孩不仅是微笑,而是放声大笑了。Wearemorethanpleasedwiththeresults.我们对结果极为满意。Hehasmorethan300pictures.Thisroomisthreetimelargerthanthatone.这个房间比那个房间大两倍。TheoldmanistwotimesolderthanIam.这个老人的年龄比我大一倍。ThatismorethanIcantell.那是怎么回事我实在难说。morethan+数词,意为“以上;多于;有余
21、”。Morethan20clubmembersattendedthemeeting.有20多个俱乐部成员出席会议。morethan+名词,意为“不只;不仅仅”。PeaceismuchmorethantheabsenceOfwar.和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。morethan+形容词或副词,意为“非常;十分;更加;岂止”。Heismorethanselfish.他非常自私。Iammorethanhappytohearthat.听到这我非常高兴。Herperformancewasmorethangood;itwasperfect.她的表演岂止是好,简直是完美无缺。morethan+动词,意为“十分
22、;大大地;不仅仅”。Hemorethansmiled;helaughedoutright.他岂止是微笑,他简直是大笑了。morethan.”can/could,意为“不能”。ThebeautyofHangzhouismorethanwordscandescribe.杭州之美是语言所不能描述的。Thatsmorethanlcantellyou,Sir.这一点我是不能告诉您的,先生。Experiencededitorsandreportersmakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhateventstoreportandhowtoreportthem.丰富的编辑和记者对于该报道什么事
23、件以及如何报道作出明智的决定。句中的experienced(富有经验的)和informed(见识广的,有知识的)都是动词的过去分词作定词,修饰动词。单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词前面。e.g.afallentree一棵倒下的树abrokenchair一把破椅子stolenculturalrelics被盗的文物informedadj.明智的,有知识的,了解情况的e.g.Heisawell-informedman.他是个消息灵通的人。inform的用法:informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事informsb.that/wh-告知某人informsb.+疑问词+不定式e.g.Th
24、esingerinformedusoftheirarrival.歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们。Thenurseinformedmethatvisitinghourswereover.护士告诉我探病时间已经结束了。Whoinformedyouwhentostart?是谁告诉你们出发时间的?Theyalsomakesurethatreaderscanrelatetothestories.他们还要确保报道的内容与读者的生活密切相关。relatev.i.&v.t(和)相关;涉及;把与关联起来e.g.Itisdifficulttorelatethetwocases.很难把两个案子联系起来。Wesho
25、uldlearntorelatetheresultstothecauses.我们应该学会把结果与原因联系起来看问题。Lightindustryiscloselyrelatedtothepeopleslife.轻工业与人们的生活有密切的关系。12.Thetworeportersagreedtoswitchrolesforonceandbetheintervieweesratherthantheinterviewersinordertoletusknowabouttheirworkandhowthenewswereadinmade.两位记者同意交换角色,作一次受访者而不是采访者,让我们了解他们的工
26、作,了解我们读到的新闻是怎样制作和编写出来的。switchv.转换,改变e.g.Heisalwaysswitchingjobs.他总变换工作。Heswitchedtherecordertothe“off”position.他将录音机拧到“关”的位置。foronce就这(那)一次e.g.Foroncetheybroketherule.这一次,他们违规了。Foronceourmanagercamelate.我们的经理这次来晚了。Hebeatmeforonce.他只有一次赢了我。ratherthan而不是;而没有”ratherthan很像一个连词,前后常用一种平行结构,即前面用名词,后面也跟名词;前
27、面用动词原形,后也要接动词即要求前后成分要一致。Hedecidedtowritetoratherthan(to)phone.他决定写信而不打电话了。Idliketogothereinautumnratherthaninsummer.我愿意秋天去那里而不愿意夏天去。Hewasengaginginwritingaletterratherthanreadinganewspaper.他正忙着写信而不是看报纸。Heisanartistratherthanapolitician.他是一位艺术家,而不是政治家。Thecolourseemsgreenratherthanblue.颜色好像是绿的,不是蓝的。It
28、oughttobeyouratherthanmethatsigntheletter.是你而不是我应该在这封信上签字。,Theywerescreamingratherthansinging.他们在尖叫,而不是在。Hewasengagedinwritingratherthanreadingthenewspaper.他在忙着写东西。而不是在读报纸。Shetelephonedratherthanwrote.她打了电话,而没有写信。Iamgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair,ratherthancausetrouble.我打算把整个事情忘掉,而不是打算惹麻烦。ratherthan后接动
29、词不定式时,可省略不定式符号to.Shelikestokeepthingsratherthan(to)throwthemaway.Ratherthangothere,Idprefertostayhereonmyown.Aftertheinterview,thereportermustpresentthematerialinanorganizedwayandmakesurethatthearticlereflectseventsandopinionstruthfully.采访后,记者一定要提交出组织严密的材料,并确保的真实反映事实和舆论。presentvt.呈现;描述;介绍;赠送e.g.When
30、willyoupresentyourreport?你什么时候提出?Thegovernmentpresentedcarstothehospitals.政府向医院赠送了一些车。AllowmetopresentMr.Browntoyou.请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。reflectvt.反映;表现;反射;映出Thisletterissuretoreflectourrealopinion.这封信会反映出我们的真实意见。Doesthisletterreflectyourrealopinions?这封信反映出了你真正的观点吗?Herfacereflectedhowangryshewas.她的脸表示出她多么生
31、气。vt.反射;回响Thewaterreflectedthesunlight.日光反射在水面上。Themirrorreflectedtheheat.那面镜子反射热气。Mirrorsreflectlight.镜子能反射光线。vt.映出;照出Thelakereflectedthetrees.湖面映现着树木的影像。Shewaslookingatherfacereflectedinthemirror.她看着自己在镜中映出的脸MyfavouritearticleistheoneIwroteabouttheeffortstobringstolenculturalrelicsbacktoChina.我最喜欢
32、的文章是我写的一篇关于如何努力把被盗的文物带回中国。(1)本句中的one是代词,用来指代article。one常用来代替前文提到的一种可数的事物。e.g.Ihaventapen.Canyoulendmeone?指代可数名词复数用ones。e.g.Onthedeskthereisaredpencilandtwoblackones.(2)effortn.U,C努力;艰难的尝试;努力的结果e.g.Hediditwithouteffort.他毫不费力地完成那件事短语makeaneffort努力,尽力sparenoeffort不遗余力15.Iwanttowriteaboutpeopleyouseldom
33、readabout,forexamplepeoplewhohaveAIDSorwhoareaddictedtodrugs.我想报道那些你们很少能了解的人,如艾滋病患者或者是染上毒瘾的人。seldomadv.很少;不常;难得扩展表示否定意义的状语位于句首时,句子通常采用倒装句。e.g.Seldomdoeshequarrelwithothers.NeverdidIdreamofseeinghiminAmerica.一些孩子玩电脑游戏/看电视上了瘾。HeisaddictedtopracticingChineseGongfu.他醉心于练习中国功夫。Weshouldntignorewhathappens
34、evenifitisdifficultforpeopletoacceptsomestories.即使人们对一些现象很难接受,我们也不应该无视眼前发生的事情。ignorev.t.不理睬;忽视e.g.Youshouldntignoreyourfathersadvice.你不该无视父亲的忠告。Itriedtotellherbutsheignoredme.我打算告诉她,可是她不理睬我。evenif/eventhough即使,尽管job.e.g.Theyoungmandidntloseheartevenifhehadfailedmanytimesinfindinga这个年轻人没有放弃,尽管他多次未能找到
35、工作。Themediacanoftenhelpsolveproblemsanddrawattentionstosituationswherehelpisneeded.媒介常可帮助解决难题,使人们关注需要得到帮助的情况。drawattentionto关注某事draw/attractonesattention引起某人的注意e.g.Thisarticlewilldrawattentiontofarmersandagriculture.这篇文章奖让人关注农民和农业问题。Thefallenleavesdrew/attractedtheworkersattention.这些落叶引起了那个工人的注意。Hed
36、rewmyattentiontoamistakeinmyhomework.他要我注意作业中的一处错误。Theresultisabetterunderstandingoftheworldonallsides,leadingtoafutureworldwherepeoplefromallcountriesarerespectedanddifferentviewsandopinionsaretolerated.结果会使人们更好地了解世界地各个方面,给人们带来一个人人受到尊重,不同观念得到包容地未来世界。onallsides(=oneveryside)在各方面,四面八方e.g.Theyweretrap
37、pedwithenemiesonallsides.他们四面楚歌。Theenemywereattackingonallsides.敌人从四面八方发起进攻。toleratev.t.容忍,忍受,允许e.g.Icanttoleratethatloudmusic/thatkindofbehavior.我无法忍受那么响的音乐/那种行径。Cheatingonexamscantbetolerated.考试作弊是不能容忍的。Iwouldnotbelieveit,butImightcheckothersourcesandmaybechangemymind.changeonesmind改变主意e.g.Sincege
38、ttingtoknowhimbetter,Ihavechangedmymindabouthim.更深入地了解以后,我改变了我对他地看法。相关短语bear/keepinmind记住call/bringtomind使人想起outofonesmind精神错乱,发狂nevermind不要紧,没关系havesth.inmind记得某事,想起某事Famouspeopleareoftenaskedfortheiropinionsoncurrentaffairs.名人经常接受采访、被问及对时事地看法currentaffairs当前的事件;时事affairs复数形式表示“重要事件,事务”(常用复数形式,且一般不
39、与定冠词连用)e.g.TheministerdealswithimportantaffairsofState.这位大臣处理重要的国务。currentadj.此刻的,现时的,当前的e.g.currentfashions时装currentevents时事Nineoutoftenwomenwhowereinterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.nineoutoften(=nineinten)百分之九十e.g.Nineoutoftenpeoplewillnotagreewithyou.也可以说Fouroutofthetenchildrentherecangot
40、oschool.在那里十个孩子中只有四个可以上学。AndIlikethewaythefanslookuptothem.lookupto尊敬,敬仰(反义:lookdownon轻视,看不起)Theyoungshouldlookuptotheold.年轻人应该尊敬老人。Schoolboysusuallylookuptogreatathletes.学生通常尊敬伟大的运动员。Heisafinechap.Ivealwayslookeduptohim.他是个好小伙子,我一直尊敬他。WeshouldlookuptohimasanexampleOfdevotiontoduty.我们应该尊敬他,把他作为尽心尽职的
41、典范。Americanswillfallinlovewiththisgametoo.fallinlovewith爱上(表示动作,不延续)e.g.Ifellinlovewithheratfirstsight.我对她一见钟情。Shefellinlovewiththehouseassoonasshesawit.比较beinlove(with)相爱,喜欢(表示延续状态)e.g.Ifyourereallyinlovewithart,youdontmindhardwork.Braveandstrong,theactiviststalkedtoworkersoutsidethefactorybraveand
42、strong是形容词作状语,形容词或形容词短语作状语,通常说明主语行为的原因、方式、伴随状况等。e.g.Coldandhungry,hedecidedtostopandhavearest.(表原因)又冷又饿,他决定停下来休息一会儿。Ripe,theorangestastesweet.(表方式)这些橘子熟了,味道甜美。armv.t.武装,用武器装备Therobberwasarmed.那个强盗有武器。Thesoldierswerearmedtoteeth.士兵们武装到牙齿armoneselfwith.“装备;以为武器”Theyarmedthemselveswithmachineguns.他们装备了
43、机关枪。Thecrowdarmedthemselveswithsticksandstones.那些群众以棍棒和石头当武器。bearmed(with)“武装起来;有武器”Heisarmedtotheteeth.他全副武装。Therobberwasarmed.那强盗有武器。Thewarshipisarmedwithnuclearweapons.那艘战舰有核武器。n.(常用复数)武器;兵器amanofarms战士Thepeoplewerequicktotakeuparmstodefendtheirfreedom.那些人迅速拿起武器保卫他们的自由。Imsuretheywontfeeldisappoin
44、ted.disappointv.t.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointedadj.失望的e.g.Thebookdisappointedme.这本书令我失望。Thenewswasreallydisappointing.那个消息真令人感到失望。Areyouverydisappointedaboutlosingthegame?你是不是因为比赛输了而感到很失望?27.informvt.通知;告知常用于句式:informsb.ofsth.Iinformedhermotherofhersafearrival.我通知她母亲她已平安抵达。Shereturnedandinfo
45、rmedusoftheirdecision.她回来告知我们她们的决定。后可接从句作宾语。Wewereinformedthatabigfirehadbrokenoutinthenexttown.我们获知邻镇发生了大火。HisletterinformedushowandwhenhewasexpectedtoarriveinBeijing.他来信通知我们他预定来北京的时间和搭乘什么交通工具。常用于被动语态或复合结构中。HashebeeninformedOfhisfathersdeathyet?告知他父亲去世的消息了吗?PleasekeepmeinformedOffreshdevelopments.请
46、随时告知我最新的进展情况。28.relatevi.把联系起来relateto/with把.与.联系起来Itisdifficulttorelatetheseresultswith/toanyknowncause.很难把这些结果与任何已知的原因联系起来。Icantrelatewhathedoestowhathesays.我无法把他做的与他说的联系在一起。常用于被动语态:berelatedto“与有关系”Hisfearofpeopleisdeeplyrelatedtohisunhappychildhood.他对人的畏惧和他不幸的童年有着密切的关系。Physicsiscloselyrelatedtom
47、athematics.物理学与数学有着密切的关系。vi.有关;涉及;常与介词t。连用。Iwanttoaskyouaquestionthatrelatestopolitics.我想问你一个有关政治的问题。Thatdoesnotrelatetohim.这并不涉及他。Thisletterrelatestothesaleofthehouse.这封信有关那房子的销售。29.toleratevt.忍受;容忍Icanttolerateyourbadmannersanymore.我再也不能容忍你的不礼貌了。Shedidnttoleratehisselfishness.她不容许他的自私。Howcanyoutoleratethatrudefellow?你怎能忍受那个粗野的家伙?tolerate(sb./ones)doingsth.“容忍(某人)做某事”Iwonttolerateyou/yourcheatingintheexam.我不会容许你考试作弊。Thegovernmenttoleratessmokinganddrinkingbutnottakingdrugs.政府允许吸烟喝酒但不允许吸毒。B:过去分词在句中可承担形容词和副词在句中的作用,充当定语和表语。1.过去分词作定语在句中的位置单个的过去分词作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面;过去分词短