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1、Exercise 9_1送给大家送给大家(dji)四句话：四句话：1.有始有终有始有终 2.制定计划制定计划3.笑到最后笑到最后4.享受成功享受成功第一页，共204页。英语辅导安排：英语辅导安排：1.考试重点题型讲解与练习考试重点题型讲解与练习(linx)语法语法 阅读阅读 完形填空完形填空 翻译翻译 写作写作2.综合练习综合练习(linx)3.考前模拟考前模拟4.真题实战真题实战 第二页，共204页。第一章第一章 主谓一致主谓一致(yzh)1.某些并列结构作主语某些并列结构作主语(zhy)的主谓一致的主谓一致 由由and或或bothand连接两个单数名词作主语连接两个单数名词作主语(zhy)
2、时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用 （？）Mary and Jane compete with each other for the first time.Honesty and generosity _ the virtues that make him popular with girls.A.were B.was C.are D.is 复数复数(fsh)形式形式e.g.e.g.Use ItUse It第三页，共204页。2.由由and连接的两个名词连接的两个名词(mng c)指的是同一个指的是同一个人、物时人、物时（后面的名词（后面的名词(mng c)不带冠词），谓语动词用不带冠词），谓语动词
3、用单数。单数。Ice cream and cake is my favorite desert.The assistant and graduate student _ check the exercise books.A.help B.helping C.helps D.to helpEach soldier and sailor _ given a gun.A.were B.was C.have been D.areUse ItUse Ite.g.e.g.第四页，共204页。The eighth and the last chapter _(be)written by Peter.3.由由
4、not onlybut(also),eitheror,neithernor 或或 or 连接的并列主语连接的并列主语(zhy)，通常采通常采 用就近原则，谓语动词的人称和数与最靠近用就近原则，谓语动词的人称和数与最靠近 它的名词或代词的人称和数一致它的名词或代词的人称和数一致.e.g.Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.Not only the manager but also the workers object to the plan.are第五页，共204页。4.主语后有主语后有“as well as,along with,to
5、gether with,including,in addition to,besides,accompanied by,as much as,more than,no less than”等引起的介词等引起的介词(jic)短语表示伴随的人或物时，谓语动词的单复数形短语表示伴随的人或物时，谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词组前面的主语的单复数而定。式由这些词组前面的主语的单复数而定。e.g.Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes.This man along with his sons always catches the largest fish
6、.A doctor,together with two nurses,_ sent to that faraway mountain village to help the sick people.A.have B.have been C.has D.has been 第六页，共204页。5.主语是集合主语是集合(jh)名词，如果代表一个整体，谓语动名词，如果代表一个整体，谓语动词就词就 用单数；如果代表整体中的每个成员，谓语动词则用单数；如果代表整体中的每个成员，谓语动词则 用复数。此类集体名词有：用复数。此类集体名词有：army,audience,class,board，club,comm
7、ittee,company,government,majority,staff,team,jury,faculty,public 等。等。e.g.The crowd was an orderly one.The crowd were fighting for their lives.Use It The committee _(be)composed of 30 members.The committee _(have)different opinions on this problem.is have 第七页，共204页。|用作复数的集合名词作主语，谓语用作复数的集合名词作主语，谓语(wiy
8、)用复用复数。数。|police,people,cattle,youth等。等。|通常做不可数名词的集合名词，作主语，谓语通常做不可数名词的集合名词，作主语，谓语(wiy)用单数。用单数。furniture,equipment,luggage,poetry,clothing,underwear,stationery等。等。第八页，共204页。6.带数词的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致带数词的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致 表示金钱、重量、距离、时间等复数名词作主表示金钱、重量、距离、时间等复数名词作主 语时，常看作一个整体，谓语语时，常看作一个整体，谓语(wiy)动词用单动词用单数形式。数形式。e.g
9、.Eight hours of sleep is enough.Twenty dollars is too much to pay.Use It Two hundred miles _ a long distance to cover in two hours even by a fast car.A.are B.is C.have D.had 第九页，共204页。7.主语主语(zhy)是不定式、动名词或从句，谓语是不定式、动名词或从句，谓语动词通常用单数。动词通常用单数。e.g.To become doctors is their ambition.Reading without compr
10、ehension is no good.What the country needs is more jobs and lower taxes.第十页，共204页。8.下列不定代词作主语或修饰下列不定代词作主语或修饰(xish)主语时，谓语用主语时，谓语用单数单数:each,every,one,either of,many a,more than one,anyone,something,what,whatever,little 等。等。e.g.Everybody is here.One of my friends needs some help.Many a college student
11、wishes to return to the easy days of high school.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.What you said is quite to the point.More than one person is involved in this case.比较：比较：More than one hundred men and women are working in this factory.第十一页，共204页。Use It 1)Each
12、 of the students _ to take the medical examination.A.have been asked B.has been asked C.asking D.be asked2)Many a boy _ tried,but few _ succeeded.A.have;have B.have;has C.has;has D.has;have第十二页，共204页。9.“the+形容词形容词/-ed分词分词”作主语，如果表示一作主语，如果表示一类人，谓语类人，谓语(wiy)用复数。如果指个人或抽用复数。如果指个人或抽象概念，谓语象概念，谓语(wiy)用单数。用单
13、数。e.g.The young are full of vigor.The injured were taken to the hospital.10.以以-ics 结尾的学科名词和表示疾病的名词结尾的学科名词和表示疾病的名词作主语，谓语作主语，谓语(wiy)用单数。用单数。e.g.Physics is very important.第十三页，共204页。11.定语定语(dngy)从句中的主谓一致从句中的主谓一致 在在one of+复数名词复数名词+定语定语(dngy)从句结构中，从句结构中，从句中的谓语用复数形式。从句中的谓语用复数形式。e.g.Mary is one of those pe
14、ople who always think they are wrong.当当one前面有前面有the only修饰时，定语修饰时，定语(dngy)从从句中的谓语用单数。句中的谓语用单数。She is the only one of those girls who is willing is take the responsibility.第十四页，共204页。12.有一些以有一些以-s结尾的单复数同形的名词，如结尾的单复数同形的名词，如means，series，species，deer，sheep等，等，谓语谓语(wiy)动词的使用取决于名词所表达的意动词的使用取决于名词所表达的意义。义。e
15、.g.The only means to defeat them is to take a military action.All the means have been tried.Use It A new species of mammal has/have been found.All together,about 500 species of fish is/are known to us.第十五页，共204页。Exercises 1)Neither they nor I _ going to the party.A.am B.is C.are D.being 2)Many a man
16、 _ that life is empty without any purpose.A.think B.have thought C.thinks D.are thinking 3)Neither the principal of the school nor the teachers _ long hair.A.favors B.favor C.is favoring D.are favoring 第十六页，共204页。4)His knowledge of languages and international relations _ him in his work.A.help B.hel
17、ps C.was helped D.have helped5)_ of the two football teams scored a goal so the final result was a draw.A.No one B.Neither C.None D.Not any 6)Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who _.A.votes B.vote C.voting D.are voting 7)The singer and dancer _ our evening.A.is to attend B.was a
18、ttend C.were to attend D.are attend 第十七页，共204页。8)Either of the children _ quite capable of looking after the baby.A.are B.is C.be D.have been 9)The glass works _ in 1992.A.is built B.are built C.was built D.were built10)Neither the clerks nor the manager(know)_ anything about the accident now.11)Dr.
19、Richard,together with his wife and three children,(be)_ to arrive in Beijing this afternoon.12)Both of the twin brothers(be)_ capable of doing technical work at present.C knows is are B第十八页，共204页。13)Are the new rules working?Yes._ books are stolen.(03年真题年真题)A.Few B.More C.Some D.None 14)None of the
20、students arrived on time,_?(01年年真题真题)A.did he B.didnt he C.did they D.didnt they15)The number of the students who can attend this course _ fifteen.(01年真题年真题)A.have B.has C.are D.is 16)Another five weeks _ necessary for us to finish the work.(02年真题年真题)A.are B.has been C.is D.will have been17)_ told u
21、s that he was not there.(02年真题年真题)A.None B.None of anyone C.No anyone D.No one A D C A D第十九页，共204页。第二章 倒装(do zhun)倒装分为两种倒装分为两种:全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装的结构为：副词全部倒装的结构为：副词+谓语动词谓语动词+主语主语 部分倒装的结构为：助动词部分倒装的结构为：助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语+动词动词+其其 他成分他成分哪些哪些(nxi)副词出现在句首时，句子采用全部倒装？副词出现在句首时，句子采用全部倒装？表示方位的副词：表示方位的副词：in，o
22、ut，away,down,off,up等等here,there,then,now,thus,first,next 等等e.g.Down poured the rain.Out rushed the tiger from the bushes.Here comes the teacher with a book in her hand.Along the lake stands a big tower.There stands at the corner a monument.第二十页，共204页。|当主语为人称当主语为人称(rnchng)代词是，不用倒装。代词是，不用倒装。|There he
23、comes.Here you are.|部分倒装部分倒装|1.当某些具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首是，句子当某些具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首是，句子采用部分倒装。结构为：否定词采用部分倒装。结构为：否定词/短语短语+助动词助动词/情态动情态动词词+主语主语+动词动词+其他成分其他成分|常见的否定词：常见的否定词：never，seldom,little,rarely,scarcely,hardly,nowhere 等等|常见的否定短语：常见的否定短语：in no case,by no means,at no time,under no circumstance,no soonerthan,ha
24、rdly/scarcely/barelywhen,not until,not only but also 等等第二十一页，共204页。e.g.Never before have I seen such a beautiful painting.Little did I know about repairing a computer.By no means will he give in to difficulties.Not only does she have a first class brain,but she is also a very hard worker.No sooner h
25、ad we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to have a rest.第二十二页，共204页。2.在并列句中，在并列句中，so(肯定肯定),neither（否定（否定(fudng)）,nor（否定（否定(fudng)）引导的省略句，采用倒引导的省略句，采用倒装。装。I dont quite like beef.Nor _ my little son.He is nervous when being interviewed and so _ his classmate.Society has changed and so _
26、the people in it.does is have第二十三页，共204页。3.在由在由as引导引导(yndo)的让步状语从句中，通常将形的让步状语从句中，通常将形容词、副词等置于句首，形成倒装。容词、副词等置于句首，形成倒装。Young as he is,he knows a lot about everything around him.Much as I tried to persuade her,she still insisted on driving by herself.Child though he is,he is an expert in computer.4.句首状
27、语为句首状语为only时，句子采用部分倒装。时，句子采用部分倒装。Only later did he realize that it was his fault.Only when you have obtained enough data can you come to a sound conclusion.第二十四页，共204页。5.so/suchthat句型中，句型中，so和和such置于句首，句子采置于句首，句子采用用(ciyng)部分倒装部分倒装 So hard had he been working that he fell down with a fever.Such was t
28、he earthquake that the city was completely destroyed.6.虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装。虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装。7.However引导的让步状语从句中的倒装。引导的让步状语从句中的倒装。However great the risk may be,we must do our best to succeed.However much advice you give him,he does exactly what he wants.第二十五页，共204页。8.the more,the more句型句型(j xn)e.g.The harder yo
29、u study,the better results you can get.You study harder,you can get better results.The more harder you study,the more better results you can get.9.宾语从句中的倒装宾语从句中的倒装 I dont know where I should get off.第二十六页，共204页。倒装倒装(do zhun)练习练习 Exercises 1.Since Dick was busy,he rarely had time to go to the cinema;
30、_.A.Jane did too.B.Jane didnt as well.C.So did Jane.D.Nor did Jane2.So _ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A.excited the mother was B.was the mother excited C.the mother was excited D.excited was the mother D D第二十七页，共204页。3.Scarcely _ such an exciting movie
31、.A.have I ever seen B.saw I C.I have ever seen D.I saw4.Scarcely had they settle themselves in their seats in the cinema _ it is composed.A.when B.have been C.are D.was 5.Jim doesnt like American beer,_ does Anna.A.so B.neither C.either D.also A A B第二十八页，共204页。6.Not for a moment _ the truth of your
32、explanation about the event.A.we have doubted B.did we doubt C.we had doubted D.doubted we 7.So loudly _ that people could hear it out in the street.A.did the students play the music.B.the student playing the music C.the students played the music D.have the students played the music B A第二十九页，共204页。8
33、.Not until quite recently _ any idea of what a guided rocket is like.A.did I have B.do I have C.should I have D.would I have 9._ that our knocking could not wake him up.A.So deeply he slept B.So deeply did he sleep C.Did he sleep so deeply D.Deeply he slept A B第三十页，共204页。10.Little _ that the police
34、are about to arrest him.A.he knows B.he doesnt know C.does he know D.doesnt he know 11._ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily.A.No sooner have they B.No sooner had they C.No sooner they have D.No sooner they had C B第三十一页，共204页。12.Not only _ us light,but it gives us heat.A.the sun gives B.h
35、as the sun given C.the sun has given D.does the sun give 13.Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments _ in solving the problem.A.they succeeded B.they had succeeded C.did they succeed D.would they succeed 14.The more I learn,the more I realize _.A.how little I dont know B.how few I know
36、C.how little I know D.how few I dont know B C C第三十二页，共204页。15.Only by reading extensively(广泛广泛(gungfn)_ your horizons(视野视野)of knowledge.A.so you can widen B.you may widen C.can you widen D.you will widen 16._ interesting to us,but also its English will help us in composition.A.Not only the novel wil
37、l be B.Not only will be the novel C.Only will the novel be D.Not only will the novel be C D第三十三页，共204页。17.Not only _ be interesting to us,but also its English will help us in composition.A.the novel is B.is the novel C.will the novel D.the novel will 18.By no means _ look down upon the poor.A.we sha
38、ll B.we shall C.should we D.we should 19.Only by a complete understanding of the web _ hope for people to grasp its full potential.A.can there be B.can be there C.be there can D.there can be B C A第三十四页，共204页。20.The harder the scrub is to grow,_.A.the higher price it is B.the higher price it would ha
39、ve C.the higher the price is D.the higher is price 21.Rarely _ such a silly thing.A.have I heard of B.have heard I of C.I heard of D.I have heard of22._,he managed to find time to go to see a doctor.A.As he is B.As he was busy C.Busy as he was D.Busy as he is C A C 第三十五页，共204页。Translation Any academ
40、ic breakthrough,brilliant as it may be,does not automatically ensure that it can be applied to practice.A.学术上的任何成就，无论杰出与否，都不能确保它可学术上的任何成就，无论杰出与否，都不能确保它可以自动地用于实践。以自动地用于实践。B.学科学科(xuk)上的任何成果，除非它辉煌灿烂，否则不上的任何成果，除非它辉煌灿烂，否则不能自动地用于实践。能自动地用于实践。C.任何学术上的突破，或许本身很卓越，也并非自然而任何学术上的突破，或许本身很卓越，也并非自然而然地就可用于实践。然地就可用于实践
41、。A第三十六页，共204页。第三章第三章 虚拟语气虚拟语气1.虚拟语气的基本形式虚拟语气的基本形式与现在事实与现在事实(shsh)相反相反 If 过去时，过去时，would do 与过去事实与过去事实(shsh)相反相反 If 过去完成时，过去完成时，would have done与将来事实与将来事实(shsh)相反相反 If过去时，过去时，should+动词原形，动词原形，were to+动词原形，动词原形，would do e.g.If there were no air,we should not live on earth.If it had not been for your hel
42、p,he would not have succeeded.第三十七页，共204页。1)If you had told me earlier,I _ like that.(03年真题年真题)A.would not do B.would not have done C.would do D.will not do2)If he _ to come tomorrow,I would tell him everything.(01年真题年真题)A.was B.is C.were D.be B C第三十八页，共204页。2.省略省略(shngl)if 的虚拟语气的虚拟语气if 可以省略可以省略(shn
43、gl)，将，将had,were 或或should 提前。提前。e.g.If it had not been for your help,he would not have succeeded.省略省略(shngl)if后，句子变为：后，句子变为：Had it not been for your help,Use it If he were to leave today,he would get there by Sunday.Were he to leave today,第三十九页，共204页。1)Had he worked harder,he _ the exams.A.must have
44、got through B.would have got through C.would get through D.could get through2)_ before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have wonderful dinner party.A.Had they arrived B.Would they arrive C.Were they to arrive D.Were they arriving 3)The business is risky.But _,we would be rich.A.should we s
45、ucceed B.might we succeed C.would we succeed D.could we succeed B C A第四十页，共204页。3.混合时态的虚拟语气混合时态的虚拟语气 主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致：从句与过去事实相反主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致：从句与过去事实相反(xingfn),主句与现在（或将来）事实相反主句与现在（或将来）事实相反(xingfn)。e.g.If you had followed my advice(in the past),you would be leading a happy life(now).Use It 1)If the w
46、eather had been more favorable,the crops _ still better.A.should have grown B.would be grown C.would be growing D.could be grown2)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he _ our chairman now.A.would have been B.must have been C.were D.would be C D第四十一页，共204页。4.with,without,but for,und
47、er引导的含蓄虚拟引导的含蓄虚拟(xn)语语气气虚拟虚拟(xn)条件句不通过条件句不通过if句明显表达出来，而是隐含在句明显表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中。副词、介词短语或上下文中。e.g.1）But for the common ground,they wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily.2)Without the storm,they should have arrived much earlier.3)Under such circumstances,I would probably have done the same
48、.第四十二页，共204页。Use It 1)Nelson _ the fight,with a little more training and a better manager.A.would win B.had won C.could have won D.won 2)_the fog,we should have reached our destination(目的地目的地)in time.A.Because of B.In spite of C.In case of D.But for 3)_ better equipment and more funds,we could have
49、done the experiment better.A.For B.Like C.With D.To C D C第四十三页，共204页。5.由由otherwise，or 或或 but（重点（重点(zhngdin)）引导的虚）引导的虚拟语气拟语气 I ought to have bought a gift for you,but I was too busy to do that.He wasnt feeling well,otherwise he wouldnt have left the meeting.Use It 1)We didnt know his telephone number
50、;otherwise we _ him.A.would have telephoned B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephoned 2)She _ plumper(较丰满较丰满),but she ate too little.(04年真题年真题)A.can grow B.can have grown C.could grow D.could have grown A D第四十四页，共204页。6.宾语从句宾语从句(cn j)中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气(表示建议、要求、命令表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词之后等意义的动词之后)