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1、Chinese Abacus -the oldest calculating machine in the worldGroup 3第一页，共16页。Chinese AbacusAn abacus is essentially an array of beads threaded on string or held in grooves,with each row representing a different digit.第二页，共16页。Chinese Abacus第三页，共16页。Chinese AbacusUNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scien
2、tific and Cultural Organization)claimed that Chinese abacus become alternate item on the Non-material cultural heritage list on 31st Oct.2013.They also said that Chinese abacus was called the oldest calculating machine in the world.第四页，共16页。Chinese AbacusThis picture shows the common abacus we used
3、to see.Look at it,which remind me of my first abacus when I was a child.Actually abacuses often turn up in Chinese literature,just as we used to say“he calculates on an abacus jingle jingle”“he is smart by the means of calculating on the abacus”.We also often see the pictures of a bookkeeper calcula
4、ting on the abacus from TV or films.第五页，共16页。That is to say the businessman calculate well so that he gains much money.Chinese Abacus“Once sound abacus ringing,there is a ton of gold.”“An abacus to his waist”It sounds irony and means that he just calculate his personal tip.“A little abacus”If a pers
5、on just considers for himself,we will say he has a little abacus.第六页，共16页。Chinese Abacus“Irony abacus”“Irony abacus”means“greedy for money”“Dirty abacus”“Dirty abacus”means full of dirty tricks.“Wishful abacus”“Wishful abacus”means wishful thoughts.第七页，共16页。How long history does abacus has?Chinese A
6、bacusAccording to UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization),abacus has 1800 years of history.But it maybe wrong,because there isnt any evidence to prove it.And it maybe longer according to the legend.第八页，共16页。Chinese AbacusDuring the Spring and Autumn Period,Wu and Yue
7、competed for the overlord.Fuchai,the king of Wu was dead and then the king of Yue,Gouqian,won.But just because of his competitors death?Of course not.We have to mention a beauty Xi Shi,one of the four beauties in Chinese history.She was Yues minister Fan Lis wife.But she was sent to Wu as a tool of
8、honey trap.第九页，共16页。Chinese AbacusWhen the war came to over,Xi Shi went back home and decided with his husband to leave the king to do business.As a result,they earned much money,but dont know how to calculate.According to the legend,her husband Fan Li made a lot of clay balls.Then Xi Shi put the cl
9、ay balls on bamboo sticks,and every five balls marked a notation,in which way they count clearly.As everyone knows that Fan Li,also called Zhu Gong,was a millionaire in Chineses history.第十页，共16页。Chinese AbacusAnother legend said it was Confucius who invented the abacus.His wife helped him thread bea
10、ds on string.So actually the inventor of abacus was Confuciuss wife.However,as for the two legends,neither of them was convincing.第十一页，共16页。Chinese Abacus第十二页，共16页。Chinese AbacusThis is a piece of famous painting called Riverside Scene at Qing Ming Festival from Song Dynasty,from which you can see a
11、bacus.Therefore,at latest abacus appeared in the end of Tang Dynasty,at least 1200-year history from now.第十三页，共16页。Chinese AbacusWho invented abacus rhymes?In the Ming Dynasty,there were so many businessmen in Hui Zhou.And one of the famous businessmen was Cheng Dawei,who invented all the systematic
12、 arithmetic of abacus.At that time,different people had different ways to calculate,and abacuses had different types,4 beads,5 beads or 6 beads on a stick.When Cheng Dawei was more than 40 years old,with rich experience he unified the abacus,just as it looks like now and then make the rhymes.He wrot
13、e a book in 1592 AD,called Algorithm Tong Zong,including all the abacus techniques.In the ancient times,if you want to do business,you have to begin with learning how to use abacus.第十四页，共16页。Chinese AbacusHuizhou businessman respect abacus highly,and they had many taboos about abacus:Firstly you hav
14、e to wash your hand before using abacus.Secondly dont turn the abacus upside down,playing it as wheels.Thirdly,put abacus on the counter if you dont need it.But dont hang it on the wall.Fourthly,after using abacus,you have to reset,moving the two upper beads up and five below beads down.第十五页，共16页。Thank you!第十六页，共16页。